private class OperationContainerExtension : IExtension<OperationContext>
        {
            public OperationContainerExtension( IDatabaseContext dbContext, string contextKey )
            {
                this.CurrentDbContext = dbContext;
                this.ContextKey = contextKey;
            }

            public IDatabaseContext CurrentDbContext
            {
                get;
                private set;
            }

            public string ContextKey
            {
                get;
                private set;
            }

            public void Attach( OperationContext owner )
            {
            }

            public void Detach( OperationContext owner )
            {
            }
        }

 if ( OperationContext.Current != null )
            {
                OperationContext.Current.Extensions.Add( new OperationContainerExtension( dbContext , CONTEXTKEY ) );
                OperationContext.Current.OperationCompleted += CurrentOperationContext_OperationCompleted;
                 OperationContext.Current.Channel.Faulted += Channel_Faulted; 
             }

void Channel_Faulted( object sender, EventArgs e )
        {
            IDatabaseContext dbContext = GetDbContext();
            if ( dbContext != null )
            {
                dbContext.Dispose();
                GC.Collect();
            }
        }

        private void CurrentOperationContext_OperationCompleted( object sender, EventArgs e )
        {
            IDatabaseContext dbContext = GetDbContext();
            if ( dbContext != null )
            {
                dbContext.Dispose();
                GC.Collect();
            }
        }

protected override IDatabaseContext GetDbContext()
        {
            if ( OperationContext.Current != null )
            {
                var operationContainerExtension = OperationContext.Current.Extensions.OfType<OperationContainerExtension>().FirstOrDefault( e => e.ContextKey == CONTEXTKEY );
                if ( operationContainerExtension != null )
                {
                    return operationContainerExtension.CurrentDbContext;
                }
                return staticDbContext;
            }
            else
                return staticDbContext;
        }

private string CONTEXTKEY = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

> create-react-app sample-02
> cd sample-02
> npm start

./src/index.js
  Line 14:15:  'i' is not defined  no-undef

Search for the keywords to learn more about each error.

 const x = 1;
x = 2; // Attempting to override 'x' which is a constant.
 

const person = {
  name: "User 1",
  walk: function() {}, // method
  talk() {} // concise method
};

const person = {
  name: "User 1",
  walk() {},
  talk() {}
};

person.talk();
person.name = "User 3";
person["name"] = "User 2";

const targetMember = "name";
person[targetMember] = "User 2";

const person = {
  name: "User 1",
  walk() {
    console.log(this);
  },
  talk() {}
};

person.walk();

const walk = person.walk;
console.log(walk);

const walk2 = person.walk.bind(person);
console.log(walk2);
walk2();

const square = function(number) {
  return number * number;
};

const square2 = (number) => {
  return number * number;
};

const square2 = number => {
  return number * number;
};

const square3 = number => number * number;
console.log(square3(5));

var activeJobs = jobs.filter(function(job) {
  return job.isActive;
});

var activeJobs2 = jobs.filter(job => job.isActive);

const user = {
  name: "User 1",
  talk() {
    console.log(this);
  }
};
user.talk();

const user = {
  name: "User 1",
  talk() {
    setTimeout(function() {
      console.log(this);
    }, 1000);
  }
};
user.talk();

const user2 = {
  name: "User 2",
  talk() {
    var self = this;
    setTimeout(function() {
      console.log(self);
    }, 1000);
  }
};
user2.talk();

const user3 = {
  name: "User 3",
  talk() {
    setTimeout(() => console.log(this), 1000);
  }
};
user3.talk();

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
using CrMap.Models;

namespace CrMap.ViewModels
{
    public class CrMapViewModel
    {
        public IList<Symbol> Symbols { set; get; }
        public int GridRows { set; get; }
        public int GridCols { set; get; }

        public CrMapViewModel()
        {
            fillDataSource();
        }

        private void fillDataSource()
        {
            Symbols = new List<Symbol>();
            GridCols = 15;

            var fontFamily = new FontFamily(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/"), "/Fonts/#whhglyphs");

            GlyphTypeface glyph = null;
            Typeface glyphTypeface = null;
            foreach (var typeface in fontFamily.GetTypefaces())
            {
                if (typeface.TryGetGlyphTypeface(out glyph) && (glyph != null))
                {
                    glyphTypeface = typeface;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (glyph == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't find a GlyphTypeface.");

