• NotNull/NotEmpty
  
• Matches 
  
• InclusiveBetween 
  
• CreditCard 
  
• Email 
  
• EqualTo 
  
• Length 

public ActionResult Save([CustomizeValidator(RuleSet="MyRuleset")] Customer cust) {
  // ...
}

public interface IValidatorFactory {
   IValidator<T> GetValidator<T>();
   IValidator GetValidator(Type type);
}

ObjectFactory.Configure(cfg => cfg.AddRegistry(new MyRegistry()));
 
public class MyRegistry : Registry {
    public MyRegistry() {
        For<IValidator<Person>>()
    .Singleton()
    .Use<PersonValidator>();
    }
}

public class MyRegistry : Registry {
   public MyRegistry() {
 
     AssemblyScanner.FindValidatorsInAssemblyContaining<MyValidator>()
       .ForEach(result => {
            For(result.InterfaceType)
               .Singleton()
               .Use(result.ValidatorType);
       });
   }
}

protected void Application_Start() {
    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
 
    //Configure structuremap
    ObjectFactory.Configure(cfg => cfg.AddRegistry(new MyRegistry()));
    ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new StructureMapControllerFactory());
 
    //Configure FV to use StructureMap
    var factory = new StructureMapValidatorFactory();
 
    //Tell MVC to use FV for validation
    ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Add(new FluentValidationModelValidatorProvider(factory));        
    DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider.AddImplicitRequiredAttributeForValueTypes = false;
}

public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
        {
            if (!_memoryCache.TryGetValue("OnlineUsers", out Dictionary<string,DateTime> onlineUsers))
            {
                onlineUsers = new Dictionary<string, DateTime>();
                _memoryCache.Set("OnlineUsers", onlineUsers , new MemoryCacheEntryOptions() { AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10) });
            }
            if (context.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                var name = context.User.Identity.Name;
                if (name != null)
                {
                    if (onlineUsers.ContainsKey(name))
                        onlineUsers[name] = DateTime.Now;
                    else
                        onlineUsers.Add(name, DateTime.Now);
                }

            }


            await _next(context);
        }

public class Category : IAuditableEntity
{
    public int Id { get; set; }

    public Category()
    {
        Products = new HashSet<Product>();
    }
        
    public DateTime? CreatedDateTime { get; set; } //Here

    public string Name { get; set; }

    public string Title { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

if
   if
     if
       if
         do something
       endif
     endif
   endif
 endif

namespace Refactoring.Day9.RemoveArrowhead.Before
{
    public class Role
    {
        public string RoleName { set; get; }
        public string UserName { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace Refactoring.Day9.RemoveArrowhead.Before
{
    public class RoleRepository
    {
        private IList<Role> _rolesList = new List<Role>();

        public IEnumerable<Role> Roles { get { return _rolesList; } }

        public void AddRole(string username, string roleName)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(roleName))
            {
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(username))
                {
                    if (!IsInRole(username, roleName))
                    {
                        _rolesList.Add(new Role 
                        {
                            UserName=username, 
                            RoleName=roleName
                        }); 
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new InvalidOperationException("User is already in this role.");
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("username");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("roleName");
            }
        }

        public bool IsInRole(string username, string roleName)
        {
            return _rolesList.Any(x => x.RoleName == roleName && x.UserName == username);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace Refactoring.Day9.RemoveArrowhead.After
{
    public class RoleRepository
    {
        private IList<Role> _rolesList = new List<Role>();

        public IEnumerable<Role> Roles { get { return _rolesList; } }

        public void AddRole(string username, string roleName)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(roleName))
                throw new ArgumentNullException("roleName");

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(username))
                throw new ArgumentNullException("username");

            if (IsInRole(username, roleName))
                throw new InvalidOperationException("User is already in this role.");

            _rolesList.Add(new Role
            {
                UserName = username,
                RoleName = roleName
            });
        }

        public bool IsInRole(string username, string roleName)
        {
            return _rolesList.Any(x => x.RoleName == roleName && x.UserName == username);
        }
    }
}

public class Customer
{
      public int Id { get; set; }
      public string Surname { get; set; }
      public string Forename { get; set; }
      public decimal Discount { get; set; }
      public string Address { get; set; }
}

using FluentValidation;

public class CustomerValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer>
{
      public CustomerValidator
      {
           RuleFor(customer => customer.Surname).NotNull();
      }
}

RuleFor(customer => customer.Surname).NotNull().NotEqual("foo");

