let name: string;
name = "Vahid"; // OK
name = null; // OK
name = undefined;  // OK

let age: number;
age = 24; // OK
age = null; // OK
age = undefined;  // OK

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "strictNullChecks": true
    }
}

 let foo: string = null; // Error! Type 'null' is not assignable to type 'string'.

Uncaught ReferenceError: foo is not defined
Uncaught TypeError: window.foo is not a function

// With strictNullChecks set to false
let d: Array<number> = [null, undefined, 10, 15]; //OK
let e: Array<string> = ["pie", null, ""];  //OK
 
 
// With strictNullChecks set to true
let d: Array<number> = [null, undefined, 10, 15]; // Error
let e: Array<string> = ["pie", null, ""]; // Error

{ 
    "compilerOptions": { 
        "strict": true  /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */ 
    } 
}

{ 
    "compilerOptions": { 
        "strict": true, 
        "noImplicitThis": false 
    } 
}

 let foo: string | null = null; // Okay!

let name: string | null;
name = "Vahid"; // OK
name = null; // OK
name = undefined;  // Error

let z = null;

testAssignedBeforeUseChecking() {
    let x: number;
    console.log(x);
}

 [ts] Variable 'x' is used before being assigned.

let z: number | undefined;
console.log(z);

method1(x?: number) {
}

method1(x?: number | undefined) {
}

  f(x: number): string {
    return x.toString();
  }

  testTypeGuards() {
    let x: number | null | undefined;
    if (x) {
      this.f(x);  // Ok, type of x is number here
    } else {
      this.f(x);  // Error, type of x is number? here
    }
  }

 Argument of type 'number | null | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'number'.

getLength(s: string | null) {
   return s ? s.length : 0;
}

isNumber(n: any): n is number { // type guard
   return typeof n === "number";
}

  usedMb(usedBytes?: number): number | undefined {
    return this.isNumber(usedBytes) ? (usedBytes / (1024 * 1024)) : undefined;
  }

  usedMb2(usedBytes?: number): number | undefined {
    return usedBytes ? (usedBytes / (1024 * 1024)) : undefined;
  }

  formatUsedMb(): string {
    //ERROR: TS2531: Object is possibly undefined
    return this.usedMb(123).toFixed(0).toString();
  }

  formatUsed(): string {
    const usedMb = this.usedMb(123);
    return usedMb ? usedMb.toFixed(0).toString() : "";
  }

export interface User {
  name: string;
  age?: number;
}

  printUserInfo(user: User) {
    if (user.age != null) {
      console.log(`${user.name}, ${user.age.toString()}`);
    }
  }

  printUserInfo(user: User) {
    console.log(`${user.name}, ${user.age.toString()}`);
  }

  printUserInfo(user: User) {
    console.log(`${user.name}, ${user.age!.toString()}`);
  }

 [tslint] Forbidden non null assertion (no-non-null-assertion)

document.cookie = 'mySecondCookie=mySecondValue; path=/'

public class Client
{
    DependencyBase _dependency;
 
    public void Client(DependencyBase dependency)
    {
        _dependency = dependency;
    }
 
    public void DoSomething()
    {
        _dependency.Operation();
    }
}
 
 
public abstract class DependencyBase
{
    public abstract void Operation();
}
 
 
public class Dependency : DependencyBase
{
    public override void Operation()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Dependency.Operation() executed");
    }
}
 
 
public class NullObject : DependencyBase
{
    public override void Operation() { }
}

public class StatusMonitor
{
    StatusReporterBase _reporter;
 
    public StatusMonitor(StatusReporterBase reporter)
    {
        _reporter = reporter;
    }
 
    public void CheckStatus()
    {
        // Do something to check status
        if (!_reporter.Report("Everything's OK"))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Failed to report status.");
        }
    }
}
 
 
public abstract class StatusReporterBase
{
    public abstract bool Report(string message);
}
 
 
public class EmailStatusReporter : StatusReporterBase
{
    public override bool Report(string message)
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Emailed '{0}'.", message);
            return true;
        }
        catch
        {
            return true;
            throw;
        }
    }
}
 
 
public class WebServiceStatusReporter : StatusReporterBase
{
    public override bool Report(string message)
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Sent '{0}' to web service.", message);
            return true;
        }
        catch
        {
            return true;
            throw;
        }
    }
}
 
 
public class NullStatusReporter : StatusReporterBase
{
    private static NullStatusReporter _instance;
    private static object _lock = new object();
 
    private NullStatusReporter() { }
 
    public static NullStatusReporter GetReporter()
    {
        lock (_lock)
        {
            if (_instance == null) _instance = new NullStatusReporter();
        }
 
        return _instance;
    }
 
    public override bool Report(string message)
    {
        return true;
    }
}

StatusReporterBase reporter = NullStatusReporter.GetReporter();
StatusMonitor monitor = new StatusMonitor(reporter);
monitor.CheckStatus();

    <div class="container">
        <h4 class="alert alert-info">
            فرم‌های بوت استرپ 3</h4>
        <div class="row">
            <article class="registrationform">
                <h2>
                    فرم ثبت نام</h2>               
                <form class="registration form-horizontal" action="#">
                <fieldset id="personalinfo">
                    <legend>اطلاعات شخصی</legend>
                    <section class="row">
                        <label class="col col-lg-4 control-label" for="myname">
                            نام</label>
                        <div class="controls">
                            <input class="col col-lg-8" type="text" name="myname" 
                                   id="myname" autofocus placeholder="نام و نام خانوادگی"
                                   required>
                        </div>
                        <!-- controls -->
                    </section><!-- row -->
                    <section class="row">
                        <label class="col col-lg-4 control-label" for="companyname">
                            نام شرکت</label>
                        <div class="controls">
                            <input class="col col-lg-8" type="text" name="companybname" id="companyname" />
                        </div>
                        <!-- controls -->
                    </section><!-- row -->
                    <section class="row">
                        <label class="col col-lg-4 control-label" for="myemail">
                            ایمیل</label>
                        <div class="controls">
                            <input class="col col-lg-8" type="email" name="myemail" id="myemail" 
                                   required autocomplete="off" />
                        </div>
                        <!-- controls -->
                    </section><!-- row -->
                </fieldset>
                <!-- personal info -->
                <fieldset id="otherinfo">
                    <legend>سایر اطلاعات</legend>
                    <section class="row">
                        <label class="col col-lg-4 control-label">
                            نوع درخواست</label>
                        <div class="controls col col-lg-8">
                            <label class="radio">
                                <input type="radio" name="requesttype" value="question" />
                                سؤال
                            </label>
                            <label class="radio">
                                <input type="radio" name="requesttype" value="comment" />
                                انتقاد
                            </label>
                        </div>
                        <!-- controls -->
                    </section><!-- row -->
                    <section class="row">
                        <label class="col col-lg-4 control-label">
                            خبرنامه</label>
                        <div class="controls col col-lg-8">
                            <label class="checkbox">
                                <input type="checkbox" id="subscribe" name="subscribe" checked value="yes" />
                               آیا مایل به دریافت ایمیل‌های خبرنامه ما هستید؟
                            </label>
                        </div>
                        <!-- controls -->
                    </section><!-- row -->
                    <section class="row">
                        <label class="col col-lg-4 control-label" for="reference">
                            چطور از وجود سایت ما آگاه شدید؟</label>
                        <div class="controls col col-lg-8">
                            <select name="reference" id="reference">
                                <option>لطفا انتخاب کنید...</option>
                                <option value="friend">از طریق یک دوست</option>
                                <option value="facebook">Facebook</option>
                                <option value="twitter">Twitter</option>
                            </select>
                        </div>
                        <!-- controls -->
                    </section><!-- row -->
                </fieldset>
                <button class="btn" type="submit">
                    ارسال</button>
                </form>
            </article>
        </div>
        <!-- end row -->
    </div>
    <!-- /container -->

<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">
  <TypeScriptModuleKind>commonjs</TypeScriptModuleKind>
 <TypeScriptCompileOnSaveEnabled>True</TypeScriptCompileOnSaveEnabled>
  <TypeScriptOutDir>.\Scripts</TypeScriptOutDir>
  <TypeScriptNoImplicitAny>True</TypeScriptNoImplicitAny>  
  <TypeScriptTarget>ES5</TypeScriptTarget>  
  <TypeScriptRemoveComments>false</TypeScriptRemoveComments>
  <TypeScriptOutFile></TypeScriptOutFile>
  <TypeScriptGeneratesDeclarations>false</TypeScriptGeneratesDeclarations>
  <TypeScriptSourceMap>true</TypeScriptSourceMap>
  <TypeScriptMapRoot></TypeScriptMapRoot>
  <TypeScriptSourceRoot></TypeScriptSourceRoot>
  <TypeScriptNoEmitOnError>true</TypeScriptNoEmitOnError>  
</PropertyGroup>

 Your project file uses a different version of the TypeScript compiler and tools than is currently installed on this machine.  
No compiler was found at C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.8\tsc.exe.
You may be able to fix this problem by changing the <TypeScriptToolsVersion> element in your project file.

 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v12.0\
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v14.0\

 @rem Add path to TypeScript Compiler
@if exist "%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.8" set PATH=%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.8;%PATH%
@if exist "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.8" set PATH=%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft SDKs\TypeScript\1.8;%PATH%

 ReSharper -> Options -> Code Editing -> TypeScript -> Inspections -> Typescript language level

 Tools -> Options -> ReSharper Options -> Code Inspection -> Settings -> File Masks to Skip -> add *.ts

 {
    "compilerOptions": {
         "target": "es5",
         "outDir": "../Scripts",
         "module": "commonjs",
         "sourceMap": true,
         //"watch": true, // JsErrorScriptException (0x30001)
         //"compileOnSave": true, // https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/7362#issuecomment-196586037
         "experimentalDecorators": true,
         "emitDecoratorMetadata": true
    }
}