            GridRows = (glyph.CharacterToGlyphMap.Count / GridCols) + 1;

            foreach (var item in glyph.CharacterToGlyphMap)
            {
                var index = item.Key;
                Symbols.Add(new Symbol
                {
                    Character = Convert.ToChar(index),
                    CharacterCode = string.Format("&#x{0:X}", index)
                });

                saveToFile(glyphTypeface, index);
            }
        }

        private static void saveToFile(Typeface glyphTypeface, int index)
        {
            var formattedText = new FormattedText(
                                        textToFormat: Convert.ToChar(index).ToString(),
                                        culture: new CultureInfo("en-us"),
                                        flowDirection: FlowDirection.LeftToRight,
                                        typeface: glyphTypeface,
                                        emSize: 20,
                                        foreground: Brushes.Black);
            var geometry = formattedText.BuildGeometry(new Point(0, 0));
            var path = geometry.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();
            File.WriteAllText(index + ".path", path.ToString());
        }
    }
}

 F1M5,7.47150993347168L5,17.2566661834717 5.732421875,19.0242443084717 7.5,19.7566661834717
12.5,19.7566661834717 13.69140625,19.4441661834717 5,7.47150993347168z
M7.5,4.75666618347168L6.30859375,5.06916618347168 15,17.0418224334717
15,7.25666618347168 14.267578125,5.48908805847168 12.5,4.75666618347168
7.5,4.75666618347168z M7.5,2.25666618347168L12.5,2.25666618347168
14.4189453125,2.62287712097168 16.03515625,3.72150993347168 17.1337890625,5.33772134780884
17.5,7.25666618347168 17.5,17.2566661834717 17.1337890625,19.1756114959717
16.03515625,20.7918224334717 14.4189453125,21.8904552459717 12.5,22.2566661834717
7.5,22.2566661834717 5.5810546875,21.8904552459717 3.96484375,20.7918224334717
2.8662109375,19.1756114959717 2.5,17.2566661834717 2.5,7.25666618347168 2.8662109375,5.33772134780884
3.96484375,3.72150993347168 5.5810546875,2.62287712097168 7.5,2.25666618347168z

<Path Stroke="DarkRed" Fill="Black" Data="F1M5,7.47150993347168L5,17.2566661834717
              5.732421875,19.0242443084717 7.5,19.7566661834717 12.5,19.7566661834717 13.69140625,19.4441661834717 
              5,7.47150993347168z M7.5,4.75666618347168L6.30859375,5.06916618347168 15,17.0418224334717 
              15,7.25666618347168 14.267578125,5.48908805847168 12.5,4.75666618347168 7.5,4.75666618347168z 
              M7.5,2.25666618347168L12.5,2.25666618347168 14.4189453125,2.62287712097168 
              16.03515625,3.72150993347168 17.1337890625,5.33772134780884 17.5,7.25666618347168 
              17.5,17.2566661834717 17.1337890625,19.1756114959717 16.03515625,20.7918224334717 
              14.4189453125,21.8904552459717 12.5,22.2566661834717 7.5,22.2566661834717 
              5.5810546875,21.8904552459717 3.96484375,20.7918224334717 2.8662109375,19.1756114959717 
              2.5,17.2566661834717 2.5,7.25666618347168 2.8662109375,5.33772134780884 
              3.96484375,3.72150993347168 
              5.5810546875,2.62287712097168 7.5,2.25666618347168z" />

using System;
using Stateless;

namespace StatelessTests
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                string on = "On", off = "Off";
                var space = ' ';

                var onOffSwitch = new StateMachine<string, char>(initialState: off);

                onOffSwitch.Configure(state: off).Permit(trigger: space, destinationState: on);
                onOffSwitch.Configure(state: on).Permit(trigger: space, destinationState: off);

                Console.WriteLine("Press <space> to toggle the switch. Any other key will raise an error.");

                while (true)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Switch is in state: " + onOffSwitch.State);
                    var pressed = Console.ReadKey(true).KeyChar;
                    onOffSwitch.Fire(trigger: pressed);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
                Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue...");
                Console.ReadKey(true);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class StateMachine<TState, TTrigger>

<statemachine xmlns="http://statelessdesigner.codeplex.com/Schema">
  <settings>
    <itemname>BlogPostStateMachine</itemname>
    <namespace>StatelessTests</namespace>
    <class>public</class>
  </settings>
  <triggers>     
    <trigger>Save</trigger>
    <trigger>RequireEdit</trigger>
    <trigger>Accept</trigger>
    <trigger>Reject</trigger>
  </triggers>
  <states>     
    <state start="yes">Begin</state>
    <state>InProgress</state>     
    <state>Published</state>      
    <state>Rejected</state>      
  </states>
  <transitions>
    <transition trigger="Save" from="Begin" to="InProgress" />

    <transition trigger="Accept" from="InProgress" to="Published" />
    <transition trigger="Reject" from="InProgress" to="Rejected" />