Customer customer = new Customer();
CustomerValidator validator = new CustomerValidator();
ValidationResult results = validator.Validate(customer);

Customer customer = new Customer();
CustomerValidator validator = new CustomerValidator();

ValidationResult results = validator.Validate(customer);

if(! results.IsValid) 
{
     foreach(var failure in results.Errors)
     {
          Console.WriteLine("Property " + failure.PropertyName + " failed validation. Error was: " +      failure.ErrorMessage);
     }
}

Customer customer = new Customer();
CustomerValidator validator = new CustomerValidator();
validator.ValidateAndThrow(customer);

public class Customer
{
     public string Name { get; set; }
     public Address Address { get; set; }
}

public class Address 
{
     public string Line1 { get; set; }
     public string Line2 { get; set; }
     public string Town { get; set; }
     public string County { get; set; }
     public string Postcode { get; set; }
}

public class AddressValidator : AbstractValidator<Address>
{
     public AddressValidator() 
     {
          RuleFor(address => address.Postcode).NotNull();
          //etc
     }
}

public class CustomerValidator : AbstractValidator<Customer> 
{
     public CustomerValidator()
     {
          RuleFor(customer => customer.Name).NotNull();
          RuleFor(customer => customer.Address).SetValidator(new AddressValidator())
      }
}

public class Customer
{
     public IList<Order> Orders { get; set; }
}

public class Order 
{
     public string ProductName { get; set; }
     public decimal? Cost { get; set; }
}

var customer = new Customer();
customer.Orders = new List<Order> 
{
     new Order { ProductName = "Foo" },
     new Order { Cost = 5 } 
};

public class OrderValidator : AbstractValidator<Order>
{
     public OrderValidator() 
     {
          RuleFor(x => x.ProductName).NotNull();
          RuleFor(x => x.Cost).GreaterThan(0);
     }
}

public class PersonValidator : AbstractValidator<Person>
{
     public PersonValidator() 
     {
          RuleSet("Names", () =>
          {
               RuleFor(x => x.Surname).NotNull();
               RuleFor(x => x.Forename).NotNull();
          });
 
          RuleFor(x => x.Id).NotEqual(0);
      }
}

var validator = new PersonValidator();
var person = new Person();
var result = validator.Validate(person, ruleSet: "Names");

namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class Product
   {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public string Name { get; set; }
       public decimal UnitPrice { get; set; }
       public bool Discontinued { get; set; }
   }
}

using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class ProductMapping : ClassMap<Product>
   {
       public ProductMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(p => p.Id).GeneratedBy.HiLo("1000");
           Map(p => p.Name).Length(50).Not.Nullable();
           Map(p => p.UnitPrice).Not.Nullable();
           Map(p => p.Discontinued).Not.Nullable();
       }
   }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class ProductMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_product()
       {
           new PersistenceSpecification<Product>(Session)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Id, 1001)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Name, "Apples")
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.UnitPrice, 10.45m)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Discontinued, true)
                   .VerifyTheMappings();
       }
   }
}

ProductMapping_Fixture.can_correctly_map_product : Passed
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Apples', @p1 = 10.45, @p2 = True, @p3 = 1001
NHibernate: SELECT product0_.Id as Id1_0_, product0_.Name as Name1_0_, product0_.UnitPrice as UnitPrice1_0_, product0_.Discontinued as Disconti4_1_0_ FROM "Product" product0_ WHERE product0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 1001

using System;
namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class Employee
   {
       public int Id { set; get; }
       public string LastName { get; set; }
       public string FirstName { get; set; }
   }
}

using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class EmployeeMapping : ClassMap<Employee>
   {
       public EmployeeMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(e => e.Id).GeneratedBy.Assigned();
           Map(e => e.LastName).Length(50);
           Map(e => e.FirstName).Length(50);
       }
   }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class EmployeeMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_employee()
       {
           new PersistenceSpecification<Employee>(Session)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.Id, 1001)
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.FirstName, "name1")
                   .CheckProperty(p => p.LastName, "lname1")
                   .VerifyTheMappings();
       }
   }
}

NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Employee" (LastName, FirstName, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 'lname1', @p1 = 'name1', @p2 = 1001
NHibernate: SELECT employee0_.Id as Id4_0_, employee0_.LastName as LastName4_0_, employee0_.FirstName as FirstName4_0_ FROM "Employee" employee0_ WHERE employee0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 1001

namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class OrderItem
   {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public int Quantity { get; set; }
       public Product Product { get; set; }
   }
}

using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class OrderItemMapping : ClassMap<OrderItem>
   {
       public OrderItemMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(oi => oi.Id).GeneratedBy.Assigned();
           Map(oi => oi.Quantity).Not.Nullable();
           References(oi => oi.Product).Not.Nullable();
       }
   }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class OrderItemMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_order_item()
       {
           var product = new Product
           {
               Name = "Apples",
               UnitPrice = 4.5m,
               Discontinued = true
           };

           new PersistenceSpecification<OrderItem>(Session)
                       .CheckProperty(p => p.Id, 1)
                       .CheckProperty(p => p.Quantity, 5)
                       .CheckReference(p => p.Product, product)
                       .VerifyTheMappings();
       }
   }
}

using System.Collections;
using NHSample1.Domain;

namespace UnitTests
{
   public class CustomEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer
   {
       public bool Equals(object x, object y)
       {
           if (ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true;
           if (x == null || y == null) return false;

           if (x is Product && y is Product)
               return (x as Product).Id == (y as Product).Id;

           if (x is Customer && y is Customer)
               return (x as Customer).Id == (y as Customer).Id;

           if (x is Employee && y is Employee)
               return (x as Employee).Id == (y as Employee).Id;

           if (x is OrderItem && y is OrderItem)
               return (x as OrderItem).Id == (y as OrderItem).Id;
          

           return x.Equals(y);
       }

       public int GetHashCode(object obj)
       {
           //شاید وقتی دیگر
           return obj.GetHashCode();
       }
   }
}

new PersistenceSpecification<OrderItem>(Session, new CustomEqualityComparer())

NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Apples', @p1 = 4.5, @p2 = True, @p3 = 1001
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "OrderItem" (Quantity, Product_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 5, @p1 = 1001, @p2 = 1
NHibernate: SELECT orderitem0_.Id as Id0_1_, orderitem0_.Quantity as Quantity0_1_, orderitem0_.Product_id as Product3_0_1_, product1_.Id as Id3_0_, product1_.Name as Name3_0_, product1_.UnitPrice as UnitPrice3_0_, product1_.Discontinued as Disconti4_3_0_ FROM "OrderItem" orderitem0_ inner join "Product" product1_ on orderitem0_.Product_id=product1_.Id WHERE orderitem0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace NHSample1.Domain
{
   public class Order
   {
       public int Id { set; get; }
       public DateTime OrderDate { get; set; }
       public Employee Employee { get; set; }
       public Customer Customer { get; set; }
       public IList<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; }
   }
}

using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Mapping;

namespace NHSample1.Mappings
{
   public class OrderMapping : ClassMap<Order>
   {
       public OrderMapping()
       {
           Not.LazyLoad();
           Id(o => o.Id).GeneratedBy.GuidComb();
           Map(o => o.OrderDate).Not.Nullable();
           References(o => o.Employee).Not.Nullable();
           References(o => o.Customer).Not.Nullable();
           HasMany(o => o.OrderItems)
               .AsList(index => index.Column("ListIndex").Type<int>());
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using NUnit.Framework;
using NHSample1.Domain;
using FluentNHibernate.Testing;

namespace UnitTests
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class OrderMapping_Fixture : FixtureBase
   {
       [Test]
       public void can_correctly_map_an_order()
       {
           {
               var product1 =
                   new Product
                   {
                       Name = "Apples",
                       UnitPrice = 4.5m,
                       Discontinued = true
                   };
               var product2 =
                   new Product
                   {
                       Name = "Pears",
                       UnitPrice = 3.5m,
                       Discontinued = false
                   };

               Session.Save(product1);
               Session.Save(product2);

               var items = new List<OrderItem>
                               {
                                   new OrderItem
                                   {
                                       Id = 1,
                                       Quantity = 100,
                                       Product = product1
                                   },
                                   new OrderItem
                                   {
                                       Id = 2,
                                       Quantity = 200,
                                       Product = product2
                                   }
                               };

               var customer = new Customer
               {
                   FirstName = "Vahid",
                   LastName = "Nasiri",
                   AddressLine1 = "Addr1",
                   AddressLine2 = "Addr2",
                   PostalCode = "1234",
                   City = "Tehran",
                   CountryCode = "IR"
               };

               var employee =
                   new Employee
                   {
                       FirstName = "name1",
                       LastName = "lname1"
                   };


              
               var order = new Order
               {
                   Customer = customer,
                   Employee = employee,
                   OrderDate = DateTime.Today,
                   OrderItems = items
               };

               new PersistenceSpecification<Order>(Session, new CustomEqualityComparer())
                   .CheckProperty(o => o.OrderDate, order.OrderDate)
                   .CheckReference(o => o.Customer, order.Customer)
                   .CheckReference(o => o.Employee, order.Employee)
                   .CheckList(o => o.OrderItems, order.OrderItems)
                   .VerifyTheMappings();
           }
       }
   }
}

OrderMapping_Fixture.can_correctly_map_an_order : Passed
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 2, @p1 = 1
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 3, @p1 = 2
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Apples', @p1 = 4.5, @p2 = True, @p3 = 1001
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Product" (Name, UnitPrice, Discontinued, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 'Pears', @p1 = 3.5, @p2 = False, @p3 = 1002
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Customer" (FirstName, LastName, AddressLine1, AddressLine2, PostalCode, City, CountryCode, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, @p5, @p6, @p7);@p0 = 'Vahid', @p1 = 'Nasiri', @p2 = 'Addr1', @p3 = 'Addr2', @p4 = '1234', @p5 = 'Tehran', @p6 = 'IR', @p7 = 2002
NHibernate: select next_hi from hibernate_unique_key
NHibernate: update hibernate_unique_key set next_hi = @p0 where next_hi = @p1;@p0 = 4, @p1 = 3
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Employee" (LastName, FirstName, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 'lname1', @p1 = 'name1', @p2 = 3003
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "OrderItem" (Quantity, Product_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 100, @p1 = 1001, @p2 = 1
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "OrderItem" (Quantity, Product_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2);@p0 = 200, @p1 = 1002, @p2 = 2
NHibernate: INSERT INTO "Order" (OrderDate, Employee_id, Customer_id, Id) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3);@p0 = 2009/10/10 12:00:00 ق.ظ, @p1 = 3003, @p2 = 2002, @p3 = 0
NHibernate: UPDATE "OrderItem" SET Order_id = @p0, ListIndex = @p1 WHERE Id = @p2;@p0 = 0, @p1 = 0, @p2 = 1
NHibernate: UPDATE "OrderItem" SET Order_id = @p0, ListIndex = @p1 WHERE Id = @p2;@p0 = 0, @p1 = 1, @p2 = 2
NHibernate: SELECT order0_.Id as Id1_2_, order0_.OrderDate as OrderDate1_2_, order0_.Employee_id as Employee3_1_2_, order0_.Customer_id as Customer4_1_2_, employee1_.Id as Id4_0_, employee1_.LastName as LastName4_0_, employee1_.FirstName as FirstName4_0_, customer2_.Id as Id2_1_, customer2_.FirstName as FirstName2_1_, customer2_.LastName as LastName2_1_, customer2_.AddressLine1 as AddressL4_2_1_, customer2_.AddressLine2 as AddressL5_2_1_, customer2_.PostalCode as PostalCode2_1_, customer2_.City as City2_1_, customer2_.CountryCode as CountryC8_2_1_ FROM "Order" order0_ inner join "Employee" employee1_ on order0_.Employee_id=employee1_.Id inner join "Customer" customer2_ on order0_.Customer_id=customer2_.Id WHERE order0_.Id=@p0;@p0 = 0
NHibernate: SELECT orderitems0_.Order_id as Order4_2_, orderitems0_.Id as Id2_, orderitems0_.ListIndex as ListIndex2_, orderitems0_.Id as Id0_1_, orderitems0_.Quantity as Quantity0_1_, orderitems0_.Product_id as Product3_0_1_, product1_.Id as Id3_0_, product1_.Name as Name3_0_, product1_.UnitPrice as UnitPrice3_0_, product1_.Discontinued as Disconti4_3_0_ FROM "OrderItem" orderitems0_ inner join "Product" product1_ on orderitems0_.Product_id=product1_.Id WHERE orderitems0_.Order_id=@p0;@p0 = 0

