public static void PrintNumbers()
{
    var numbers = new[] { 1,2,3,5,7,90 }; // from a data source
    foreach(var item in numbers)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(item);
    }    
}

public static void PrintNumbers(Func<int,string> formula)
{
    var numbers = new[] { 1,2,3,5,7,90 };  // from a data source
    foreach(var item in numbers)
    {
        var data = formula(item);
        Console.WriteLine(data);
    }    
}

 PrintNumbers(number => string.Format("{0:n0}",number));

 PrintNumbers((number) =>{ return string.Format("{0:n0}",number); });

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Caching;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace WebToolkit
{
    public static class CacheManager
    {
        public static void CacheInsert(this HttpContextBase httpContext, string key, object data, int durationMinutes)
        {
            if (data == null) return;
            httpContext.Cache.Add(
                key,
                data,
                null,
                DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(durationMinutes),
                TimeSpan.Zero,
                CacheItemPriority.AboveNormal,
                null);
        }
    }
}

var item = httpContext.Cache[key];
if (item == null)
{
    item = ReadDataFromDataSource();
    if (item == null)
          return null;

    CacheInsert(httpContext, key, item, durationMinutes);
}

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Caching;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace WebToolkit
{
    public static class CacheManager
    {
        public static void CacheInsert(this HttpContextBase httpContext, string key, object data, int durationMinutes)
        {
            if (data == null) return;
            httpContext.Cache.Add(
                key,
                data,
                null,
                DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(durationMinutes),
                TimeSpan.Zero,
                CacheItemPriority.AboveNormal,
                null);
        }

        public static T CacheRead<T>(this HttpContextBase httpContext, string key, int durationMinutes, Func<T> ifNullRetrievalMethod)
        {
            var item = httpContext.Cache[key];
            if (item == null)
            {
                item = ifNullRetrievalMethod();
                if (item == null)
                    return default(T);

                CacheInsert(httpContext, key, item, durationMinutes);
            }
            return (T)item;
        }
    }
}

var user = HttpContext.CacheRead(
                            "Key1",
                            15,
                            () => _usersService.FindUser(userId));

var person = new Object();
person.firstName = "Meysam";
person.birth = new Date(1982, 11, 8);
person.getAge = function () {
    var now = new Date();
    return now.getFullYear() - this.birth.getFullYear();
}

alert(person.firstName + ": " + person.getAge());    // Meysam: 34

var person = {
    firstName: "Meysam",
    birth: new Date(1982, 11, 8),
    getAge: function () {
        var now = new Date();
        return now.getFullYear() - this.birth.getFullYear();
    }
};

alert(person.firstName + ": " + person.getAge());    // Meysam: 34

Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, descriptor)

var person = {};
Object.defineProperty(person, "name", {
    writable: false,
    value:"Meysam"
});

alert(person.name);   // Meysam
person.name = "Arash";
alert(person.name);   // Meysam

var person = {};
Object.defineProperty(person, "name", {
    configurable: false,
    value: "Meysam"
});

alert(person.name);  // Meysam
delete person.name;
alert(person.name);  // Meysam

Object.defineProperties(obj, props)

var person = {};
Object.defineProperties(person, {
    "name": {
        configurable: false,
        value: "Meysam"
    },
    "age": {
        writable:false,
        value:34
    }
});

var date = {
    _year: 1,
    _month: 1,
    _day: 1,
    isLeap: function () {
        switch (this.year % 33) {
            case 1: case 5: case 9: case 13:
            case 17: case 22: case 26: case 30:
                return true;
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }
};

Object.defineProperties(date, {
    "year": {
        "get": function () { return this._year; },
        "set": function (newValue) {
            if (newValue < 1 || newValue > 9999)
                throw new Error("Year must be between 1 and 9999");
            this._year = newValue;
        }
    },
    "month": {
        "get": function () { return this._month; },
        "set": function (newValue) {
            if (newValue < 1 || newValue > 12)
                throw new Error("Month must be between 1 and 12");
            this._month = newValue;
        }
    },
    "day": {
        "get": function () { return this._day; },
        "set": function (newValue) {
            if (newValue < 1 || newValue > 31)
                throw new Error("Day must be between 1 and 31");
            if (this.month === 12 && !this.isLeap() && newValue > 29)
                throw new Error("Day must be between 1 and 29");
            if (this.month > 6 && newValue > 30)
                throw new Error("Day must be between 1 and 30");
            this._day = newValue;
        }
    }
});

var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(date, "_year");
alert(descriptor.value);   // 1
alert(descriptor.configurable); // true
alert(typeof descriptor.get); // undefined

descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(date, "year");
alert(descriptor.value);   // undefined
alert(descriptor.configurable); // false
alert(typeof descriptor.get); // function

SELECT Title FROM Book WHERE Desc LIKE '%cat%';

var cats = context.Chapters.Where(item => item.Text.Contains("cat")).ToList();

SELECT  "c"."Text" FROM "Chapters" AS "c" WHERE ('cat' = '') OR (instr("c"."Text", 'cat') > 0)

var cats = context.Chapters.Where(item => item.Text.StartsWith("cat")).ToList();
// SELECT "c"."Text", FROM "Chapters" AS "c" WHERE "c"."Text" IS NOT NULL AND ("c"."Text" LIKE 'cat%')

var cats = context.Chapters.Where(item => item.Text.EndsWith("cat")).ToList();
// SELECT "c"."Title" FROM "Chapters" AS "c" WHERE "c"."Text" IS NOT NULL AND ("c"."Text" LIKE '%cat')

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EFCoreSQLiteFTS.Entities
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Name { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Chapter> Chapters { get; set; }
    }

    public class Chapter
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Title { get; set; }

        public string Text { get; set; }

        public User User { get; set; }
        public int UserId { get; set; }
    }
}

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE "Chapters_FTS"
USING fts5("Text", "Title", content="Chapters", content_rowid="Id")

private static void createFtsTables(ApplicationDbContext context)
{
    // For SQLite FTS
    // Note: This can be added to the `protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)` method too.
    context.Database.ExecuteSqlRaw(@"CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ""Chapters_FTS""
    USING fts5(""Text"", ""Title"", content=""Chapters"", content_rowid=""Id"");");
}

-- Create a table. And an external content fts5 table to index it.
CREATE TABLE tbl(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE fts_idx USING fts5(b, c, content='tbl', content_rowid='a');

-- Triggers to keep the FTS index up to date.
CREATE TRIGGER tbl_ai AFTER INSERT ON tbl BEGIN
  INSERT INTO fts_idx(rowid, b, c) VALUES (new.a, new.b, new.c);
END;
CREATE TRIGGER tbl_ad AFTER DELETE ON tbl BEGIN
  INSERT INTO fts_idx(fts_idx, rowid, b, c) VALUES('delete', old.a, old.b, old.c);
END;
CREATE TRIGGER tbl_au AFTER UPDATE ON tbl BEGIN
  INSERT INTO fts_idx(fts_idx, rowid, b, c) VALUES('delete', old.a, old.b, old.c);
  INSERT INTO fts_idx(rowid, b, c) VALUES (new.a, new.b, new.c);
END;

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;

namespace EFCoreSQLiteFTS.DataLayer
{
    public static class EFChangeTrackerExtensions
    {
        public static List<(EntityState State, TEntity NewEntity, TEntity OldEntity)>
                    GetChangedEntities<TEntity>(this DbContext dbContext) where TEntity : class, new()
        {
            if (!dbContext.ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled)
            {
                // ChangeTracker.Entries() only calls `Try`DetectChanges() behind the scene.
                dbContext.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();
            }

            return dbContext.ChangeTracker.Entries<TEntity>()
                    .Where(IsEntityChanged)
                    .Select(entityEntry => (entityEntry.State,
                                            entityEntry.Entity,
                                            createWithValues<TEntity>(entityEntry.OriginalValues)))
                    .ToList();
        }

        private static bool IsEntityChanged(EntityEntry entry)
        {
            return entry.State == EntityState.Added
                    || entry.State == EntityState.Modified
                    || entry.State == EntityState.Deleted
                    || entry.References.Any(r => r.TargetEntry?.Metadata.IsOwned() == true && IsEntityChanged(r.TargetEntry));
        }

        private static T createWithValues<T>(PropertyValues values) where T : new()
        {
            var entity = new T();
            foreach (var prop in values.Properties)
            {
                var value = values[prop.Name];
                if (value is PropertyValues)
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException("nested complex object");
                }
                else
                {
                    prop.PropertyInfo.SetValue(entity, value);
                }
            }
            return entity;
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using EFCoreSQLiteFTS.Entities;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace EFCoreSQLiteFTS.DataLayer
{
    public static class FtsNormalizer
    {
        private static readonly Regex _htmlRegex = new Regex("<[^>]*>", RegexOptions.Compiled);

        public static string NormalizeText(this string text)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }

            // Remove html tags
            text = _htmlRegex.Replace(text, string.Empty);

            // TODO: add other normalizers here, such as `remove diacritics`, `fix Persian Ye-Ke` and so on ...

            return text;
        }
    }

    public static class UpdateFtsTriggers
    {
        public static void UpdateChapterFTS(
            this DbContext context,
            List<(EntityState State, Chapter NewEntity, Chapter OldEntity)> changedChapters)
        {
            var database = context.Database;

            try
            {
                database.BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted);

                foreach (var (State, NewEntity, OldEntity) in changedChapters)
                {
                    var chapterNew = NewEntity;
                    var chapterOld = OldEntity;

                    var normalizedNewText = chapterNew.Text.NormalizeText();
                    var normalizedOldText = chapterOld.Text.NormalizeText();
                    var normalizedNewTitle = chapterNew.Title.NormalizeText();
                    var normalizedOldTitle = chapterOld.Title.NormalizeText();
                    switch (State)
                    {
                        case EntityState.Added:
                            if (shouldSkipAddedChapter(chapterNew))
                            {
                                continue;
                            }
                            database.ExecuteSqlRaw("INSERT INTO Chapters_FTS(rowid, Text, Title) values({0}, {1}, {2});",
                                    chapterNew.Id, normalizedNewText, normalizedNewTitle);
                            break;
                        case EntityState.Modified:
                            if (shouldSkipModifiedChapter(chapterNew, chapterOld))
                            {
                                continue;
                            }
                            // This format is important! Otherwise we will get `SQLite Error 11: 'database disk image is malformed'.` error!
                            database.ExecuteSqlRaw(@"INSERT INTO Chapters_FTS(Chapters_FTS, rowid, Text, Title)
                                                        VALUES('delete', {0}, {1}, {2}); ",
                                                        chapterOld.Id, normalizedOldText, normalizedOldTitle);
                            database.ExecuteSqlRaw("INSERT INTO Chapters_FTS(rowid, Text, Title) values({0}, {1}, {2});",
                                    chapterNew.Id, normalizedNewText, normalizedNewTitle);
                            break;
                        case EntityState.Deleted:
                            // This format is important! Otherwise we will get `SQLite Error 11: 'database disk image is malformed'.` error!
                            database.ExecuteSqlRaw(@"INSERT INTO Chapters_FTS(Chapters_FTS, rowid, Text, Title)
                                                        VALUES('delete', {0}, {1}, {2}); ",
                                    chapterOld.Id, normalizedOldText, normalizedOldTitle);
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                database.CommitTransaction();
            }
        }

        private static bool shouldSkipAddedChapter(Chapter chapterNew)
        {
            // TODO: add your logic to avoid indexing this item
            return false;
        }

        private static bool shouldSkipModifiedChapter(Chapter chapterNew, Chapter chapterOld)
        {
            // TODO: add your logic to avoid indexing this item
            return chapterNew.Text == chapterOld.Text && chapterNew.Title == chapterOld.Title;
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCoreSQLiteFTS.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        {
        }

        public DbSet<Chapter> Chapters { get; set; }
        public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }

        public override int SaveChanges()
        {
            var changedChapters = this.GetChangedEntities<Chapter>();

            this.ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false; // for performance reasons, to avoid calling DetectChanges() again.
            var result = base.SaveChanges();
            this.ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;

            this.UpdateChapterFTS(changedChapters);
            return result;
        }
    }
}

 CREATE TABLE [Geo](
[id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[Location] [geography] NULL
)

 insert into Geo( Location , long, lat ) values
( geography::STGeomFromText ('POINT(-121.527200 45.712113)', 4326))

using System.Data.Entity.Spatial;

namespace EFGeoTests.Models
{
    public class GeoLocation
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public DbGeography Location { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Type { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("Name:{0}, Location:{1}", Name, Location);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using EFGeoTests.Models;

namespace EFGeoTests.Config
{
    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<GeoLocation> GeoLocations { get; set; }

        public MyContext()
            : base("Connection1")
        {
            this.Database.Log = sql => Console.Write(sql);
        }
    }
}

   private static DbGeography createPoint(double longitude, double latitude,  int coordinateSystemId = 4326)
  {
       var text = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat,"POINT({0} {1})", longitude, latitude);
       return DbGeography.PointFromText(text, coordinateSystemId);
  }

GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["Degree",0.017453292519943295]]

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the current shape in the collection
        /// </summary>
        public Shape Current
        {
            get 
            {
                if (_disposed) throw new ObjectDisposedException("Shapefile");
                if (!_opened) throw new InvalidOperationException("Shapefile not open.");
               
                // get the metadata
                StringDictionary metadata = null;
                if (!RawMetadataOnly)
                {
                    metadata = new StringDictionary();
                    for (int i = 0; i < _dbReader.FieldCount; i++)
                    {
                        string value = _dbReader.GetValue(i).ToString();
                        if (_dbReader.GetDataTypeName(i) == "DBTYPE_WVARCHAR")
                        {
                            // برای نمایش متون فارسی نیاز است
                            value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Encoding.GetEncoding(720).GetBytes(value));
                        }
                        metadata.Add(_dbReader.GetName(i),
                            value);
                    }
                }

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Catfood.Shapefile;

namespace EFGeoTests
{
    public class MapPoint
    {
        public Dictionary<string, string> Metadata { set; get; }
        public double X { set; get; }
        public double Y { set; get; }
    }

    public static class ShapeReader
    {
        public static IList<MapPoint> ReadShapeFile(string path)
        {
            var results = new List<MapPoint>();

            using (var shapefile = new Shapefile(path))
            {
                foreach (var shape in shapefile)
                {
                    if (shape.Type != ShapeType.Point)
                        continue;

                    var shapePoint = shape as ShapePoint;
                    if (shapePoint == null)
                        continue;


                     var metadataNames = shape.GetMetadataNames();
                    if(!metadataNames.Any())
                        continue;

                    var metadata = new Dictionary<string, string>();
                    foreach (var metadataName in metadataNames)
                    {
                        metadata.Add(metadataName,shape.GetMetadata(metadataName));
                    }

                    results.Add(new MapPoint
                    {
                        Metadata = metadata,
                        X = shapePoint.Point.X,
                        Y = shapePoint.Point.Y
                    });
                }
            }

            return results;
        }
    }
}

            var points = ShapeReader.ReadShapeFile("IranShapeFiles\\places.shp");
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
                context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
                context.Configuration.ValidateOnSaveEnabled = false;

                if (context.GeoLocations.Any())
                    return;

                foreach (var point in points)
                {
                    context.GeoLocations.Add(new GeoLocation
                    {
                        Name = point.Metadata["name"],
                        Type = point.Metadata["type"],
                        Location = createPoint(point.X, point.Y)
                    });
                }

                context.SaveChanges();
            }

            var tehran = createPoint(51.4179604, 35.6884243);

            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                // find any locations within 5 kilometers ordered by distance
                var locations = context.GeoLocations
                    .Where(loc => loc.Location.Distance(tehran) < 5000)
                    .OrderBy(loc => loc.Location.Distance(tehran))
                    .ToList();

                foreach (var location in locations)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(location.Name);
                }
            }

            var tehran = createPoint(51.4179604, 35.6884243);
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                // find any locations within 5 kilometers ordered by distance
                var tehranLocation = context.GeoLocations.FirstOrDefault(loc => loc.Location.SpatialEquals(tehran));
                if (tehranLocation != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(tehranLocation.Type);
                }
            }

 public int Sum(int a, int b)
{
     return a + b;
}

 public static IEnumerable SomeNumbers()
{
     yield return 3;
     yield return 5;
     yield return 8;
}

static void Main()
{
    foreach (int number in SomeNumbers())
    {
        Console.Write(number.ToString() + " ");
    }
    // Output: 3 5 8
    Console.ReadKey();
}

 public static IEnumerable SomeNumbers()
{
   yield return 3;
   yield return 5;
   yield return 8;
   yeild break;
}

static void Main()
{
  DaysOfTheWeek days = new DaysOfTheWeek();
  foreach (string day in days)
    {
        Console.Write(day + " ");
    }
    // Output: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
    Console.ReadKey();
}

public class DaysOfTheWeek : IEnumerable
{
  private string[] days = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };
  public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        for (int index = 0; index < days.Length; index++)
        {
            // Yield each day of the week. 
            yield return days[index];
        }
    }
}

#region Nivo Slider

   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSlider").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/nivo-slider.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderDefaultTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/default/default.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderDarkTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/dark/dark.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderLightTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/light/light.css"));
   bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/NivoSliderBarTheme").Include("~/Content/nivoSlider/themes/bar/bar.css"));
   bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/NivoSlider").Include("~/Scripts/jquery.nivo.slider.pack.js"));

#endregion

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
    @Styles.Render("~/Content/NivoSlider", "~/Content/NivoSliderDefaultTheme","~/Content/NivoSliderLightTheme")
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/NivoSlider")
</head>
<body>
    @RenderBody()
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

 public class NivoSliderHelper 
 {
        #region Fields

        private string _id = "nivo1";
        private List<NivoSliderItem> _models = null;
        private string _width = "100%";
        private NivoSliderTheme _theme = NivoSliderTheme.Default;
        private string _effect = "random"; // Specify sets like= 'fold;fade;sliceDown'
        private int _slices = 15; // For slice animations
        private int _boxCols = 8; // For box animations
        private int _boxRows = 4; // For box animations
        private int _animSpeed = 500; // Slide transition speed
        private int _pauseTime = 3000; // How long each slide will show
        private int _startSlide = 0; // Set starting Slide (0 index)
        private bool _directionNav = true; // Next & Prev navigation
        private bool _controlNav = true; // 1;2;3... navigation
        private bool _controlNavThumbs = false; // Use thumbnails for Control Nav
        private bool _pauseOnHover = true; // Stop animation while hovering
        private bool _manualAdvance = false; // Force manual transitions
        private string _prevText = "Prev"; // Prev directionNav text
        private string _nextText = "Next"; // Next directionNav text
        private bool _randomStart = false; // Start on a random slide
        private string _beforeChange = ""; // Triggers before a slide transition
        private string _afterChange = ""; // Triggers after a slide transition
        private string _slideshowEnd = ""; // Triggers after all slides have been shown
        private string _lastSlide = ""; // Triggers when last slide is shown
        private string _afterLoad = "";

        #endregion

        string makeParameters()
        {
            var builder = new StringBuilder();
            builder.Append("{");
            builder.Append(string.Format("effect:'{0}'", _effect));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",slices:{0}", _slices));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",boxCols:{0}", _boxCols));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",boxRows:{0}", _boxRows));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",animSpeed:{0}", _animSpeed));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",pauseTime:{0}", _pauseTime));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",startSlide:{0}", _startSlide));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",directionNav:{0}", _directionNav.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",controlNav:{0}", _controlNav.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",controlNavThumbs:{0}", _controlNavThumbs.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",pauseOnHover:{0}", _pauseOnHover.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",manualAdvance:{0}", _manualAdvance.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",prevText:'{0}'", _prevText));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",nextText:'{0}'", _nextText));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",randomStart:{0}", _randomStart.ToString().ToLower()));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",beforeChange:{0}", _beforeChange));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",afterChange:{0}", _afterChange));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",slideshowEnd:{0}", _slideshowEnd));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",lastSlide:{0}", _lastSlide));
            builder.AppendLine(string.Format(",afterLoad:{0}", _afterLoad));
            builder.Append("}");
            return builder.ToString();
        }
        public NivoSliderHelper (
            string id, 
            List<NivoSliderItem> models,
            string width = "100%", 
            NivoSliderTheme theme = NivoSliderTheme.Default,
            string effect = "random", 
            int slices = 15, 
            int boxCols = 8, 
            int boxRows = 4,
            int animSpeed = 500, 
            int pauseTime = 3000, 
            int startSlide = 0,
            bool directionNav = true, 
            bool controlNav = true,
            bool controlNavThumbs = false, 
            bool pauseOnHover = true, 
            bool manualAdvance = false,
            string prevText = "Prev",
            string nextText = "Next", 
            bool randomStart = false,
            string beforeChange = "function(){}", 
            string afterChange = "function(){}",
            string slideshowEnd = "function(){}", 
            string lastSlide = "function(){}", 
            string afterLoad = "function(){}")
        {
            _id = id;
            _models = models;
            _width = width;
            _theme = theme;
            _effect = effect;
            _slices = slices;
            _boxCols = boxCols;
            _boxRows = boxRows;
            _animSpeed = animSpeed;
            _pauseTime = pauseTime;
            _startSlide = startSlide;
            _directionNav = directionNav;
            _controlNav = controlNav;
            _controlNavThumbs = controlNavThumbs;
            _pauseOnHover = pauseOnHover;
            _manualAdvance = manualAdvance;
            _prevText = prevText;
            _nextText = nextText;
            _randomStart = randomStart;
            _beforeChange = beforeChange;
            _afterChange = afterChange;
            _slideshowEnd = slideshowEnd;
            _lastSlide = lastSlide;
            _afterLoad = afterLoad;
        }
        public IHtmlString GetHtml()
        {
            var thm = "theme-" + _theme.ToString().ToLower();
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.AppendLine("<div style='width:" + _width + ";height:auto;margin:0px auto' class='" + thm + "'>");
            sb.AppendLine("<div id='" + _id + "' class='nivoSlider'>");
            foreach (var model in _models)
            {
                string img = string.Format("<img src='{0}' alt='{1}' title='{2}' />", model.ImageFilePath, "", model.Caption);
                string item = "";
                if (model.LinkUrl.Trim().Length > 0 &&
                    Uri.IsWellFormedUriString(model.LinkUrl, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute))
                {
                    item = string.Format("<a href='{0}'>{1}</a>", model.LinkUrl, img);
                }
                else
                {
                    item = img;
                }
                sb.AppendLine(item);
            }
            sb.AppendLine("</div>");
            sb.AppendLine("</div>");

            sb.AppendLine("<script type='text/javascript'>");
            //sb.AppendLine("$('#" + _id + "').parent().ready(function () {");
            sb.Append("$(document).ready(function(){");
            sb.AppendLine("$('#" + _id + "').nivoSlider(" + makeParameters() + ");");
            //sb.AppendLine("$('.nivo-controlNav a').empty();");//semi hack for rtl layout
            //sb.AppendLine("$('#" + _id + "').nivoSlider();");
            sb.AppendLine("});");
            sb.AppendLine("</script>");

            return new HtmlString(sb.ToString());
        }
    }

    public enum NivoSliderTheme
    {
        Default, Light, Dark, Bar,
    }

    public class NivoSliderItem
    {
        public string ImageFilePath { get; set; }
        public string Caption { get; set; }
        public string LinkUrl { get; set; }
    }

 public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        public virtual ActionResult NivoSlider()
        {
            var models = new List<NivoSliderItem>
            {
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img1.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان اول",
                        LinkUrl = "http://www.google.com",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img2.jpg"),
                        Caption = "#htmlcaption",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img3.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان سوم",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img4.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان چهارم",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    },
                new NivoSliderItem()
                    {
                        ImageFilePath =Url.Content("~/Images/img5.jpg"),
                        Caption = "عنوان پنجم",
                        LinkUrl = "",
                    }
            };
            return PartialView("_NivoSlider", models);
        }
    }

    public class Person
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
    }

    public class PersonWithCtor
    {
        public PersonWithCtor(string firstName)
        {
            this.FirstName = firstName;
        }

        public string FirstName { get; set; }
    }

Person person = new Person();

var person = new Person();

Person person = new();

Person person = new("User 1");

var personList = new List<Person>
        {
            new ("User 1"),
            new ("User 2"),
            // ...
        };

public void Adopt(Person p)
{
    //...
}

public void CallerMethod()
{
    this.Adopt(new Person("User 1"));
    // C# 9.0
    this.Adopt(new("User 1"));
}

XmlReader.Create(reader, new XmlReaderSettings() { IgnoreWhitespace = true });
// C# 9.0
XmlReader.Create(reader, new() { IgnoreWhitespace = true });

Person person = new
{
   FirstName = "User 2"
};

Person person = new()
{
   FirstName = "User 2"
};

private ConcurrentDictionary<string, ObservableList<Cat>> _catsBefore = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, ObservableList<Cat>>();

private ConcurrentDictionary<string, ObservableList<Cat>> _cats = new(); // C# 9.0

public ObservableCollection<Friend> Friends { get; } = new();

public interface IAnimal
{
}

public class Dog : IAnimal
{
}

public class Cat : IAnimal
{
}

Cat cat = null;
Dog dog = new();
IAnimal animal = cat ?? dog;

(int a, int b) t = new(1, 2); // "new" is redundant

(int a, int b) t = new(); // OK; same as (0, 0)