    <transition trigger="Save" from="InProgress" to="InProgress" />

    <transition trigger="RequireEdit" from="Published" to="InProgress" />
    <transition trigger="RequireEdit" from="Rejected" to="InProgress" />
  </transitions>
</statemachine>

using Stateless;

namespace StatelessTests
{
  public class BlogPostStateMachine
  {
    public delegate void UnhandledTriggerDelegate(State state, Trigger trigger);
    public delegate void EntryExitDelegate();
    public delegate bool GuardClauseDelegate();

    public enum Trigger
    {
      Save,
      RequireEdit,
      Accept,
      Reject,
    }

    public enum State
    {
      Begin,
      InProgress,
      Published,
      Rejected,
    }

    private readonly StateMachine<State, Trigger> stateMachine = null;

    public EntryExitDelegate OnBeginEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnBeginExit = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnInProgressEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnInProgressExit = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnPublishedEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnPublishedExit = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnRejectedEntry = null;
    public EntryExitDelegate OnRejectedExit = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = null;
    public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = null;
    public UnhandledTriggerDelegate OnUnhandledTrigger = null;

    public BlogPost()
    {
      stateMachine = new StateMachine<State, Trigger>(State.Begin);
      stateMachine.Configure(State.Begin)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnBeginEntry != null) OnBeginEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnBeginExit != null) OnBeginExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.Save, State.InProgress , () => { if (GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave != null) return GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.Configure(State.InProgress)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnInProgressEntry != null) OnInProgressEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnInProgressExit != null) OnInProgressExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.Accept, State.Published , () => { if (GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept != null) return GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept(); return true; } )
        .PermitIf(Trigger.Reject, State.Rejected , () => { if (GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject != null) return GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject(); return true; } )
        .PermitReentryIf(Trigger.Save , () => { if (GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave != null) return GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.Configure(State.Published)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnPublishedEntry != null) OnPublishedEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnPublishedExit != null) OnPublishedExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.RequireEdit, State.InProgress , () => { if (GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit != null) return GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.Configure(State.Rejected)
        .OnEntry(() => { if (OnRejectedEntry != null) OnRejectedEntry(); })
        .OnExit(() => { if (OnRejectedExit != null) OnRejectedExit(); })
        .PermitIf(Trigger.RequireEdit, State.InProgress , () => { if (GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit != null) return GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit(); return true; } )
      ;
      stateMachine.OnUnhandledTrigger((state, trigger) => { if (OnUnhandledTrigger != null) OnUnhandledTrigger(state, trigger); });
    }

    public bool TryFireTrigger(Trigger trigger)
    {
      if (!stateMachine.CanFire(trigger))
      {
        return false;
      }
      stateMachine.Fire(trigger);
      return true;
    }

    public State GetState
    {
      get
      {
        return stateMachine.State;
      }
    }
  }
}

namespace StatelessTests
{
    public class BlogPostManager
    {
        private BlogPostStateMachine _stateMachine;
        public BlogPostManager()
        {
            configureWorkflow();
        }

        private void configureWorkflow()
        {
            _stateMachine = new BlogPostStateMachine();

            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromBeginToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = () => { return UserCanPost; };
            _stateMachine.OnBeginExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to admin */ };

            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromInProgressToPublishedUsingTriggerAccept = () => { return UserIsAdmin; };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromInProgressToRejectedUsingTriggerReject = () => { return UserIsAdmin; };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromInProgressToInProgressUsingTriggerSave = () => { return UserHasEditRights; };
            _stateMachine.OnInProgressExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to user */ };

            _stateMachine.OnPublishedExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to admin */ };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromPublishedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = () => { return UserHasEditRights; };

            _stateMachine.OnRejectedExit = () => { /* save data + save state + send an email to admin */ };
            _stateMachine.GuardClauseFromRejectedToInProgressUsingTriggerRequireEdit = () => { return UserHasEditRights; };
        }

        public bool UserIsAdmin
        {
            get
            {
                return true; // TODO: Evaluate if user is an admin.
            }
        }

        public bool UserCanPost
        {
            get
            {
                return true; // TODO: Evaluate if user is authenticated
            }
        }

        public bool UserHasEditRights
        {
            get
            {
                return true; // TODO: Evaluate if user is owner or admin
            }
        }

        // User actions
        public void Save() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.Save); }
        public void RequireEdit() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.RequireEdit); }

        // Admin actions        
        public void Accept() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.Accept); }
        public void Reject() { _stateMachine.TryFireTrigger(BlogPostStateMachine.Trigger.Reject); }
    }
}

// ...

@*@attribute [Authorize]*@


@code
{
    [CascadingParameter] public Task<AuthenticationState> AuthenticationState { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        var authenticationState = await AuthenticationState;
        if (!authenticationState.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
        {
            var uri = new Uri(NavigationManager.Uri);
            NavigationManager.NavigateTo($"/identity/account/login?returnUrl={uri.LocalPath}");
        }
        // ...

namespace BlazorServer.Common
{
    public static class ConstantRoles
    {
        public const string Admin = nameof(Admin);
        public const string Customer = nameof(Customer);
        public const string Employee = nameof(Employee);
    }
}

{
  "AdminUserSeed": {
    "UserName": "vahid@dntips.ir",
    "Password": "123@456#Pass",
    "Email": "vahid@dntips.ir"
  }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class AdminUserSeed
    {
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddOptions<AdminUserSeed>().Bind(Configuration.GetSection("AdminUserSeed"));
            // ...

