ChatGPT is bullshit

Recently, there has been considerable interest in large language models: machine learning systems which produce human-like text and dialogue. Applications of these systems have been plagued by persistent inaccuracies in their output; these are often called “AI hallucinations”. We argue that these falsehoods, and the overall activity of large language models, is better understood as bullshit in the sense explored by Frankfurt (On Bullshit, Princeton, 2005): the models are in an important way indifferent to the truth of their outputs. We distinguish two ways in which the models can be said to be bullshitters, and argue that they clearly meet at least one of these definitions. We further argue that describing AI misrepresentations as bullshit is both a more useful and more accurate way of predicting and discussing the behaviour of these systems.

به این صورت مدل‌های خود را تعریف کرده و طبق مقاله‌ی قبلی، Controller‌های هر یک را پیاده سازی نمایید:

public class Supplier
{
    [Key]
    public string Key {get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Category
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

public class Product
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Category")]
    public int CategoryId { get; set; }
    public Category Category { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Supplier")]
    public string SupplierId { get; set; }
    public virtual Supplier Supplier { get; set; }
}

پکیج Microsoft.AspNet.OData به تازگی ورژن 6 آن به صورت رسمی منتشر شده و شامل تغییراتی نسبت به نسخه‌ی قبلی آن است. اولین نکته‌ی حائز اهمیت، Config آن است که به صورت زیر تغییر کرده و باید Option‌های مورد نیاز، کانفیگ شوند. در این نسخه DI نیز به Odata اضافه شده است:

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            ODataModelBuilder odataModelBuilder = new ODataConventionModelBuilder();

            var product = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Product>("Products");
            var category = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Category>("Categories");
            var supplier = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Supplier>("Suppliers");

            var edmModel = odataModelBuilder.GetEdmModel();

            supplier.EntityType.Ignore(c => c.Name);

            config.Select(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.MaxTop(25);
            config.OrderBy(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Count(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Expand(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Filter(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Count(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);

            //config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata", edmModel); // کانفیگ به صورت معمولی
           config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata",
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel);
                    builder.AddService<IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention>>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault());
                });
}

[EnableQuery]
        public IQueryable<Product> Get()
        {
            return new List<Product>
            {
                new Product { Id = 1, Name = "name 1", Price = 11, Category = new Category {Id =1, Name = "Cat1" } },
                new Product { Id = 2, Name = "name 2", Price = 12, Category = new Category {Id =2, Name = "Cat2" } },
                new Product { Id = 3, Name = "name 3", Price = 13, Category = new Category {Id =3, Name = "Cat3" } },
                new Product { Id = 4, Name = "name 4", Price = 14, Category = new Category {Id =4, Name = "Cat4" } },
            }.AsQueryable(); ;
        }

[EnableQuery (AllowedQueryOptions= AllowedQueryOptions.Skip | AllowedQueryOptions.Top)]

و همچنین [AutoExpand] به صورت اتوماتیک آن موجودیت مورد نظر را بسط میدهد.

بطور مثال کد‌های زیر را در مدل خود میتوانید مشاهده نمائید:

public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [NotFilterable, NotSortable]
        public decimal Price { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey(nameof(SupplierId))]
        [NotNavigable]
        public virtual Supplier Supplier { get; set; }
        public int SupplierId { get; set; }


        [ForeignKey(nameof(CategoryId))]
        public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
        public int CategoryId { get; set; }

        [NotExpandable]
        public virtual ICollection<TestEntity> TestEnities { get; set; }
    }

فرض کنید پراپرتی زیر را به مدل خود اضافه کرده اید

public DateTimeOffset CreatedOn { get; set; }

حال کوئری زیر را برای فیلتر زدن، بر روی آن در اختیار داریم:

/odata/Products?$filter=year(CreatedOn) eq 2016

در اینجا فقط Product هایی بازگردانده میشوند که در سال 2016 ثبت شده‌اند:

/odata/Products?$filter=CreatedOn lt cast(2017-04-01T04:11:31%2B08:00,Edm.DateTimeOffset)

کوئری فوق تاریخ مورد نظر را Cast کرده و همه‌ی Product هایی را که قبل از این تاریخ ثبت شده‌اند، باز می‌گرداند.

Nested Filter In Expand

/odata/Categories?$expand=Products($filter=Id gt 1 and Id lt 5)

همه‌ی Category‌ها به علاوه بسط دادن Product هایشان، در صورتیکه Id آنها بیشتر از 1 باشد

و یا حتی بر روی موجودیت بسط داده شده، select زده شود:

/odata/Categories?$expand=Products($select=Id,Name)

Custom Attribute

ضمنا به سادگی میتوان اتریبیوت سفارشی نوشت:

public class MyEnableQueryAttribute : EnableQueryAttribute
{
    public override IQueryable ApplyQuery(IQueryable queryable, ODataQueryOptions queryOptions)
    {
       // Don't apply Skip and Top.
       var ignoreQueryOptions = AllowedQueryOptions.Skip | AllowedQueryOptions.Top;
       return queryOptions.ApplyTo(queryable, ignoreQueryOptions);
    }
}

روی هر متدی از کنترلر خود که اتریبیوت [MyEnableQuery] را قرار دهید، دیگر قابلیت Skip, Top را نخواهد داشت.

