int x = "5";

using System.IO;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC4Basic.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        const int AMonth = 30 * 86400;

        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));
            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }
    }
}

 <img src="@Url.Action("GetImage","Home", new { name = "test.png"})"/>

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Response Headers
Cache-Control:public, max-age=2591916
Expires:Sat, 31 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT
Last-Modified:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK (from cache)

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC4Basic.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        const int AMonth = 30 * 86400;

        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));

            var lastWriteTime = System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(path);
            this.Response.Cache.SetLastModified(lastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime());

            var header = this.Request.Headers["If-Modified-Since"];
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(header))
            {
                DateTime isModifiedSince;
                if (DateTime.TryParse(header, out isModifiedSince) && isModifiedSince > lastWriteTime)
                {
                    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.NotModified);
                }
            }

            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }
    }
}

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 13:43:32 GMT

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public sealed class SetIfModifiedSinceAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public string Parameter { set; get; }
        public string BasePath { set; get; }

        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            var response = filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Response;
            var request = filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request;

            var path = getPath(filterContext);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
            {
                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
                return;
            }

            var lastWriteTime = File.GetLastWriteTime(path);
            response.Cache.SetLastModified(lastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime());

            var header = request.Headers["If-Modified-Since"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(header)) return;
            DateTime isModifiedSince;
            if (DateTime.TryParse(header, out isModifiedSince) && isModifiedSince > lastWriteTime)
            {
                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotModified;
                response.SuppressContent = true;
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
            }
        }

        string getPath(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            if (!filterContext.ActionParameters.ContainsKey(Parameter)) return string.Empty;
            var name = filterContext.ActionParameters[Parameter] as string;
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name)) return string.Empty;

            var path = Path.GetFileName(name);
            path = filterContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath(string.Format("{0}/{1}", BasePath, path));
            return !File.Exists(path) ? string.Empty : path;
        }
    }

        [SetIfModifiedSince(Parameter = "name", BasePath = "~/app_data/images/")]
        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));
            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }

// Only used by EF Tooling
        public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args)
        {
            return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder()
                .ConfigureAppConfiguration((ctx, cfg) =>
                {
                    cfg.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
                        .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true) // require the json file!
                        .AddEnvironmentVariables();
                })
                .ConfigureLogging((ctx, logging) => { }) // No logging
                .UseStartup()
                .UseSetting("DesignTime", "true")
                .Build();
        }

UseSetting("DesignTime", "true")

if (_config["DesignTime"] != "true")
{
  using (var scope = app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope())
  {
    var initializer = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<YourSampleDataInitializer>();
    initializer.RunAsync().Wait();
  }
}

public class BloggingContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<BloggingContext>
    {
        public BloggingContext Create(string[] args)
        {
            var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<BloggingContext>();
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlite("Data Source=blog.db");

            return new BloggingContext(optionsBuilder.Options);
        }
    }

public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            BuildWebHost(args).Run();
        }

        public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
            WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseStartup<Startup>()
                .Build();

public class MvcActionViewModel
{
    public string ControllerName { get; set; }
 
    public string ActionName { get; set; }
 
    public string AreaName { get; set; } 
}

public interface IMvcActionsDiscoveryService
{
    ICollection<MvcActionViewModel> MvcActions { get; }
}
 
public class MvcActionsDiscoveryService : IMvcActionsDiscoveryService
{
    public MvcActionsDiscoveryService(IActionDescriptorCollectionProvider actionDescriptorCollectionProvider)
    {
        var actionDescriptors = actionDescriptorCollectionProvider.ActionDescriptors.Items;
        foreach (var actionDescriptor in actionDescriptors)
        {
            var descriptor = actionDescriptor as ControllerActionDescriptor;
            if (descriptor == null)
            {
                continue;
            }
 
            var controllerTypeInfo = descriptor.ControllerTypeInfo;
            var actionMethodInfo = descriptor.MethodInfo;
            MvcActions.Add(new MvcActionViewModel
            {
                ControllerName = descriptor.ControllerName,
                ActionName = descriptor.ActionName,
                AreaName = controllerTypeInfo.GetCustomAttribute<AreaAttribute>()?.RouteValue
            });
        }
    }
 
    public ICollection<MvcActionViewModel> MvcActions { get; } = new HashSet<MvcActionViewModel>(); 
}

public static class MvcActionsDiscoveryServiceExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddMvcActionsDiscoveryService(this IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddSingleton<IMvcActionsDiscoveryService, MvcActionsDiscoveryService>();
        return services;
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvcActionsDiscoveryService();
}

using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
using UAParser;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.Services;

