if(user.Roles != null && user.Roles.Any())
   user.Roles.Clear();

ctx.Roles.Attach(new Role { Id = item });

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="RunOnStartup" value="True" />
  </appSettings>
</configuration>

Technology Heterogeneity 

Resilience 

Gilt  یک خرده فروش آنلاین در صنعت مد می‌باشد که  بخاطر مسائل Performance به معماری مایکروسرویس‌ها روی آورد. آنها در سال 2007 با یک نرم افزار یکپارچه شروع به کار کردند. اما بعد از دوسال سیستم آنها قادر به مقابله با ترافیک سایت نبود. آنها با تقسیم بندی قسمت‌های اصلی سیستم خود به مایکرو سرویسها، توانستند خیلی بهتر و موثرتر با ترافیک رسیده مقابله کنند و قابلیت دسترسی پذیری سیستم را افزایش دهند. در حال حاضر سیستم  آنها از حدود 450 مایکرو سرویس تشکیل شده که هر کدام روی چندین ماشین مختلف در حال اجرا می‌باشند.

Ease of Deployment 

Organizational Alignment 

Composability

Optimizing for Replaceability

 .\Provision-AutoGenKeys.ps1 DefaultAppPool

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.AddDataProtection()
    .PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(@"\\server\share\directory\"))
    .ProtectKeysWithCertificate("thumbprint");
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Services
{
    public interface IClientHotelRoomService
    {
        public Task<IEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO>> GetHotelRoomsAsync(DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate);
        public Task<HotelRoomDTO> GetHotelRoomDetailsAsync(int roomId, DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate);
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Services
{
    public class ClientHotelRoomService : IClientHotelRoomService
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;

        public ClientHotelRoomService(HttpClient httpClient)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpClient));
        }

        public Task<HotelRoomDTO> GetHotelRoomDetailsAsync(int roomId, DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public Task<IEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO>> GetHotelRoomsAsync(DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate)
        {
            // How to url-encode query-string parameters properly
            var uri = new UriBuilderExt(new Uri(_httpClient.BaseAddress, "/api/hotelroom"))
                            .AddParameter("checkInDate", $"{checkInDate:yyyy'-'MM'-'dd}")
                            .AddParameter("checkOutDate", $"{checkOutDate:yyyy'-'MM'-'dd}")
                            .Uri;
            return _httpClient.GetFromJsonAsync<IEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO>>(uri);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BlazorServer.Models;
using BlazorWasm.Client.Utils;

using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Web;

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Utils
{
    public class UriBuilderExt
    {
        private readonly NameValueCollection _collection;
        private readonly UriBuilder _builder;

        public UriBuilderExt(Uri uri)
        {
            _builder = new UriBuilder(uri);
            _collection = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(string.Empty);
        }

        public UriBuilderExt AddParameter(string key, string value)
        {
            _collection.Add(key, value);
            return this;
        }

        public Uri Uri
        {
            get
            {
                _builder.Query = _collection.ToString();
                return _builder.Uri;
            }
        }
    }
}

@using BlazorWasm.Client.Services
@using BlazorServer.Models

namespace BlazorWasm.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            // ...

            builder.Services.AddScoped<IClientHotelRoomService, ClientHotelRoomService>();

            // ...
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class HotelRoomController : ControllerBase
    {
        // ...

        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetHotelRooms(DateTime? checkInDate, DateTime? checkOutDate)
        {
          // ...
        }

        [HttpGet("{roomId}")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetHotelRoom(int? roomId, DateTime? checkInDate, DateTime? checkOutDate)
        {
           // ...
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IHotelRoomService : IDisposable
    {
        Task<List<HotelRoomDTO>> GetAllHotelRoomsAsync(DateTime? checkInDate, DateTime? checkOutDate);
        Task<HotelRoomDTO> GetHotelRoomAsync(int roomId, DateTime? checkInDate, DateTime? checkOutDate);
        // ...
    }
}

{
    "BaseAPIUrl": "https://localhost:5001/"
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            // ... 

            // builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.HostEnvironment.BaseAddress) });
            builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient
            {
                BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("BaseAPIUrl"))
            });

            // ... 
        }
    }
}

@page "/hotel/rooms"

@inject ILocalStorageService LocalStorage
@inject IJSRuntime JsRuntime
@inject IClientHotelRoomService HotelRoomService

<h3>HotelRooms</h3>

@code {
    HomeVM HomeModel = new HomeVM();
    IEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO> Rooms = new List<HotelRoomDTO>();

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        try
        {
            var model = await LocalStorage.GetItemAsync<HomeVM>(ConstantKeys.LocalInitialBooking);
            if (model is not null)
            {
                HomeModel = model;
            }
            else
            {
                HomeModel.NoOfNights = 1;
            }
            await LoadRooms();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            await JsRuntime.ToastrError(e.Message);
        }
    }

    private async Task LoadRooms()
    {
        Rooms = await HotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomsAsync(HomeModel.StartDate, HomeModel.EndDate);
    }
}

{
  "iisSettings": {
    "iisExpress": {
      "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:62930",
      "sslPort": 44314
    }
  }
}

{
    "BlazorWasm.Client": {
      "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:5002;http://localhost:5003",
    }  
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<license id="17d46246-a6cb-4196-98a0-ff6fc08cb67f" expiration="2012-06-12T00:00:00.0000000" type="Trial" prof="EFProf">
  <name>MyName</name>
  <Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
    <SignedInfo>
      <CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315" />
      <SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1" />
      <Reference URI="">
        <Transforms>
          <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature" />
        </Transforms>
        <DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" />
        <DigestValue>b8N0bDE4gTakfdGKtzDflmmyyXI=</DigestValue>
      </Reference>
    </SignedInfo>
    <SignatureValue>IPELgc9BbkD8smXSe0sGqp5vS57CtZo9ME2ZfXSq/thVu...=</SignatureValue>
  </Signature>
</license>

        public static string CreateRSAKeyPair(int dwKeySize = 1024)
        {
            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(dwKeySize))
            {
                return provider.ToXmlString(includePrivateParameters: true);
            }
        }

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    public enum LicenseType
    {
        None,
        Trial,
        Standard,
        Personal
    }
}

using System;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    public class License
    {
        [XmlAttribute]
        public Guid Id { set; get; }
        
        public string Domain { set; get; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public string IssuedTo { set; get; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public DateTime Expiration { set; get; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public LicenseType Type { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography; // needs a ref. to `System.Security.dll` asm.
using System.Security.Cryptography.Xml;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    public static class LicenseGenerator
    {
        public static string CreateLicense(string licensePrivateKey, License licenseData)
        {
            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                provider.FromXmlString(licensePrivateKey);
                var xmlDocument = createXmlDocument(licenseData);
                var xmlDigitalSignature = getXmlDigitalSignature(xmlDocument, provider);
                appendDigitalSignature(xmlDocument, xmlDigitalSignature);
                return xmlDocumentToString(xmlDocument);
            }
        }

        public static string CreateRSAKeyPair(int dwKeySize = 1024)
        {
            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(dwKeySize))
            {
                return provider.ToXmlString(includePrivateParameters: true);
            }
        }

        public static License ReadLicense(string licensePublicKey, string xmlFileContent)
        {
            var doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(xmlFileContent);

            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                provider.FromXmlString(licensePublicKey);

                var nsmgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
                nsmgr.AddNamespace("sig", "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#");

                var xml = new SignedXml(doc);
                var signatureNode = (XmlElement)doc.SelectSingleNode("//sig:Signature", nsmgr);
                if (signatureNode == null)
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("This license file is not signed.");

                xml.LoadXml(signatureNode);
                if (!xml.CheckSignature(provider))
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("This license file is not valid.");

                var ourXml = xml.GetXml();
                if (ourXml.OwnerDocument == null || ourXml.OwnerDocument.DocumentElement == null)
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("This license file is coruppted.");

                using (var reader = new XmlNodeReader(ourXml.OwnerDocument.DocumentElement))
                {
                    var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(License));
                    return (License)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(reader);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void appendDigitalSignature(XmlDocument xmlDocument, XmlNode xmlDigitalSignature)
        {
            xmlDocument.DocumentElement.AppendChild(xmlDocument.ImportNode(xmlDigitalSignature, true));
        }

        private static XmlDocument createXmlDocument(License licenseData)
        {
            var serializer = new XmlSerializer(licenseData.GetType());
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            using (var writer = new StringWriter(sb))
            {
                var ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); ns.Add("", "");
                serializer.Serialize(writer, licenseData, ns);
                var doc = new XmlDocument();
                doc.LoadXml(sb.ToString());
                return doc;
            }
        }