Dependency Injection در آخرین نسخه‌ی OData اضافه شده است. بطور پیشفرض OData بصورت case-sensitive رفتار میکند. برای تغییر دادن آن در نسخه‌های قدیمی، Extension Methodی به نام EnableCaseSensitive وجود داشت. اما در نسخه‌ی جدید شما میتوانید پیاده سازی خاص خود را از هر کدام از بخش‌های OData داشته باشید و با استفاده از تزریق وابستگی، آن را به config برنامه‌ی خود اضافه کنید؛ برای مثال:

 public class CaseInsensitiveResolver : ODataUriResolver
    {
        private bool _enableCaseInsensitive;

        public override bool EnableCaseInsensitive
        {
            get { return true; }
            set { _enableCaseInsensitive = value; }
        }
    }

اینجا پیاده سازی از ODataUriResolver انجام شده و متد EnableCaseInsensitive به صورت جدیدی override و در حالت default مقدار true را برمیگرداند.

حال به صورت زیر آن را می‌توان به وابستگی‌های config برنامه، اضافه نمود:

config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata",
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel);
                    builder.AddService<IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention>>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault());
                    builder.AddService<ODataUriResolver>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => new CaseInsensitiveResolver()); // how enable case sensitive
                });

در قسمت بعدی به Action‌ها و Function‌ها در OData میپردازیم.

app.UseCors(builder => builder
                .AllowAnyHeader()
                .AllowAnyMethod()
                .SetIsOriginAllowed((host) => true)
                .AllowCredentials()
            );

• OpenPGP: یک برنامه نیست و یک قانون و استانداری برای تهیه‌ی آن است؛ که رعایت اصول آن الزامی است و برنامه‌ی بالا، یک پیاده سازی از این استاندارد است.
• PGP: یک برنامه، برای رمزگذاری اطلاعات است که مخفف Pretty Good Privacy است.
• و GnuPG یا GPG که در بالا به آن اشاره شد.

gpg --gen-key

Please select what kind of key you want:
   (1) RSA and RSA (default)
   (2) DSA and Elgamal
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)

What keysize do you want? (2048)

Key is valid for? (0)

دو هفته
2w
دو سال
2y

You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
from the Real Name, Comment and Email Address in this form:
    "Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) <heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>"

Real name: ali yeganeh.m
Email address: yeganehaym@gmail.com
Comment: androidbreadcrumb
You selected this USER-ID:
    "ali yeganeh.m (androidbreadcrumb) <yeganehaym@gmail.com>"

ali@alipc:~$ gpg --list-keys
/home/ali/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
----------------------------
pub   2048R/8708016A 2015-10-23 [expires: 2065-10-10]
uid                  ali yeganeh.m (androidbreadcrumb) <yeganehaym@gmail.com>
sub   2048R/533B7E96 2015-10-23 [expires: 2065-10-10]

gpg --output mykey.asc --export -a $GPGKEY

gpg --output mykey.asc --export -a 8708016A

ali@alipc:~$ cat mykey.asc
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1
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=6j7i
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

gpg --output mykey.asc --export-secret-key -a 8708016A

gpg --send-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com $GPGKEY

==>
gpg --send-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 8708016A

ali@alipc:~$ cat >ali.txt
hello ubuntu

ali@alipc:~$ gpg --output myali.gpg --encrypt --recipient yeganehaym@gmail.com ali.txt

gpg --output output.txt --decrypt myali.gpg

You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "ali yeganeh.m (androidbreadcrumb) <yeganehaym@gmail.com>"
2048-bit RSA key, ID 533B7E96, created 2015-10-23 (main key ID 8708016A)

ali@alipc:~$ cat output.txt 
hello ubuntu

public class Customer
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string Bio { get; set; }
 
    public virtual ICollection<Order> Orders { get; set; }
 
    [Computed]
    [NotMapped]
    public string FullName
    {
        get { return FirstName + ' ' + LastName; }
    }
}

public class Order
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string OrderNo { get; set; }
    public DateTime PurchaseDate { get; set; }
    public bool ShipToHomeAddress { get; set; }
 
    public virtual ICollection<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("CustomerId")]
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
 
    [Computed]
    [NotMapped]
    public decimal Total
    {
        get { return OrderItems.Sum(x => x.TotalPrice); }
    }
}

public class OrderItem
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Quantity { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("OrderId")]
    public virtual Order Order { get; set; }
    public int OrderId { get; set; }
 
    [Computed]
    [NotMapped]
    public decimal TotalPrice
    {
        get { return Price * Quantity; }
    }
}

public class CustomerViewModel
{
    public string Bio { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Customer, CustomerViewModel>()
   .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(entity => entity.FullName))
   .ForMember(dest => dest.Bio, opt => opt.MapFrom(entity => entity.Bio ?? "N/A"));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewCustomers = context.Customers
        .Project()
        .To<CustomerViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewCustomers = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Customer>, IEnumerable<CustomerViewModel>>(dbCustomers);
    foreach (var customer in viewCustomers)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", customer.CustomerName, customer.Bio);
    }
}

public class OrderViewModel
{
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
    public decimal Total { get; set; }
    public string OrderNumber { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<OrderItemsViewModel> OrderItems { get; set; }
}

public class OrderItemsViewModel
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Quantity { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderViewModel>()
  .ForMember(dest => dest.OrderNumber, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.OrderNo))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrders = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrders = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderViewModel>>(dbOrders);
    foreach (var order in viewOrders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} - {2}", order.OrderNumber, order.CustomerName, order.Total);
    }
}

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrders = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrders = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderViewModel>>(dbOrders);
    foreach (var order in viewOrders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} - {2}", order.OrderNumber, order.CustomerName, order.Total);
        foreach (var item in order.OrderItems)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("({0}) {1} - {2}", item.Quantity, item.Name, item.Price);
        }
    }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderViewModel>()
  .ForMember(dest => dest.OrderNumber, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.OrderNo))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.OrderItems, opt => opt.Ignore())
  .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

public class OrderDateViewModel
{
    public int PurchaseHour { get; set; }
    public int PurchaseMinute { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderDateViewModel>()
  .ForMember(dest => dest.PurchaseHour, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.PurchaseDate.Hour))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.PurchaseMinute, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.PurchaseDate.Minute))
  .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrder = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderDateViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .FirstOrDefault();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrder = Mapper.Map<Order, OrderDateViewModel>(dbOrder);
 
    if (viewOrder != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}:{2}", viewOrder.CustomerName, viewOrder.PurchaseHour, viewOrder.PurchaseMinute);
    }
}

public class OrderShipViewModel
{
    public string ShipHome { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

this.CreateMap<Order, OrderShipViewModel>()
   .ForMember(dest => dest.ShipHome, opt => opt.MapFrom(src=>src.ShipToHomeAddress? "Yes": "No"))
   .ForMember(dest => dest.CustomerName, opt => opt.MapFrom(src => src.Customer.FullName));

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var viewOrders = context.Orders
        .Project()
        .To<OrderShipViewModel>()
        .Decompile()
        .ToList();
    // don't use
    // var viewOrders = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderShipViewModel>>(dbOrders);
    foreach (var order in viewOrders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", order.CustomerName, order.ShipHome);
    }
}

Blazor Fundamentals Tutorial

Blazor server-side vs client-side (WebAssembly) | What should you choose?
What are Razor Components? | Blazor Tutorial 1
Dependency Injection | Blazor Tutorial 2
What are Blazor Layouts? | Blazor Tutorial 3
Routing and Navigation | Blazor Tutorial 4
JS Interop: Calling JavaScript from C# | Blazor Tutorial 5
JS Interop: Calling C# methods from JavaScript | Blazor Tutorial 6
Creating Forms with Validation | Blazor Tutorial 7
How to add Authentication in Server-side Blazor | Blazor Tutorial 8
Authorization in Server-Side Blazor | Blazor Tutorial 9
How to use HTML5 Web Storage in Blazor | Blazor Tutorial 10
Managing Blazor state using Redux | Blazor Tutorial 11
Creating a desktop application using Blazor and Electron | Blazor Tutorial 12
Deploying Server-Side Blazor in Azure with SignalR service | Blazor Tutorial 13
Building cross platform mobile apps with Blazor (Experimental)
 

Rust – the Ultimate Programming Language?

What makes a good programming language? Syntax? Compiler? Tools and ecosystem? It is tempting to say “all of that” but in that case, why there are so many different programming languages? All these components are very important but they alone can’t make the language “good”. One of essential things is the purpose — like languages for rapid development, or development of distributed algorithms, or general purpose for high-level and low-level applications, or easy to learn, or safe to use and so on.

This document describes rules and recommendations for developing applications and class libraries using the C# Language. The goal is to define guidelines to enforce consistent style and formatting and help developers avoid common pitfalls and mistakes. Specifically, this document covers Naming Conventions, Coding Style, Language Usage, and Object Model Design. 

SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty,
       LAST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID
       ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID)  LstValue
FROM Test_First_Last_Value s
     WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663)
     ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty     

SELECT s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty,
       FITST_VALUE(SalesOrderDetailID) OVER (PARTITION BY SalesOrderID
       ORDER BY SalesOrderDetailID DESC) FstValue
FROM Test_First_Last_Value s
     WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43670, 43669, 43667, 43663)
     ORDER BY s.SalesOrderID,s.SalesOrderDetailID,s.OrderQty