/// <summary>
///     To invalidate an old user's token from a new device
/// </summary>
public class DeviceDetectionService : IDeviceDetectionService
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
    private readonly ISecurityService _securityService;

    public DeviceDetectionService(ISecurityService securityService, IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
    {
        _securityService = securityService ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(securityService));
        _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpContextAccessor));
    }

    public string GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetails() => GetDeviceDetails(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext);

    public string GetDeviceDetails(HttpContext context)
    {
        var ua = GetUserAgent(context);
        if (ua is null)
        {
            return "unknown";
        }

        var client = Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
        var deviceInfo = client.Device.Family;
        var browserInfo = $"{client.UA.Family}, {client.UA.Major}.{client.UA.Minor}";
        var osInfo = $"{client.OS.Family}, {client.OS.Major}.{client.OS.Minor}";
        //TODO: Add the user's IP address here, if it's a banking system.
        return $"{deviceInfo}, {browserInfo}, {osInfo}";
    }

    public string GetDeviceDetailsHash(HttpContext context) =>
        _securityService.GetSha256Hash(GetDeviceDetails(context));

    public string GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash() => GetDeviceDetailsHash(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext);

    public string GetCurrentUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash() =>
        GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity);

    public string GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(ClaimsIdentity claimsIdentity)
    {
        if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
        {
            return null;
        }

        return claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.System)?.Value;
    }

    public bool HasCurrentUserTokenValidDeviceDetails() =>
        HasUserTokenValidDeviceDetails(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity);

    public bool HasUserTokenValidDeviceDetails(ClaimsIdentity claimsIdentity) =>
        string.Equals(GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash(), GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(claimsIdentity),
                      StringComparison.Ordinal);

    private static string GetUserAgent(HttpContext context)
    {
        if (context is null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        return context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue(HeaderNames.UserAgent, out var userAgent)
                   ? userAgent.ToString()
                   : null;
    }
}

    public string GetDeviceDetails(HttpContext context)
    {
        var ua = GetUserAgent(context);
        if (ua is null)
        {
            return "unknown";
        }

        var client = Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
        var deviceInfo = client.Device.Family;
        var browserInfo = $"{client.UA.Family}, {client.UA.Major}.{client.UA.Minor}";
        var osInfo = $"{client.OS.Family}, {client.OS.Major}.{client.OS.Minor}";
        //TODO: Add the user's IP address here, if it's a banking system.
        return $"{deviceInfo}, {browserInfo}, {osInfo}";
    }

new(ClaimTypes.System, _deviceDetectionService.GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash(),
ClaimValueTypes.String, _configuration.Value.Issuer),

.AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
      cfg.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
      {
           OnTokenValidated = context =>
           {
               var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
              return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
           },
       };
  });

.AddCookie(options =>
{
    options.Events = new CookieAuthenticationEvents
    {
       OnValidatePrincipal = context =>
       {
         var cookieValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ICookieValidatorService>();
         return cookieValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
       }
    };
});

{
    "dependencies": {
         //same as before  
         "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json": "1.0.0"
    },

{
    "Key1": "Value1",
    "Auth": {
        "Users": [ "Test1", "Test2", "Test3" ]
    },
    "Logging": {
        "IncludeScopes": false,
        "LogLevel": {
            "Default": "Debug",
            "System": "Information",
            "Microsoft": "Information"
        }
    }
}

<appSettings>
   <add key="Logging-IncludeScopes" value="false" />
   <add key="Logging-Level-Default" value="verbose" />
   <add key="Logging-Level-System" value="Information" />
   <add key="Logging-Level-Microsoft" value="Information" />
</appSettings>

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }
 
    public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                            .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
                            .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");
        Configuration = builder.Build();
    }

var key1 = Configuration["Key1"];
var user1 = Configuration["Auth:Users:0"];
var authUsers = Configuration.GetSection("Auth:Users").GetChildren().Select(x => x.Value).ToArray();
var loggingIncludeScopes = Configuration["Logging:IncludeScopes"];
var loggingLoggingLogLevelDefault = Configuration["Logging:LogLevel:Default"];

 var val = Configuration.GetValue<int>("key-name", defaultValue: 10);