SessionSource.BuildSchema(Session, true);

    drop table if exists "OrderItem"

    drop table if exists "Order"

    drop table if exists "Customer"

    drop table if exists "Product"

    drop table if exists "Employee"

    drop table if exists hibernate_unique_key

    create table "OrderItem" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       Quantity INTEGER not null,
       Product_id INTEGER not null,
       Order_id INTEGER,
       ListIndex INTEGER,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Order" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       OrderDate DATETIME not null,
       Employee_id INTEGER not null,
       Customer_id INTEGER not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Customer" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       FirstName TEXT not null,
       LastName TEXT not null,
       AddressLine1 TEXT not null,
       AddressLine2 TEXT,
       PostalCode TEXT not null,
       City TEXT not null,
       CountryCode TEXT not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Product" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       Name TEXT not null,
       UnitPrice NUMERIC not null,
       Discontinued INTEGER not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table "Employee" (
        Id INTEGER not null,
       LastName TEXT,
       FirstName TEXT,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table hibernate_unique_key (
         next_hi INTEGER
    )

           var cfg = Fluently.Configure().Database(
              // SQLiteConfiguration.Standard.ShowSql().InMemory
              MsSqlConfiguration
              .MsSql2008
              .ShowSql()
              .ConnectionString("Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2009;Integrated Security = true")
               );

    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3EF88858466CFBF7]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[OrderItem]'))
alter table [OrderItem]  drop constraint FK3EF88858466CFBF7


    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3EF888589F32DE52]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[OrderItem]'))
alter table [OrderItem]  drop constraint FK3EF888589F32DE52


    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3117099B1EBA72BC]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[Order]'))
alter table [Order]  drop constraint FK3117099B1EBA72BC


    if exists (select 1 from sys.objects where object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[FK3117099BB2F9593A]') AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[Order]'))
alter table [Order]  drop constraint FK3117099BB2F9593A


    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[OrderItem]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [OrderItem]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Order]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Order]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Customer]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Customer]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Product]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Product]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[Employee]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [Employee]

    if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'hibernate_unique_key') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table hibernate_unique_key

    create table [OrderItem] (
        Id INT not null,
       Quantity INT not null,
       Product_id INT not null,
       Order_id INT null,
       ListIndex INT null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Order] (
        Id INT not null,
       OrderDate DATETIME not null,
       Employee_id INT not null,
       Customer_id INT not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Customer] (
        Id INT not null,
       FirstName NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       LastName NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       AddressLine1 NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       AddressLine2 NVARCHAR(50) null,
       PostalCode NVARCHAR(10) not null,
       City NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       CountryCode NVARCHAR(2) not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Product] (
        Id INT not null,
       Name NVARCHAR(50) not null,
       UnitPrice DECIMAL(19,5) not null,
       Discontinued BIT not null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    create table [Employee] (
        Id INT not null,
       LastName NVARCHAR(50) null,
       FirstName NVARCHAR(50) null,
       primary key (Id)
    )

    alter table [OrderItem]
        add constraint FK3EF88858466CFBF7
        foreign key (Product_id)
        references [Product]

    alter table [OrderItem]
        add constraint FK3EF888589F32DE52
        foreign key (Order_id)
        references [Order]

    alter table [Order]
        add constraint FK3117099B1EBA72BC
        foreign key (Employee_id)
        references [Employee]

    alter table [Order]
        add constraint FK3117099BB2F9593A
        foreign key (Customer_id)
        references [Customer]

    create table hibernate_unique_key (
         next_hi INT
    )

JSON.stringify({});                  // '{}'
JSON.stringify(true);                // 'true'
JSON.stringify('foo');               // '"foo"'
JSON.stringify([1, 'false', false]); // '[1,"false",false]'
JSON.stringify({ x: 5 });            // '{"x":5}'

JSON.stringify(new Date(2006, 0, 2, 15, 4, 5)) 
// '"2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z"'

JSON.stringify({ x: 5, y: 6 });
// '{"x":5,"y":6}' or '{"y":6,"x":5}'
JSON.stringify([new Number(1), new String('false'), new Boolean(false)]);
// '[1,"false",false]'

JSON.stringify({ x: [10, undefined, function(){}, Symbol('')] }); 
// '{"x":[10,null,null,null]}' 
 
// Symbols:
JSON.stringify({ x: undefined, y: Object, z: Symbol('') });
// '{}'
JSON.stringify({ [Symbol('foo')]: 'foo' });
// '{}'
JSON.stringify({ [Symbol.for('foo')]: 'foo' }, [Symbol.for('foo')]);
// '{}'
JSON.stringify({ [Symbol.for('foo')]: 'foo' }, function(k, v) {
  if (typeof k === 'symbol') {
    return 'a symbol';
  }
});
// '{}'

// Non-enumerable properties:
JSON.stringify( Object.create(null, { x: { value: 'x', enumerable: false }, y: { value: 'y', enumerable: true } }) );
// '{"y":"y"}'

using (var webClient = new WebClient())
{
    webClient.Headers.Add("user-agent", "DNTProfiler");
    var jsonData = webClient.DownloadString(url);
    var gitHubProjectReleases = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<GitHubProjectRelease[]>(jsonData);

    foreach (var release in gitHubProjectReleases)
    {
       foreach (var asset in release.Assets)
       {
           // …
       }
    }
}

using System;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class Users
    {
        public IList<User> CreateInMemoryDataSource()
        {
            return new[]
            {
                new User { Id = 1, Name = "User1", Password = "123", IsAdmin = false, AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                new User { Id = 2, Name = "User2", Password = "456", IsAdmin = false, AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                new User { Id = 3, Name = "User3", Password = "789", IsAdmin = true, AddDate = DateTime.Now }
            };
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication7.Models;

namespace MvcApplication7.Controllers
{
    public class UserController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var usersList = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource();
            return View(usersList); // Shows the Index view.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            var user = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
                return View("Error");
            return View(user); // Shows the Details view.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            var user = new User { AddDate = DateTime.Now };
            return View(user); // Shows the Create view.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(User user)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // todo: Add record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(user); // Shows the Create view again.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Edit(int id)
        {
            var user = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
                return View("Error");
            return View(user); // Shows the Edit view.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Edit(User user)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // todo: Edit record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(user); // Shows the Edit view again.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Delete(int id)
        {
            // todo: Delete record
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
    }
}

@Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.Id }

@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "Delete", controllerName: "User", routeValues: new { id = item.Id }))
{
    <input type="submit" value="Delete" 
              onclick="return confirm ('Do you want to delete this record?');" />
}

@Html.ValidationSummary(true)

ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "There is something wrong with model.");

@Html.EditorFor(model => model.AddDate)
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AddDate)

public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include = "Name, Password")] User user)

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit()
{
    var user = new User();
    if(TryUpdateModel(user, includeProperties: new[] { "Name", "Password" }))
    {                
                // todo: Edit record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
     }
     return View(user); // Shows the Edit view again.
}

public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Exclude = "IsAdmin")] User user)

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    [Bind(Exclude = "IsAdmin")]
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }

        [ReadOnly(true)]
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

public class MyViewModel
{
    public SomeDomainModel1 Model1 { get; set; }
    public SomeDomainModel2 Model2 { get; set; }
    ...
}

public class MyViewModel
{
    public string SomeExtraField1 { get; set; }
    public string SomeExtraField2 { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> StateSelectList { get; set; }
    // ...
    public string PersonFullName { set; set; }
}

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class UserViewModel
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
    }
}

[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Upload()
{
       return View(); // Shows the upload page
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Upload(System.Web.HttpPostedFileBase file)
{
       string filename = Server.MapPath("~/files/somename.ext");
       file.SaveAs(filename);
       return RedirectToAction("Index");
}

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Upload";
}
<h2>
    Upload</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "Upload", controllerName: "User", 
                       method: FormMethod.Post,
                       htmlAttributes: new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{
    <text>Upload a photo:</text> <input type="file" name="photo" />
    <input type="submit" value="Upload" />
}

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication7.Binders
{
    public class PersianDateModelBinder : IModelBinder
    {

        public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            var valueResult = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bindingContext.ModelName);
            var modelState = new ModelState { Value = valueResult };
            object actualValue = null;
            try
            {
                var parts = valueResult.AttemptedValue.Split('/'); //ex. 1391/1/19
                if (parts.Length != 3) return null;
                int year = int.Parse(parts[0]);
                int month = int.Parse(parts[1]);
                int day = int.Parse(parts[2]);
                actualValue = new DateTime(year, month, day, new PersianCalendar());
            }
            catch (FormatException e)
            {
                modelState.Errors.Add(e);
            }

            bindingContext.ModelState.Add(bindingContext.ModelName, modelState);
            return actualValue;
        }
    }
}

ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(DateTime), new PersianDateModelBinder());

public ActionResult Create([ModelBinder(typeof(PersianDateModelBinder))] User user)

[ModelBinder(typeof(PersianDateModelBinder))]
public class User
{

 public class SallowMutable
    {
        public int Value { get; }
        
        //Mutable
        public StringBuilder NameBuilder { get; }

        public SallowMutable(int value, StringBuilder nameBuilder)
        {
            Value = value;
            NameBuilder = nameBuilder;
        }
    }

 public class UsageOfSallowMutable
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            StringBuilder x=new StringBuilder();
            var sm=new SallowMutable(10,x);
            x.Append("Ali");
            sm.NameBuilder.Append(" Reza");
            Console.WriteLine(sm.NameBuilder);// Ali Reza
        }
    }