/// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    public static class FullTextPrefixes
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        public const string ContainsPrefix = "-CONTAINS-";

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        public const string FreetextPrefix = "-FREETEXT-";

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="searchTerm"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Contains(string searchTerm)
        {
            return string.Format("({0}{1})", ContainsPrefix, searchTerm);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="searchTerm"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Freetext(string searchTerm)
        {
            return string.Format("({0}{1})", FreetextPrefix, searchTerm);
        }

    }

public static class FullTextSearchExtensions
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEntity"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="source"></param>
        /// <param name="expression"></param>
        /// <param name="searchTerm"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IQueryable<TEntity> FreeTextSearch<TEntity>(this IQueryable<TEntity> source, Expression<Func<TEntity, object>> expression, string searchTerm) where TEntity : class
        {
            return FreeTextSearchImp(source, expression, FullTextPrefixes.Freetext(searchTerm));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEntity"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="source"></param>
        /// <param name="expression"></param>
        /// <param name="searchTerm"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IQueryable<TEntity> ContainsSearch<TEntity>(this IQueryable<TEntity> source, Expression<Func<TEntity, object>> expression, string searchTerm) where TEntity : class
        {
            return FreeTextSearchImp(source, expression, FullTextPrefixes.Contains(searchTerm));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEntity"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="source"></param>
        /// <param name="expression"></param>
        /// <param name="searchTerm"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static IQueryable<TEntity> FreeTextSearchImp<TEntity>(this IQueryable<TEntity> source, Expression<Func<TEntity, object>> expression, string searchTerm)
        {
            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(searchTerm))
            {
                return source;
            }

            // The below represents the following lamda:
            // source.Where(x => x.[property].Contains(searchTerm))

            //Create expression to represent x.[property].Contains(searchTerm)
            //var searchTermExpression = Expression.Constant(searchTerm);
            var searchTermExpression = Expression.Property(Expression.Constant(new { Value = searchTerm }), "Value");
            var checkContainsExpression = Expression.Call(expression.Body, typeof(string).GetMethod("Contains"), searchTermExpression);

            //Join not null and contains expressions

            var methodCallExpression = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable),
                                                       "Where",
                                                       new[] { source.ElementType },
                                                       source.Expression,
                                                       Expression.Lambda<Func<TEntity, bool>>(checkContainsExpression, expression.Parameters));

            return source.Provider.CreateQuery<TEntity>(methodCallExpression);
        }

 public class FtsInterceptor : IDbCommandInterceptor
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="interceptionContext"></param>
        public void NonQueryExecuting(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<int> interceptionContext)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="interceptionContext"></param>
        public void NonQueryExecuted(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<int> interceptionContext)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="interceptionContext"></param>
        public void ReaderExecuting(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<DbDataReader> interceptionContext)
        {
            RewriteFullTextQuery(command);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="interceptionContext"></param>
        public void ReaderExecuted(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<DbDataReader> interceptionContext)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="interceptionContext"></param>
        public void ScalarExecuting(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<object> interceptionContext)
        {
            RewriteFullTextQuery(command);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command"></param>
        /// <param name="interceptionContext"></param>
        public void ScalarExecuted(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<object> interceptionContext)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd"></param>
        public static void RewriteFullTextQuery(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            var text = cmd.CommandText;
            for (var i = 0; i < cmd.Parameters.Count; i++)
            {
                var parameter = cmd.Parameters[i];
                if (
                    !parameter.DbType.In(DbType.String, DbType.AnsiString, DbType.StringFixedLength,
                        DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength)) continue;
                if (parameter.Value == DBNull.Value)
                    continue;
                var value = (string)parameter.Value;
                if (value.IndexOf(FullTextPrefixes.ContainsPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal) >= 0)
                {
                    parameter.Size = 4096;
                    parameter.DbType = DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength;
                    value = value.Replace(FullTextPrefixes.ContainsPrefix, ""); // remove prefix we added n linq query
                    value = value.Substring(1, value.Length - 2); // remove %% escaping by linq translator from string.Contains to sql LIKE
                    parameter.Value = value;
                    cmd.CommandText = Regex.Replace(text,
                        string.Format(
                            @"\[(\w*)\].\[(\w*)\]\s*LIKE\s*@{0}\s?(?:ESCAPE N?'~')", parameter.ParameterName),
                        string.Format(@"CONTAINS([$1].[$2], @{0})", parameter.ParameterName));
                    if (text == cmd.CommandText)
                        throw new Exception("FTS was not replaced on: " + text);
                    text = cmd.CommandText;
                }
                else if (value.IndexOf(FullTextPrefixes.FreetextPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal) >= 0)
                {
                    parameter.Size = 4096;
                    parameter.DbType = DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength;
                    value = value.Replace(FullTextPrefixes.FreetextPrefix, ""); // remove prefix we added n linq query
                    value = value.Substring(1, value.Length - 2); // remove %% escaping by linq translator from string.Contains to sql LIKE
                    parameter.Value = value;
                    cmd.CommandText = Regex.Replace(text,
                        string.Format(
                            @"\[(\w*)\].\[(\w*)\]\s*LIKE\s*@{0}\s?(?:ESCAPE N?'~')", parameter.ParameterName),
                        string.Format(@"FREETEXT([$1].[$2], @{0})", parameter.ParameterName));
                    if (text == cmd.CommandText)
                        throw new Exception("FTS was not replaced on: " + text);
                    text = cmd.CommandText;
                }
            }
        }

