The biggest change in .NET Core 2.2 Preview 2 is tiered compilation is enabled by default.  

Stack

این ساختمان داده، داخل Memory پیاده سازی شده است و تعدادی از متغیرهایی را که ما داخل کد ایجاد میکنیم، در این نوع ساختمان داده از Memory نگهداری میشوند.

شرط قرار گرفتن مقدار یک متغیر داخل Stack این است که متغیر از نوع Value Type باشد. در زبان #C، بطور کلی Struct و Enum‌ها Value Type هستند و بصورت پیشفرض داخل Stack قرار میگیرند. تمامی ValueType‌ها در #C، بطور implicit از System.ValueType ارث بری میکنند.

Type‌های زیر، Value Type‌های پیشفرض تعریف شده‌ی در زبان #C هستند که به آن‌ها Simple Type نیز گفته میشوند:

Heap

public static void SayHi()
{
    string name = "Moien";
}

.method private hidebysig static void SayHi() cil managed
{
  .locals init (string V_0)

  IL_0001:  ldstr      "Moien" // Stack is: [memory-address of string in heap]
  IL_0006:  stloc.0
  
  IL_0007:  ret
}

Boxing and Unboxing

public static void Boxing()
{
    const int number = 5;
    
    object boxedNumber = number;          // implicit boxing using implicit cast
    object boxedNumber = (object)number;  // explicit boxing using direct cast
}

.method public hidebysig static void Boxing() cil managed
{
  .locals init (object V_0)
  
  IL_0001:  ldc.i4.5                                // Stack is: [5]
  IL_0002:  box        [System.Runtime]System.Int32 // Stack is: [memory-address of 5 in heap]
  
  IL_0007:  stloc.0
  IL_0008:  ret
}

public static void Unboxing()
{
    object boxedNumber = 5;
    
    int number = (int)boxedNumber;
}

.method public hidebysig static void Unboxing() cil managed
{
  .locals init (object V_0, int32 V_1)
  
  IL_0001:  ldc.i4.5                                  // Stack is: [5]
  IL_0002:  box        [System.Runtime]System.Int32   // Stack is: [memory-address of 5 in heap]
  IL_0007:  stloc.0                                   // Stack is: []
                                                      
  IL_0008:  ldloc.0                                   // Stack is: [memory-address of 5 in heap]
  IL_0009:  unbox.any  [System.Runtime]System.Int32   // Stack is: [5]
  IL_000e:  stloc.1                                   // Stack is: []
  
  IL_000f:  ret
}

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { CanActivate } from '@angular/router';

@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
    canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): boolean {

    }
}

 >ng g guard user/auth -m user/user.module

 installing guard
  create src\app\user\auth.guard.spec.ts
  create src\app\user\auth.guard.ts
  update src\app\user\user.module.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, CanActivate, Router } from '@angular/router';

import { AuthService } from './auth.service';

@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {

  constructor(private authService: AuthService,
    private router: Router) { }

  canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): boolean {
    return this.checkLoggedIn(state.url);
  }

  checkLoggedIn(url: string): boolean {
    if (this.authService.isLoggedIn()) {
      return true;
    }
    this.authService.redirectUrl = url;
    this.router.navigate(['/login']);
    return false;
  }
}

export class AuthService {
   currentUser: IUser;
   redirectUrl: string;

export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
    canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): boolean {

isLoggedIn(): boolean {
   return !this.currentUser;
}

import { AuthGuard } from './../user/auth.guard';

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'products',
    canActivate: [ AuthGuard ],
    children: [    ]
  }
];

      if (this.authService.login(userName, password)) {
        if (this.authService.redirectUrl) {
          this.router.navigateByUrl(this.authService.redirectUrl);
        } else {
          this.router.navigate(['/products']);
        }
      }

 >ng g guard product/ProductEdit -m product/product.module

 installing guard
  create src\app\product\product-edit.guard.spec.ts
  create src\app\product\product-edit.guard.ts
  update src\app\product\product.module.ts

export  class ProductEditGuard implements CanDeactivate<ProductEditComponent> {
    canDeactivate(component: ProductEditComponent): boolean {

  get product(): IProduct {
    return this.currentProduct;
  }
  set product(value: IProduct) {
    this.currentProduct = value;
    // Clone the object to retain a copy
    this.originalProduct = Object.assign({}, value);
  }

  get isDirty(): boolean {
    return JSON.stringify(this.originalProduct) !== JSON.stringify(this.currentProduct);
  }

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { CanDeactivate } from '@angular/router';

import { ProductEditComponent } from './product-edit/product-edit.component';

@Injectable()
export class ProductEditGuard implements CanDeactivate<ProductEditComponent> {

  canDeactivate(component: ProductEditComponent): boolean {
    if (component.isDirty) {
      let productName = component.product.productName || 'New Product';
      return confirm(`Navigate away and lose all changes to ${productName}?`);
    }
    return true;
  }
}

import { ProductEditGuard } from './product-edit.guard';

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'products',
    canActivate: [ AuthGuard ],    
    children: [
      {
        path: '',
        component: ProductListComponent
      },
      {
        path: ':id',
        component: ProductDetailComponent,
        resolve: { product: ProductResolverService }
      },
      {
        path: ':id/edit',
        component: ProductEditComponent,
        resolve: { product: ProductResolverService },
        canDeactivate: [ ProductEditGuard ],
        children: [
          { path: '', redirectTo: 'info', pathMatch: 'full' },
          { path: 'info', component: ProductEditInfoComponent },
          { path: 'tags', component: ProductEditTagsComponent }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
];

reset(): void {
    this.dataIsValid = null;
    this.currentProduct = null;
    this.originalProduct = null;
  }

  onSaveComplete(message?: string): void {
    if (message) {
      this.messageService.addMessage(message);
    }
    this.reset();

    // Navigate back to the product list
    this.router.navigate(['/products']);
  }

    public struct Optional<T>
    {
        public bool HasValue { get; }
        public T Value { get; }
    }

class ConsoleWriteLineWalker : CSharpSyntaxWalker
{
    public ConsoleWriteLineWalker()
    {
        Arguments = new List<ExpressionSyntax>();
    }
 
    public List<ExpressionSyntax> Arguments { get; }
 
    public override void VisitInvocationExpression(InvocationExpressionSyntax node)
    {
        var member = node.Expression as MemberAccessExpressionSyntax;
        var type = member?.Expression as IdentifierNameSyntax;
        if (type != null && type.Identifier.Text == "Console" && member.Name.Identifier.Text == "WriteLine")
        {
            if (node.ArgumentList.Arguments.Count == 1)
            {
                var arg = node.ArgumentList.Arguments.Single().Expression;
                Arguments.Add(arg);
                return;
            }
        }
 
        base.VisitInvocationExpression(node);
    }
}

static void getConstantValue()
{
    // Get the syntax tree.
    var code = @"
                using System;
 
                class Foo
                {
                    void Bar(int x)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(3.14);
                        Console.WriteLine(""qux"");
                        Console.WriteLine('c');
                        Console.WriteLine(null);
                        Console.WriteLine(x * 2 + 1);
                    }
                }
                ";
 
    var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(code);
    var root = tree.GetRoot();
 
    // Get the semantic model from the compilation.
    var mscorlib = MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location);
    var comp = CSharpCompilation.Create("Demo").AddSyntaxTrees(tree).AddReferences(mscorlib);
    var model = comp.GetSemanticModel(tree);
 
    // Traverse the tree.
    var walker = new ConsoleWriteLineWalker();
    walker.Visit(root);
 
 
    // Analyze the constant argument (if any).
    foreach (var arg in walker.Arguments)
    {
        var val = model.GetConstantValue(arg);
        if (val.HasValue)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(arg + " has constant value " + (val.Value ?? "null") + " of type " + (val.Value?.GetType() ?? typeof(object)));
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine(arg + " has no constant value");
        }
    }
}

 3.14 has constant value 3.14 of type System.Double
"qux" has constant value qux of type System.String
'c' has constant value c of type System.Char
null has constant value null of type System.Object
x * 2 + 1 has no constant value

static void workingWithSymbols()
{
    // Get the syntax tree.
    var code = @"
                using System;
 
                class Foo
                {
                    void Bar(int x)
                    {
                        // #insideBar
                    }
                }
 
                class Qux
                {
                    protected int Baz { get; set; }
                }
                ";
 
    var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(code);
    var root = tree.GetRoot();
 
    // Get the semantic model from the compilation.
    var mscorlib = MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location);
    var comp = CSharpCompilation.Create("Demo").AddSyntaxTrees(tree).AddReferences(mscorlib);
    var model = comp.GetSemanticModel(tree);
 
    // Traverse enclosing symbol hierarchy.
    var cursor = code.IndexOf("#insideBar");
    var barSymbol = model.GetEnclosingSymbol(cursor);
    for (var symbol = barSymbol; symbol != null; symbol = symbol.ContainingSymbol)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(symbol);
    }
 
    // Analyze accessibility of Baz inside Bar.
    var bazProp = ((CompilationUnitSyntax)root)
        .Members.OfType<ClassDeclarationSyntax>()
        .Single(m => m.Identifier.Text == "Qux")
        .Members.OfType<PropertyDeclarationSyntax>()
        .Single();
    var bazSymbol = model.GetDeclaredSymbol(bazProp);
    var canAccess = model.IsAccessible(cursor, bazSymbol);
}

 Foo.Bar(int)
Foo
<global namespace>
Demo.exe
Demo, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null

static void bindingSymbols()
{
    // Get the syntax tree.
    var code = @"
                using System;
 
                class Foo
                {
                    private int y;
 
                    void Bar(int x)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(x);
                        Console.WriteLine(y);
 
                        int z = 42;
                        Console.WriteLine(z);
 
                        Console.WriteLine(a);
                    }
                }";
 
    var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(code);
    var root = tree.GetRoot();
 
    // Get the semantic model from the compilation.
    var mscorlib = MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location);
    var comp = CSharpCompilation.Create("Demo").AddSyntaxTrees(tree).AddReferences(mscorlib);
    var model = comp.GetSemanticModel(tree);
 
    // Traverse the tree.
    var walker = new ConsoleWriteLineWalker();
    walker.Visit(root);
 
    // Bind the arguments.
    foreach (var arg in walker.Arguments)
    {
        var symbol = model.GetSymbolInfo(arg);
        if (symbol.Symbol != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(arg + " is bound to " + symbol.Symbol + " of type " + symbol.Symbol.Kind);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine(arg + " could not be bound");
        }
    }
}

 x is bound to int of type Parameter
y is bound to Foo.y of type Field
z is bound to z of type Local
a could not be bound

 import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({name: 'perNumber'}) export class PerNumberPipe implements PipeTransform {

}

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({name: 'perNumber'})
export class PerNumberPipe implements PipeTransform {
    transform(value: any, ...args: any[]): any {

    }
}

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({name: 'perNumber'}) export class PerNumberPipe implements PipeTransform {
    transform(input: string): string{
        if (input == undefined) return '';
        var str = input.toString().trim();
        if (str === "") return "";
        str = str.replace(/0/g, '۰');
        str = str.replace(/1/g, '۱');
        str = str.replace(/2/g, '۲');
        str = str.replace(/3/g, '۳');
        str = str.replace(/4/g, '۴');
        str = str.replace(/5/g, '۵');
        str = str.replace(/6/g, '۶');
        str = str.replace(/7/g, '۷');
        str = str.replace(/8/g, '۸');
        str = str.replace(/9/g, '۹');
        return str;
    }
}

import { PerNumberPipe } from './pipes/per-number.pipe.ts'
...

declarations: [PerNumberPipe]

<h3>{{'12345679' | perNumber}}</h3>

using AufacDI.DomainClasses;
using AufacDI.ViewModel;
using AutoMapper;

namespace AufacDI.MapperProfile
{
    public class CategoryProfile : Profile
    {
        public CategoryProfile()
        {
            CreateMap<Category, CategoryViewModel>();
            CreateMap<CategoryViewModel, Category>();
        }
    }
}

using AufacDI.MapperProfile;
using Autofac;
using AutoMapper;
using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace AufacDI.IocConfig
{
    public static class IoCContainer
    {
       public static void Register(ContainerBuilder builder)
        {
            // شناسایی پروفایل‌ها براساس نمونه از کلاس پر.وفایل 
            var profiles = from types in typeof(CategoryProfile).Assembly.GetTypes()
                           where typeof(Profile).IsAssignableFrom(types)
                           select (Profile)Activator.CreateInstance(types);

            // رجیستر کردن کلاس‌های پروفایل در اتومپر
            builder.Register(ctx => new MapperConfiguration(cfg =>
            {
                foreach (var profile in profiles)
                    cfg.AddProfile(profile);
            })).SingleInstance().AutoActivate().AsSelf();

            // رجیستر کردن کلاس  MapperConfiguration و ایجاد آن براساس IMapper
            builder.Register(ctx => ctx.Resolve<MapperConfiguration>().CreateMapper()).As<IMapper>().InstancePerRequest();
        }
    }
}