        private static XmlElement getXmlDigitalSignature(XmlDocument xmlDocument, AsymmetricAlgorithm key)
        {
            var xml = new SignedXml(xmlDocument) { SigningKey = key };
            var reference = new Reference { Uri = "" };
            reference.AddTransform(new XmlDsigEnvelopedSignatureTransform());
            xml.AddReference(reference);
            xml.ComputeSignature();
            return xml.GetXml();
        }

        private static string xmlDocumentToString(XmlDocument xmlDocument)
        {
            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                var settings = new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true, Encoding = Encoding.UTF8 };
                var xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(ms, settings);
                xmlDocument.Save(xmlWriter);
                ms.Position = 0;
                return new StreamReader(ms).ReadToEnd();
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Console.WriteLine(LicenseGenerator.CreateRSAKeyPair());
            writeLicense();            
            readLicense();

            Console.WriteLine("Press a key...");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void readLicense()
        {
            var xml = File.ReadAllText("License.xml");
            const string publicKey = @"<RSAKeyValue>
                                    <Modulus>
                                        mBNKFIc/LkMfaXvLlB/+6EujPkx3vBOvLu8jdESDSQLisT8K96RaDMD1ORmdw2XNdMw/6ZBuJjLhoY13qCU9t7biuL3SIxr858oJ1RLM4PKhA/wVDcYnJXmAUuOyxP/vfvb798o6zAC1R2QWuzG+yJQR7bFmbKH0tXF/NOcSgbc=
                                    </Modulus>
                                    <Exponent>
                                        AQAB
                                    </Exponent>
                                 </RSAKeyValue>";

            var result = LicenseGenerator.ReadLicense(publicKey, xml);

            Console.WriteLine(result.Domain);
            Console.WriteLine(result.IssuedTo);
        }

        private static void writeLicense()
        {
            const string rsaData = @"<RSAKeyValue>
                    <Modulus>
                        mBNKFIc/LkMfaXvLlB/+6EujPkx3vBOvLu8jdESDSQLisT8K96RaDMD1ORmdw2XNdMw/6ZBuJjLhoY13qCU9t7biuL3SIxr858oJ1RLM4PKhA/wVDcYnJXmAUuOyxP/vfvb798o6zAC1R2QWuzG+yJQR7bFmbKH0tXF/NOcSgbc=
                    </Modulus>
                    <Exponent>
                        AQAB
                    </Exponent>
                    <P>
                        xwPKN77EcolMTD2O2Csv6k9Y4aen8UBVYjeQ4PtrNGz0Zx6I1MxLEFzRpiKC/Ney3xKg0Icwj0ebAQ04d5+HAQ==
                    </P>
                    <Q>
                        w568t0Xe6OBUfCyAuo7tTv4eLgczHntVLpjjcxdUksdVw7NJtlnOLApJVJ+U6/85Z7Ji+eVhuN91yn04pQkAtw==
                    </Q>
                    <DP>
                        svkEjRdA4WP5uoKNiHdmMshCvUQh8wKRBq/D2aAgq9fj/yxlj0FdrAxc+ZQFyk5MbPH6ry00jVWu3sY95s4PAQ==
                    </DP>
                    <DQ>
                        WcRsIUYk5oSbAGiDohiYeZlPTBvtr101V669IUFhhAGJL8cEWnOXksodoIGimzGBrD5GARrr3yRcL1GLPuCEvQ==
                    </DQ>
                    <InverseQ>
                        wIbuKBZSCioG6MHdT1jxlv6U1+Y3TX9sHED9PqGzWWpVGA+xFJmQUxoFf/SvHzwbBlXnG0DLqUvxEv+BkEid2w==
                    </InverseQ>
                    <D>                        Yk21yWdT1BfXqlw30NyN7qNWNuM/Uvh2eaRkCrhvFTckSucxs7st6qig2/RPIwwfr6yIc/bE/TRO3huQicTpC2W3aXsBI9822OOX4BdWCec2txXpSkbZW24moXu+OSHfAdYoOEN6ocR7tAGykIqENshRO7HvONJsOE5+1kF2GAE=
                    </D>
                  </RSAKeyValue>";

            string data = LicenseGenerator.CreateLicense(
                                                rsaData,
                                                new License
                                                {
                                                     Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                                                     Domain = "dotnettips.info",
                                                     Expiration = DateTime.Now.AddYears(2),
                                                     IssuedTo = "VahidN",
                                                     Type = LicenseType.Standard
                                                });
            File.WriteAllText("License.xml", data);
        }
    }
}