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BlazorServer.Common;
using BlazorServer.DataAccess;
using BlazorServer.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class IdentityDbInitializer : IIdentityDbInitializer
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        private readonly UserManager<IdentityUser> _userManager;
        private readonly RoleManager<IdentityRole> _roleManager;
        private readonly IOptions<AdminUserSeed> _adminUserSeedOptions;

        public IdentityDbInitializer(
            ApplicationDbContext dbContext,
            UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager,
            RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager,
            IOptions<AdminUserSeed> adminUserSeedOptions)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
            _roleManager = roleManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(roleManager));
            _userManager = userManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userManager));
            _adminUserSeedOptions = adminUserSeedOptions ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(adminUserSeedOptions));
        }

        public async Task SeedDatabaseWithAdminUserAsync()
        {
            if (_dbContext.Roles.Any(role => role.Name == ConstantRoles.Admin))
            {
                return;
            }

            await _roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(ConstantRoles.Admin));
            await _roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(ConstantRoles.Customer));
            await _roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(ConstantRoles.Employee));

            await _userManager.CreateAsync(
                new IdentityUser
                {
                    UserName = _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.UserName,
                    Email = _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.Email,
                    EmailConfirmed = true
                },
                _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.Password);

            var user = await _dbContext.Users.FirstAsync(u => u.Email == _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.Email);
            await _userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, ConstantRoles.Admin);
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IIdentityDbInitializer, IdentityDbInitializer>();
            // ...

using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Polly;

namespace BlazorServer.DataAccess.Utils
{
    public static class MigrationHelpers
    {
        public static void MigrateDbContext<TContext>(
                this IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                Action<IServiceProvider> postMigrationAction
                ) where TContext : DbContext
        {
            using var scope = serviceProvider.CreateScope();
            var scopedServiceProvider = scope.ServiceProvider;
            var logger = scopedServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ILogger<TContext>>();
            using var context = scopedServiceProvider.GetService<TContext>();

            logger.LogInformation($"Migrating the DB associated with the context {typeof(TContext).Name}");

            var retry = Policy.Handle<Exception>().WaitAndRetry(new[]
                {
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15)
                });

            retry.Execute(() =>
                {
                    context.Database.Migrate();
                    postMigrationAction(scopedServiceProvider);
                });

            logger.LogInformation($"Migrated the DB associated with the context {typeof(TContext).Name}");
        }
    }
}

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();
    host.Services.MigrateDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(
     scopedServiceProvider =>
            scopedServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<IIdentityDbInitializer>()
                                 .SeedDatabaseWithAdminUserAsync()
                                 .GetAwaiter()
                                 .GetResult()
    );
    host.Run();
}

@attribute [Authorize(Roles = ConstantRoles.Admin)]

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        var authenticationState = await AuthenticationState;
        if (!authenticationState.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated ||
            !authenticationState.User.IsInRole(ConstantRoles.Admin))
        {
            var uri = new Uri(NavigationManager.Uri);
            NavigationManager.NavigateTo($"/identity/account/login?returnUrl={uri.LocalPath}");
        }

 <ListBox Grid.Row="3" Name="MyListBox" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10"  Height="80" >
               <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <WrapPanel>
                            <Image Width="24" Height="24" Source="{Binding Flag}"></Image>
                            <TextBlock Padding="5 5 0 0" Text="{Binding Name}"></TextBlock>
                        </WrapPanel>
                    </DataTemplate>
               </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            </ListBox>

   public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            person = Person.GetPerson();
            DataContext = person;

            //خط جدید
            MyListBox.ItemsSource = new Country().GetCountries();
        }

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            person = Person.GetPerson();
            DataContext = person;

            //خط جدید
            MyListBox.DataContext = new Country().GetCountries();
            MyListBox.SetBinding(ItemsControl.ItemsSourceProperty, new Binding());
        }

پی نوشت : روش‌های دیگر بایند کردن همچون استفاده از منابع یا ریسورس‌ها یا استفاده از ViewModel‌ها هم هستند که در آینده در مورد آن‌ها بیشتر صحبت خواهیم کرد.

 public int Country { get; set; }
 public Country Country { get; set; }

<ListBox Grid.Row="3" Name="MyListBox" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10"  Height="80" SelectedValuePath="Id" SelectedValue="{Binding Country}"  >               
<ListBox Grid.Row="3" Name="MyListBox" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10"  Height="80" SelectedValuePath="Id" SelectedValue="{Binding Country.Id}"  >