class Base
{
    public virtual IntPtr[] Fun() => null;
}

// This is obvious pseude-code because C# won't let us introduce methods differing
// in return type. C# also requires to be explicit about "virtual" and "override".
// But IL... not so much.
class Derived : Base
{
    // overrides Base.Fun on 32bit platforms.
    public override uint[] Fun() => null;

    // overrides Base.Fun on 64bit platforms.
    public override ulong[] Fun() => null;
}

 [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)]
    public class SanitizeInputAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        private readonly ISanitizer _sanitizer;

        public SanitizeInputAttribute()
        {
            _sanitizer = new Sanitizer();
        }

        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            if (filterContext.ActionArguments != null)
            {
                foreach (var parameter in filterContext.ActionArguments.ToList())
                {
                    if (parameter.Value != null)
                    {
                        var type = parameter.Value.GetType();
                        if (type == typeof(string))
                        {
                           var sanitized = _sanitizer.Sanitize(parameter.Value.ToString());
                           filterContext.ActionArguments[parameter.Key] = sanitized;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            var properties = parameter.Value.GetType()
                                .GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public)
                                .Where(x => x.CanRead && x.CanWrite && x.PropertyType == typeof(string) &&
                                            x.GetGetMethod(true).IsPublic && x.GetSetMethod(true).IsPublic);



                            foreach (var propertyInfo in properties)
                            {
                                if (propertyInfo.GetValue(parameter.Value) != null)
                                    propertyInfo.SetValue(parameter.Value,
                                        _sanitizer.Sanitize(propertyInfo.GetValue(parameter.Value).ToString()));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

        }
    }

using System;

namespace CS9Features
{
    public static class ModernizingACodebase
    {
        public static void PropertyPatternToReplaceIsNullorEmpty1()
        {
            string hello = null;

            // Old approach
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(hello))
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{hello} has {hello.Length} letters.");
            }

            // New approach, with a property pattern
            if (hello is { Length: > 0 })
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{hello} has {hello.Length} letters.");
            }
        }

        public static void PropertyPatternToReplaceIsNullorEmpty2()
        {
            // For arrays
            var greetings = new string[2];
            greetings[0] = "Hello world";
            greetings = null;

            // Old approach
            if (greetings != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(greetings[0]))
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{greetings[0]} has {greetings[0].Length} letters.");
            }

            // New approach
            if (greetings?[0] is { Length: > 0 } hi)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{hi} has {hi.Length} letters.");
            }
        }
    }
}

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Tree](
[Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[Name] [nchar](10) NOT NULL,
[ParentId] [int] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Tree] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
[Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tree]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [FK_Tree_Tree] FOREIGN KEY([ParentId])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Tree] ([Id])
GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Tree] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Tree_Tree]
GO

   columns.AddColumn(column =>
                                      {
                                          column.PropertyName("Discount");
                                          column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                                          column.IsVisible(true);
                                          column.Order(5);
                                          column.Width(4);
                                          column.HeaderCell("تخفیف");
                                          column.CalculatedField(
                                          list =>
                                          {
                                              if (list == null)
                                                  return string.Empty;
                                              var amountLesson = list.GetValueOf<sp_Lesson_Peresent_Rpt_Financial_DetailResult>(x => x.AmountLesson);
                                              var discount = list.GetValueOf<sp_Lesson_Peresent_Rpt_Financial_DetailResult>(x => x.Discount);
                                              if (amountLesson == "")
                                              {
                                                  column.Width(0);
                                                  return null;
                                              }
                                              else
                                                  return discount;

                                          });
                                      });
                                      columns.AddColumn(column =>
                                      {
                                          column.PropertyName("DiscountPercents");
                                          column.CellsHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center);
                                          column.IsVisible(true);
                                          column.Order(6);
                                          column.Width(14);
                                          column.HeaderCell("درصد و نوع تخفیف");
                                          column.CalculatedField(
                                          list =>
                                          {
                                              if (list == null)
                                                  return string.Empty;
                                              var amountLesson = list.GetValueOf<sp_Lesson_Peresent_Rpt_Financial_DetailResult>(x => x.AmountLesson);                                             
                                              var discountPercents = list.GetValueOf<sp_Lesson_Peresent_Rpt_Financial_DetailResult>(x => x.DiscountPercents);
                                              if (amountLesson == "")
                                              {
                                                  column.Width(15);
                                                  var decriptions = list.GetValueOf<sp_Lesson_Peresent_Rpt_Financial_DetailResult>(x => x.DESCRIPTION);
                                                  return decriptions;
                                              }
                                              else
                                                  return discountPercents;

                                          });
                                      });

public interface ICreationTracking
{
    DateTime CreatedDateTime { get; set; }
}

public interface IModificationTracking
{
    DateTime? ModifiedDateTime { get; set; }
}

public interface IHasRowIntegrity
{
    string Hash { get; set; }
}

public interface IHasRowVersion
{
    byte[] Version { get; set; }
}

public abstract class AggregateRoot<TKey> : Entity<TKey>, IAggregateRoot
    where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>
{
    private readonly List<IDomainEvent> _events = new List<IDomainEvent>();
    public IReadOnlyCollection<IDomainEvent> Events => _events.AsReadOnly();

    protected virtual void AddDomainEvent(IDomainEvent newEvent)
    {
        _events.Add(newEvent);
    }

    public virtual void ClearEvents()
    {
        _events.Clear();
    }
}

public static class EventBusExtensions
{
    public static Task TriggerAsync(this IEventBus bus, IEnumerable<IDomainEvent> events)
    {
        var tasks = events.Select(async domainEvent => await bus.TriggerAsync(domainEvent));
        return Task.WhenAll(tasks);
    }

    public static async Task PublishAsync(this IEventBus bus, IAggregateRoot aggregateRoot)
    {
        await bus.TriggerAsync(aggregateRoot.Events);
        aggregateRoot.ClearEvents();
    }
}

public interface IKeyValueService : IApplicationService
{
    Task SetValueAsync(string key, string value);
    Task<Maybe<string>> LoadValueAsync(string key);
    Task<bool> IsTamperedAsync(string key);
}

public class KeyValue : Entity, IModificationTracking, ICreationTracking, IHasRowIntegrity
{
    public string Key { get; set; }
    [Encrypted] public string Value { get; set; }
    public string Hash { get; set; }
    public DateTime CreatedDateTime { get; set; }
    public DateTime? ModifiedDateTime { get; set; }
}

    public class ExceptionOptions
    {
        public List<ExceptionMapItem> Mappings { get; } = new List<ExceptionMapItem>();

        [Required] public string DbException { get; set; }
        [Required] public string DbConcurrencyException { get; set; }
        [Required] public string InternalServerIssue { get; set; }

        public bool TryFindMapping(DbException dbException, out ExceptionMapItem mapping)
        {
            mapping = null;

            var words = new HashSet<string>(Regex.Split(dbException.ToStringFormat(), @"\W"));

            var mappingItem = Mappings.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Keywords.IsProperSubsetOf(words));
            if (mappingItem == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            mapping = mappingItem;

            return true;
        }
    }

تغییرات کتابخانه DNTFrameworkCore.EFCore

public abstract class TrackableEntity<TKey> : