Type Safety

string text = “String value”;
int textLength = text.Length;
int textMonth = text.Month; // won’t compile

public interface IGeometricShape
{
     double Circumference { get; }
     double Area { get; }
}
public class Square : IGeometricShape
{
     public double Side { get; set; }
     public double Circumference => 4 * Side;
     public double Area => Side * Side;
}
public class Circle : IGeometricShape
{
     public double Radius { get; set; }
     public double Circumference => 2 * Math.PI * Radius;
     public double Area => Math.PI * Radius * Radius;
}

IGeometricShape circle = new Circle { Radius = 1 };
Square square = ((Square)circle); // no compiler error
var side = square.Side;

dynamic text = “String value”;
int textLength = text.Length;
int textMonth = text.Month; // throws exception at runtime

public dynamic GetAnonymousType()
{
  return new
    {
        Name = “John”,
        Surname = “Doe”,
        Age = 42
    };
}

dynamic value = GetAnonymousType();
Console.WriteLine($”{value.Name} {value.Surname}, {value.Age}”);

string json = @"
{
     ""name"": ""John"",
     ""surname"": ""Doe"",
     ""age"": 42
}";

dynamic value = JObject.Parse(json);
Console.WriteLine($"{ value.name} { value.surname}, { value.age}");

dynamic person = new ExpandoObject();
person.Name = "John";
person.Surname = "Doe";
person.Age = 42;
person.ToString = (Func<string>)(() => $”{person.Name} {person.Surname}, {person. Age}”);

Console.WriteLine($"{ person.Name}{ person.Surname}, { person.Age}");

var dictionary = (IDictionary<string, object>)person;
foreach (var member in dictionary)
{
     Console.WriteLine($”{member.Key} = {member.Value}”);
}
dictionary.Remove(“ToString”);

class MyDynamicObject : DynamicObject
{
       private readonly Dictionary<string, object> members = new Dictionary<string, object>();

       public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result)
       {
              if (members.ContainsKey(binder.Name))
              {
                  result = members[binder.Name];
                  return true;
              }
              else
              {
                  result = null;
                  return false;
             }
       }

      public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value)
      {
               members[binder.Name] = value;
              return true;
      }

      public bool RemoveMember(string name)
      {
            return members.Remove(name);
      }

}

dynamic person = new MyDynamicObject();
person.Name = “John”;
person.Surname = “Doe”;
person.Age = 42;
person.AsString = (Func<string>)(() => $”{person.Name} {person.Surname}, {person.
Age}”);

public class Customer
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string Bio { get; set; }
 
    public virtual ICollection<Order> Orders { get; set; }
 
    [Computed]
    [NotMapped]
    public string FullName
    {
        get { return FirstName + ' ' + LastName; }
    }
}

public class Order
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string OrderNo { get; set; }
    public DateTime PurchaseDate { get; set; }
    public bool ShipToHomeAddress { get; set; }
 
    public virtual ICollection<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("CustomerId")]
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
 
    [Computed]
    [NotMapped]
    public decimal Total
    {
        get { return OrderItems.Sum(x => x.TotalPrice); }
    }
}

public class OrderItem
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Quantity { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("OrderId")]
    public virtual Order Order { get; set; }
    public int OrderId { get; set; }
 
    [Computed]
    [NotMapped]
    public decimal TotalPrice
    {
        get { return Price * Quantity; }
    }
}

public class CustomerViewModel
{
    public string Bio { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Customer, CustomerViewModel>()
   .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(entity => entity.FullName))
   .ForMember(dest => dest.Bio, opt => opt.MapFrom(entity => entity.Bio ?? "N/A"));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewCustomers = context.Customers
        .Project()
        .To<CustomerViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewCustomers = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Customer>, IEnumerable<CustomerViewModel>>(dbCustomers);
    foreach (var customer in viewCustomers)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", customer.CustomerName, customer.Bio);
    }
}

public class OrderViewModel
{
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
    public decimal Total { get; set; }
    public string OrderNumber { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<OrderItemsViewModel> OrderItems { get; set; }
}

public class OrderItemsViewModel
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Quantity { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderViewModel>()
  .ForMember(dest => dest.OrderNumber, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.OrderNo))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrders = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrders = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderViewModel>>(dbOrders);
    foreach (var order in viewOrders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} - {2}", order.OrderNumber, order.CustomerName, order.Total);
    }
}

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrders = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrders = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderViewModel>>(dbOrders);
    foreach (var order in viewOrders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} - {2}", order.OrderNumber, order.CustomerName, order.Total);
        foreach (var item in order.OrderItems)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("({0}) {1} - {2}", item.Quantity, item.Name, item.Price);
        }
    }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderViewModel>()
  .ForMember(dest => dest.OrderNumber, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.OrderNo))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.OrderItems, opt => opt.Ignore())
  .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

public class OrderDateViewModel
{
    public int PurchaseHour { get; set; }
    public int PurchaseMinute { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderDateViewModel>()
  .ForMember(dest => dest.PurchaseHour, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.PurchaseDate.Hour))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.PurchaseMinute, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.PurchaseDate.Minute))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrder = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderDateViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .FirstOrDefault();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrder = Mapper.Map<Order, OrderDateViewModel>(dbOrder);
 
    if (viewOrder != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}:{2}", viewOrder.CustomerName, viewOrder.PurchaseHour, viewOrder.PurchaseMinute);
    }
}

public class OrderShipViewModel
{
    public string ShipHome { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderShipViewModel>()
   .ForMember(dest => dest.ShipHome, opt => opt.MapFrom(src=>src.ShipToHomeAddress? "Yes": "No"))
   .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrders = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderShipViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrders = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderShipViewModel>>(dbOrders);
    foreach (var order in viewOrders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", order.CustomerName, order.ShipHome);
    }
}

Nowadays, I am trying to learn different design patterns in object oriented paradigm that are pretty useful to implement generic solutions for different scenarios. Few weeks ago for a job hunt, I got an assignment to do which was a web application that would interact with database, so I took it up as a challenge and decided to make it loosely coupled using design patterns which were applicable in that scenario.

Domain Driven Design: The Good Parts

The greenfield project started out so promising. Instead of devolving into big ball of mud, the team decided to apply domain-driven design principles. Ubiquitous language, proper boundaries, encapsulation, it all made sense.
But along the way, something went completely and utterly wrong. It started with arguments on the proper way of implementing aggregates and entities. Arguments began over project and folder structure. Someone read a blog post that repositories are evil, and ORMs the devil incarnate. Another read that relational databases are last century, we need to store everything as a stream of events. Then came the actor model and frameworks that sounded like someone clearing their throat. Instead of a nice, clean architecture, the team chased the next new approach without ever actually shipping anything.
Beyond the endless technical arguments it causes, domain-driven design can actually produce great software. We have to look past the hype into the true value of DDD, what it can bring to our organizations and how it can enable us to build quality systems. With the advent of microservices, DDD is more important than ever - but only if we can get to the good parts. 

function testScope() {
var myTest = true;
if (true) {
var myTest = "I am changed!"
}
alert(myTest);
}
testScope(); // will alert "I am changed!"

function testScope() {
var myTest = true;
if (true) {
var myTest = "I am changed!"
}
alert(myTest);
}
testScope(); // will alert "I am changed!"
alert(myTest); // will throw a reference error, because it doesn't exist outside of the function

myFunction.apply(thisContext, arrArgs);
myFunction.call(thisContext, arg1, arg2, arg3, ..., argN);

var contextObject = {
testContext: 10
}
var otherContextObject = {
testContext: "Hello World!"
}
var testContext = 15; // Global variable
function testFunction() {
alert(this.testContext);
}
testFunction(); // This will alert 15
testFunction.call(contextObject); // Will alert 10
testFunction.apply(otherContextObject); // Will alert "Hello World”

1. کلاس دربرگیرنده متد یا متدهای الحاقی باید Public و Static باشد.
2. متد الحاقی باید Public و Static باشد.
3. اولین پارامتر متد الحاقی باید با کلمه کلیدی this همراه باشد و این پارامتر اشاره به کلاسی دارد که متد جاری به آن الحاق (یا ضمیمه) خواهد شد.

he focus of the tutorials are on Modern OpenGL. Learning (and using) modern OpenGL requires a strong knowledge of graphics programming and how OpenGL operates under the hood to really get the best of your experience. So we will start by discussing core graphi 

• Preventing .NET Garbage Collections with the TryStartNoGCRegion API  
• Stopping Garbage Collection in .NET Core 3.0 (part II)
• Stopping Garbage Collection in .NET Core 3.0 (part I)  

In this particular example (Windows 10 with SSD drive with BitLocker enabled) reading 1 MB file is now 2.5 times faster, while writing is 5.5 times faster.
The memory allocations dropped from 39 kilobytes to 192 bytes! This is a 99.5% improvement!