    }

public class Note
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        public int Id { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        public string NoteText { get; set; }
    }

  public class FtsSampleContext : DbContext
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        public DbSet<Note> Notes { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="modelBuilder"></param>
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new NoteMap());
        }
    }

/// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="args"></param>
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DbInterception.Add(new FtsInterceptor());
            const string searchTerm = "john";
            using (var db = new FtsSampleContext())
            {
                var result1 = db.Notes.FreeTextSearch(a => a.NoteText, searchTerm).ToList();
                //SQL Server Profiler result ===>>>
                //exec sp_executesql N'SELECT 
                //    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
                //    [Extent1].[NoteText] AS [NoteText]
                //    FROM [dbo].[Notes] AS [Extent1]
                //    WHERE FREETEXT([Extent1].[NoteText], @p__linq__0)',N'@p__linq__0 
                //char(4096)',@p__linq__0='(john)'
                var result2 = db.Notes.ContainsSearch(a => a.NoteText, searchTerm).ToList();
                //SQL Server Profiler result ===>>>
                //exec sp_executesql N'SELECT 
                //    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
                //    [Extent1].[NoteText] AS [NoteText]
                //    FROM [dbo].[Notes] AS [Extent1]
                //    WHERE CONTAINS([Extent1].[NoteText], @p__linq__0)',N'@p__linq__0 
                //char(4096)',@p__linq__0='(john)'
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

Features

What you will learn in this eBook?
We will cover the following Angular concepts in this book:
- Using Cloud Firestore with an Angular application
- Angular Material and Bootstrap
- Template-driven forms
- Form validation
- Custom pipes
- Auth-guards in Angular
- Authentication and Authorization
- Login with Google using Firebase
- Social share option using ngx-share
- Client-Side pagination using ngx-pagination
- Deploying an Angular app in Firebase 

Git and GitHub Tutorials for Beginners!

#1 - What is Git and GitHub?
#2 - Creating Repositories and Commits
#3 - What are Git Branches?
#4 - Creating Forks and Pull Requests
#5 - Understanding GitHub Issues
#6 - Installing Git and Cloning our Repository
#7 - Staging Changes and Making you First Commit!
 

public class EmailSender
    {
        public void Send(string emailAddress)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"an email was sent to {emailAddress}");
        }
    }

new EmailSender().Send("eng.younos1986@gmail.com")

Serialize(() => new EmailSender().Send("eng.younos1986@gmail.com"));

public void Serialize(Expression<Action> methodCall)
        {
            var callExpression = methodCall.Body as MethodCallExpression;

            var rawArguments = new object[callExpression.Arguments.Count];
            var i = 0;
            foreach (var argg in callExpression.Arguments)
            {
                rawArguments[i++] = Expression.Lambda(Expression.Convert(argg, argg.Type)).Compile().DynamicInvoke();
            }
            string typeName = string.Empty;
            var serializedArgumentsObject = rawArguments.ObjectToByteArray();              //todo: save this to db as method parameters  [Binary field]

            if (callExpression.Object != null)                                             //todo: save this to db as class name to be instanciated later {nvarchar field}
                typeName = callExpression.Object.Type.ToString();                          // instance methods
            else
                typeName = callExpression.Method.ReflectedType.ToString();                 // static methods

            var methodname = callExpression.Method.Name;                                   //todo: save this to db as method name to be called via reflection [nvarchar field]
            var deserializedArgumentsObject = serializedArgumentsObject.ByteArrayToObject();                                             //todo:  retrieve  serializedObject fro db and deserialize 
            var objInstance = GetInstance(typeName);                                       //todo:  retrieve  typeName fro db and deserialize 
            if (objInstance != null)
            {
                objInstance.GetType().GetMethod(methodname).Invoke(objInstance, (object[])deserializedArgumentsObject);
            }
        }  

var rawArguments = new object[callExpression.Arguments.Count];

var i = 0;
foreach (var argg in callExpression.Arguments)
{
    rawArguments[i++] = Expression.Lambda(Expression.Convert(argg, argg.Type)).Compile().DynamicInvoke();
}  

Expression.Lambda(Expression.Convert(argg, argg.Type)).Compile().DynamicInvoke();

if (callExpression.Object != null)                            
    typeName = callExpression.Object.Type.ToString();         
else
    typeName = callExpression.Method.ReflectedType.ToString();

var methodname = callExpression.Method.Name;

var methodname = callExpression.Method.Name;                                   
var deserializedArgumentsObject = serializedArgumentsObject.ByteArrayToObject();                           
var objInstance = GetInstance(typeName);                                        
if (objInstance != null)
{
    objInstance.GetType().GetMethod(methodname).Invoke(objInstance, (object[])deserializedArgumentsObject);
}

public object GetInstance(string strFullyQualifiedName)
        {
            Type type = Type.GetType(strFullyQualifiedName);
            if (type != null)
                return Activator.CreateInstance(type);

            foreach (var asm in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
            {
                type = asm.GetType(strFullyQualifiedName);
                if (type != null)
                    return Activator.CreateInstance(type);
            }
            return null;
        }

using System;
using Stateless;

namespace StatelessTests
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                string on = "On", off = "Off";
                var space = ' ';

                var onOffSwitch = new StateMachine<string, char>(initialState: off);

                onOffSwitch.Configure(state: off).Permit(trigger: space, destinationState: on);
                onOffSwitch.Configure(state: on).Permit(trigger: space, destinationState: off);

                Console.WriteLine("Press <space> to toggle the switch. Any other key will raise an error.");

                while (true)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Switch is in state: " + onOffSwitch.State);
                    var pressed = Console.ReadKey(true).KeyChar;
                    onOffSwitch.Fire(trigger: pressed);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
                Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue...");
                Console.ReadKey(true);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class StateMachine<TState, TTrigger>

<statemachine xmlns="http://statelessdesigner.codeplex.com/Schema">
  <settings>
    <itemname>BlogPostStateMachine</itemname>
    <namespace>StatelessTests</namespace>
    <class>public</class>
  </settings>
  <triggers>     
    <trigger>Save</trigger>
    <trigger>RequireEdit</trigger>
    <trigger>Accept</trigger>
    <trigger>Reject</trigger>
  </triggers>
  <states>     
    <state start="yes">Begin</state>
    <state>InProgress</state>     
    <state>Published</state>      
    <state>Rejected</state>      
  </states>
  <transitions>
    <transition trigger="Save" from="Begin" to="InProgress" />

    <transition trigger="Accept" from="InProgress" to="Published" />
    <transition trigger="Reject" from="InProgress" to="Rejected" />

    <transition trigger="Save" from="InProgress" to="InProgress" />

    <transition trigger="RequireEdit" from="Published" to="InProgress" />
    <transition trigger="RequireEdit" from="Rejected" to="InProgress" />
  </transitions>
</statemachine>

using Stateless;

namespace StatelessTests
{
  public class BlogPostStateMachine
  {
    public delegate void UnhandledTriggerDelegate(State state, Trigger trigger);
    public delegate void EntryExitDelegate();
    public delegate bool GuardClauseDelegate();

    public enum Trigger
    {
      Save,
      RequireEdit,
      Accept,
      Reject,
    }

    public enum State
    {
      Begin,
      InProgress,
      Published,
      Rejected,
    }

    private readonly StateMachine<State, Trigger> stateMachine = null;

    public EntryExitDelegate OnBeginEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnBeginExit = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnInProgressEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnInProgressExit = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnPublishedEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnPublishedExit = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnRejectedEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnRejectedExit = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = null;
    public UnhandledTriggerDelegate OnUnhandledTrigger = null;

    public BlogPost()
    {
      stateMachine = new StateMachine<State, Trigger>(State.Begin);
      stateMachine.Configure(State.Begin)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnBeginEntry != null) OnBeginEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnBeginExit != null) OnBeginExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.Save, State.InProgress , () => { if (GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave != null) return GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.Configure(State.InProgress)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnInProgressEntry != null) OnInProgressEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnInProgressExit != null) OnInProgressExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.Accept, State.Published , () => { if (GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept != null) return GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept(); return true; } )
        .PermitIf(Trigger.Reject, State.Rejected , () => { if (GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject != null) return GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject(); return true; } )
        .PermitReentryIf(Trigger.Save , () => { if (GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave != null) return GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.Configure(State.Published)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnPublishedEntry != null) OnPublishedEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnPublishedExit != null) OnPublishedExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.RequireEdit, State.InProgress , () => { if (GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit != null) return GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.Configure(State.Rejected)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnRejectedEntry != null) OnRejectedEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnRejectedExit != null) OnRejectedExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.RequireEdit, State.InProgress , () => { if (GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit != null) return GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.OnUnhandledTrigger((state, trigger) => { if (OnUnhandledTrigger != null) OnUnhandledTrigger(state, trigger); });
    }

    public bool TryFireTrigger(Trigger trigger)
    {
      if (!stateMachine.CanFire(trigger))
      {
        return false;
      }
      stateMachine.Fire(trigger);
      return true;
    }

    public State GetState
    {
      get
      {
        return stateMachine.State;
      }
    }
  }
}

namespace StatelessTests
{
    public class BlogPostManager
    {
        private BlogPostStateMachine _stateMachine;
        public BlogPostManager()
        {
            configureWorkflow();
        }

        private void configureWorkflow()
        {
            _stateMachine = new BlogPostStateMachine();

            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = () => { return UserCanPost; };
            _stateMachine.OnBeginExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to admin */ };

            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept = () => { return UserIsAdmin; };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject = () => { return UserIsAdmin; };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = () => { return UserHasEditRights; };
            _stateMachine.OnInProgressExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to user */ };

            _stateMachine.OnPublishedExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to admin */ };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = () => { return UserHasEditRights; };

            _stateMachine.OnRejectedExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to admin */ };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = () => { return UserHasEditRights; };
        }

        public bool UserIsAdmin
        {
            get
            {
                return true; // TODO: Evaluate if user is an admin.
            }
        }

        public bool UserCanPost
        {
            get
            {
                return true; // TODO: Evaluate if user is authenticated
            }
        }

        public bool UserHasEditRights
        {
            get
            {
                return true; // TODO: Evaluate if user is owner or admin
            }
        }

        // User actions
        public void Save() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.Save); }
        public void RequireEdit() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.RequireEdit); }

        // Admin actions        
        public void Accept() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.Accept); }
        public void Reject() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.Reject); }
    }
}

Top Issues Fixed in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.4.1

• Fixed "the write operation failed. you must first acquire write access from dataschemamodelcontroller" error trying to publish a database
• Fix ExecutionEngineException exceptions when using SignalR on iOS devices in some configurations
• Runtime Fix "CEE_RET: value type stack" crash when interpreter was enabled with some libraries
• TypeScript 3.7.3 is now included by default, which contains several fixes for issues that effect the JavaScript and TypeScript editing experience.
• May allow mitigation of a Per-Monitor awareness related crash in Visual Studio

Security Advisory Notice

CVE-2019-1349 Git for Visual Studio Remote Excecution Vulnerability due to too lax restrictions on submodule names

CVE-2019-1350 Git for Visual Studio Remote Excecution Vulnerability due to incorrect quoting of command-line arguments

CVE-2019-1351 Git for Visual Studio Arbitrary File Overwrite Vulnerability due to usage of non-letter drive names during clone

CVE-2019-1352 Git for Visual Studio Remote Excecution Vulnerability due to unawareness of NTFS Alternate Data Streams

CVE-2019-1354 Git for Visual Studio Arbitrary File Overwrite Vulnerability due to not refusing to write out tracked files containing backslashes

CVE-2019-1387 Git for Visual Studio Remote Execution Vulnerability due to too lax validation of submodule names in recursive clones

CVE-2019-1486 Live Share extension URL redirection vulnerability