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }

var container = new Container();
container.Configure(config =>
{
    config.For<IConfigurationRoot>().Singleton().Use(() => Configuration);

{ 
    "dependencies": {
        //same as before 
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions": "1.0.0"
    }

public interface IMessagesService
{
    string GetSiteName();
}
 
public class MessagesService : IMessagesService
{
    private readonly IConfigurationRoot _configurationRoot;
 
    public MessagesService(IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot)
    {
        _configurationRoot = configurationRoot;
    }
 
    public string GetSiteName()
    {
        var key1 = _configurationRoot["Key1"];
        return $"DNT {key1}";
    }
}

public void Configure(
    IApplicationBuilder app,
    IHostingEnvironment env,
    IMessagesService messagesService)
{ 
    app.Run(async context =>
    {
        var siteName = messagesService.GetSiteName();
        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Hello {siteName}");
    });
}

var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                    .AddInMemoryCollection(new[]
                                {
                                    new KeyValuePair<string,string>("the-key", "the-value"),
                                });

 var theValue = Configuration["the-key"];

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }
 
    public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                            .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
                            .AddInMemoryCollection(new[]
                                {
                                    new KeyValuePair<string,string>("the-key", "the-value"),
                                })
                            .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", reloadOnChange: true, optional: false)
                            .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env}.json", optional: true);
        Configuration = builder.Build();
    }

 var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
.AddEnvironmentVariables();

{
    "Key1": "Value1",
    "Auth": {
        "Users": [ "Test1", "Test2", "Test3" ]
    },
    "Logging": {
        "IncludeScopes": false,
        "LogLevel": {
            "Default": "Debug",
            "System": "Information",
            "Microsoft": "Information"
        }
    },
    "Smtp": {
        "Server": "0.0.0.1",
        "User": "user@company.com",
        "Pass": "123456789",
        "Port": "25"
    }
}

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels
{
    public class SmtpConfig
    {
        public string Server { get; set; }
        public string User { get; set; }
        public string Pass { get; set; }
        public int Port { get; set; }
    }
}

{
    "dependencies": {
        // same as before        
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels": "1.0.0-*"
    },

public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.Configure<SmtpConfig>(options => Configuration.GetSection("Smtp").Bind(options));

    "dependencies": {
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels": "1.0.0-*",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions": "1.0.0",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Options": "1.0.0",
        "NETStandard.Library": "1.6.0"
    }

public interface IMessagesService
{
    string GetSiteName();
}
 
public class MessagesService : IMessagesService
{
    private readonly IConfigurationRoot _configurationRoot;
    private readonly IOptions<SmtpConfig> _settings;
 
    public MessagesService(IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot, IOptions<SmtpConfig> settings)
    {
        _configurationRoot = configurationRoot;
        _settings = settings;
    }
 
    public string GetSiteName()
    {
        var key1 = _configurationRoot["Key1"];
        var server = _settings.Value.Server;
        return $"DNT {key1} - {server}";
    }
}

 .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)

var x;
var n = 12;
var obj = {};
var fn = function () { };
var a = new Array();

alert(typeof x);        // "undefined"
alert(typeof n);        // "number"
alert(typeof obj);     // "object"
alert(typeof fn);       // "function"
alert(typeof a);        // "object"

result = variable instanceof constructor

var a = new Array();
alert(a instanceof Array); // true
alert(a instanceof Object);   // true
alert(a instanceof Date); // false

var person = {
    name: "Meysam",
    age: 33,
    sayInfo: function () {
        alert(name + ":" + age);
    }
};

for (var i in person) 
    alert(i + " => " + person[i]);

     name => Meysam

    age => 33

    sayInfo => function() {
        alert(name + ":" + age);
    }

alert("name" in person); // true
alert("sayInfo" in person); // true
alert("birth" in person); // false

var person = {
    name: "Meysam",
    age: 33,
    sayInfo: function () {
        alert(name + ":" + age);
    }
};

alert("sayInfo" in person); // true
delete person.sayInfo;
alert("sayInfo" in person); // false

var obj = {};
var a = new Array();
var x = 10;

alert(obj.constructor);
alert(obj.constructor === Object);
alert(typeof obj.constructor);
alert(a.constructor);
alert(x.constructor);

    function Object() { [native code] }
    true
    function
    function Array() { [native code] }
    function Number() { [native code] }