localhost:123/{controller}/{action}/{id}

routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Student",
url: "students/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Student", action = "Index" }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);

routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Product",
url: "{Product}/{productid}",
defaults: new { controller = "Product", action = "Details" }
);

/Product/24
/Product/4

/Product/apple
/Product/kish

routes.MapRoute(
name: "Product",
url: "{Product}/{productid}",
defaults: new { controller = "Product", action = "Details" },
constraints: new { productid = @"\d+" }
);

public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
  protected void Application_Start()
  {
  RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
  }
}

In ASP.NET Core MVC and Web API are parts of the same unified framework. That is why an MVC controller and a Web API controller both inherit from Controller base class. Usually a Web API controller has maximum of five actions - Get(), Get(id), Post(), Put(), and Delete(). However, if required you can have additional actions in the Web API controller. This article shows how.

Let's say you have a Web API controller named CustomerController with the following skeleton code. 

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Cors
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json

namespace AspNetCoreWebAPIOnly 
{ 
    public class Startup 
    { 
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
        { 
            var mvcCoreBuilder = services.AddMvcCore(); 
            mvcCoreBuilder 
                .AddFormatterMappings() 
                .AddJsonFormatters() 
                .AddCors(); 
        } 

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 
        { 
            app.UseMvc(); 
        } 
    } 
}

namespace AspNetCoreWebAPIOnly.Controllers 
{ 
    [Route("api/[controller]")] 
    // ControllerBase instead of Controller 
    public class ValuesController : ControllerBase 
    { 
        // GET api/values 
        [HttpGet] 
        public IEnumerable<string> Get() 
        { 
            return new[] { "value1", "value2" }; 
        } 
    } 
}

void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
        name: "DefaultApi",
        routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
        defaults: new { id = System.Web.Http.RouteParameter.Optional }
        );
}