Based on the above observations, we can conclude that React will be the best framework to learn in 2021, followed by Vue. But there is a high chance of Angular defending second place since it has been there for a longer period of time than Vue, and surely 2021 is not the end of that. So if you are an Angular developer, I suggest you learn React in the upcoming days.

ASP.NET framework

ASP.NET framework is heart of ASP.NET MVC application. Basically, ASP.NET is a request processing engine. It takes incoming request as input and sends it through internal pipeline till the end point. 

PostgreSQL, or Postgres, is a relational database management system that provides an implementation of the SQL querying language. It’s standards-compliant and has many advanced features like reliable transactions and concurrency without read locks.

This guide demonstrates how to quickly get Postgres up and running on an Ubuntu 20.04 server, from installing PostgreSQL to setting up a new user and database. If you’d prefer a more in-depth tutorial on installing and managing a PostgreSQL database, see How To Install and Use PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 20.04. 

    $EmailFrom = "test@gmail.com"

    $EmailTo = "info@dotnettips.info"

    $Subject = "The subject of your email"

    $Body = "What do you want your email to say"

    $SMTPServer = "smtp.gmail.com"

    $SMTPClient = New-Object Net.Mail.SmtpClient($SmtpServer, 587)

    $SMTPClient.EnableSsl = $true

    $SMTPClient.Credentials = New-Object System.Net.NetworkCredential("test", "123456");

    $SMTPClient.Send($EmailFrom, $EmailTo, $Subject, $Body)

npm i -g @strest/cli

version: 2

variables:
  baseUrl: https://localhost:5001/api
  logResponse: false

allowInsecure: true

requests:
  loginRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/account/login
      method: POST
      postData:
        mimeType: application/json
        text:
          username: "Vahid"
          password: "1234"
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.access_token
        type: [string]
      - jsonpath: content.refresh_token
        type: [string]

  myProtectedApiRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ loginRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.title
        expect: "Hello from My Protected Controller! [Authorize]"

  mProtectedAdminApiRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedAdminApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ loginRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.title
        expect: "Hello from My Protected Admin Api Controller! [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Admin)]"

  refreshTokenRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/account/RefreshToken
      method: POST
      postData:
        mimeType: application/json
        text:
          refreshToken: <$ loginRequest.content.refresh_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.access_token
        type: [string]
      - jsonpath: content.refresh_token
        type: [string]

  myProtectedApiRequestWithNewToken:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.title
        expect: "Hello from My Protected Controller! [Authorize]"

  myProtectedApiRequestWithOldToken:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ loginRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: status
        expect: 401

  logoutRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/account/logout
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.access_token $>
      queryString:
        - name: refreshToken
          value: <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.refresh_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content
        expect: true

  myProtectedApiRequestWithNewTokenAfterLogout:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: status
        expect: 401

Account

A bank account allows us to send and receive money and has its unique number. Anytime we tell about an account in a bank, an account is always a bank account. In the other hand, an account in an information system is used to authorize a user. We have the term "account" meaning something absolutely different in two different domains. Domain has an impact on what we imagine when someone says a concrete term. So we have to learn and specify domain terms first.

Price

Let's speak about e-shop domain. What is a price? For us, as customers, it is how much we pay. A manager can think about price as an amount that his company pays to the supplier. For an accountant, a price is just a number. And e-shop programmer is now confused.

Language is crucial because customers and experts are telling their stories in their language. But it is also natural language, inaccurate, ambiguous, context-aware. And as we can see, language can be tricky even within one domain. 

import axios from "axios";

  componentDidMount() {
    const promise = axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    console.log(promise);
  }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddCors(options =>
    {
       options.AddPolicy("ReactCorsPolicy",
          builder => builder
            .AllowAnyMethod()
            .AllowAnyHeader()
            .WithOrigins("http://localhost:3000")
            .AllowCredentials()
            .Build());
    });
    services.AddSingleton<IPostsDataSource, PostsDataSource>();
    services.AddControllers();
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
      app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }

    app.UseHttpsRedirection();

    app.UseRouting();

    //app.UseAuthentication();
    //app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseCors("ReactCorsPolicy");

    app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
       endpoints.MapControllers();
    });
}

  async componentDidMount() {
    const promise = axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    console.log(promise);
    const response = await promise;
    console.log(response);
  }

  async componentDidMount() {
    const response = await axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    console.log(response);
  }

class App extends Component {
  state = {
    posts: []
  };

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data: posts } = await axios.get("https://localhost:5001/api/posts");
    this.setState({ posts }); // = { posts: posts }
  }

const apiEndpoint = "https://localhost:5001/api/posts";

class App extends Component {
  state = {
    posts: []
  };

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data: posts } = await axios.get(apiEndpoint);
    this.setState({ posts });
  }

  handleAdd = async () => {
    const newPost = {
      title: "new Title ...",
      body: "new Body  ...",
      userId: 1
    };
    const { data: post } = await axios.post(apiEndpoint, newPost);
    console.log(post);

    const posts = [post, ...this.state.posts];
    this.setState({ posts });
  };

  handleUpdate = async post => {
    post.title = "Updated";
    const { data: updatedPost } = await axios.put(
      `${apiEndpoint}/${post.id}`,
      post
    );
    console.log(updatedPost);

    const posts = [...this.state.posts];
    const index = posts.indexOf(post);
    posts[index] = { ...post };
    this.setState({ posts });
  };

  handleDelete = async post => {
    await axios.delete(`${apiEndpoint}/${post.id}`);

    const posts = this.state.posts.filter(item => item.id !== post.id);
    this.setState({ posts });
  };

public class NewProduct
    {
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public double Price { get; set; }

        public byte[] Pic { get; set; }
    }

public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public HttpResponseMessage PostProduct(NewProduct model)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                //  ثبت محصول 

                return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Created);
            }

            return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);
        }

    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>ساخت MediaTypeFormatter برای Multipart/form-data</h1>
    <h2>محصول جدید</h2>

    <form id="newProduct" method="post" action="/api/products" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <div>
            <label for="name">نام محصول : </label>
            <input type="text" id="name" name="name" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <label for="price">قیمت : </label>
            <input type="number" id="price"  name="price" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <label for="pic">تصویر : </label>
            <input type="file" id="pic" name="pic" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <button type="submit">ثبت</button>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

یک کلاس به نام MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter می‌سازیم و کلاس MediaTypeFormatter را به عنوان کلاس پایه آن قرار می‌دهیم .

public class MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter : MediaTypeFormatter
{
    ...
}

ابتدا در تابع سازنده کلاس فرمت هایی که می‌خواهیم توسط این کلاس خوانده شوند را تعریف می‌کنیم :

        public MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter()
        {
            SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new MediaTypeHeaderValue("multipart/form-data"));
        }

سپس با پیاده سازی توابع CanReadType و CanWriteType مربوط به کلاس MediaTypeFormatter مشخص می‌کنیم که چه مدل‌هایی را می‌توان توسط این کلاس  serialize / deserialize کرد. در اینجا چون می‌خواهیم این کلاس محدود به یک مدل خاص نباشد، از یک اینترفیس برای شناسایی کلاس‌های مجاز استفاده می‌کنیم .

    public interface INeedMultiPartMediaTypeFormatter
    {
    }

و آنرا به کلاس newProduct اضافه می‌کنیم :

public class NewProduct : INeedMultiPartMediaTypeFormatter
{
 ...
}

        public override bool CanReadType(Type type)
        {
            return typeof(INeedMultiPartMediaTypeFormatter).IsAssignableFrom(type);
        }

        public override bool CanWriteType(Type type)
        {
            return false;
        }

و اما تابع ReadFromStreamAsync که کار خواندن محتوای ارسال شده و بایند کردن آنها به پارامترها را برعهده دارد 

public async override Task<object> ReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, Stream stream, HttpContent content, IFormatterLogger formatterLogger)

ابتدا محتوای ارسال شده را خوانده و اطلاعات فرم را استخراج می‌کنیم و از طرف دیگر با استفاده از کلاس Activator یک نمونه از مدل جاری را ساخته و لیست property‌های آنرا استخراج می‌کنیم.

            MultipartMemoryStreamProvider provider = await content.ReadAsMultipartAsync();
            IEnumerable<HttpContent> formData = provider.Contents.AsEnumerable();

            var modelInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
            IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> properties = type.GetProperties();

سپس در یک حلقه به ترتیب برای هر property متعلق به مدل، در میان اطلاعات فرم جستجو می‌کنیم. برای پیدا کردن اطلاعات متناظر با هر property در هدر Content-Disposition که در بالا توضیح داده شد، به دنبال فیلد همنام با property می‌گردیم .

            foreach (PropertyInfo prop in properties)
            {
                var propName = prop.Name.ToLower();
                var propType = prop.PropertyType;

                var data = formData.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Headers.ContentDisposition.Name.ToLower().Contains(propName));

 گفتیم که هر فیلد یک هدر، Content-Type هم می‌تواند داشته باشد. این هدر به صورت پیش فرض معادل text/plain است و برای فیلدهای عادی قرار داده نمی‌شود . در این مثال چون فقط یک فیلد غیر رشته ای داریم فرض را بر این گرفته ایم که در صورت وجود Content-Type، فیلد مربوط به تصویر است. در صورتیکهContentType  وجود داشته باشد، محتوای فیلد را به شکل Stream خوانده به byte[] تبدیل و با استفاده از متد SetValue در property مربوطه قرار می‌دهیم.

                if (data != null)
                {
                    if (data.Headers.ContentType != null)
                    {
                        using (var fileStream = await data.ReadAsStreamAsync())
                        {
                            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
                            {
                                fileStream.CopyTo(ms);
                                prop.SetValue(modelInstance, ms.ToArray());
                            }                            
                        }
                    }

در صورتی که Content-Type غایب باشد بدین معنی است که محتوای فیلد از نوع رشته است ( عدد ، تاریخ ، guid ، رشته ) و باید به نوع مناسب تبدیل شود. ابتدا آن را به صورت یک رشته می‌خوانیم و با استفاده از Convert.ChangeType آنرا به نوع مناسب تبدیل می‌کنیم و در property متناظر قرار می‌دهیم .

                if (data != null)
                {
                    if (data.Headers.ContentType != null)
                    {
                        //...
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        string rawVal = await data.ReadAsStringAsync();
                        object val = Convert.ChangeType(rawVal, propType);

                        prop.SetValue(modelInstance, val);
                    }
                }

return modelInstance;

config.Formatters.Add(new MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter());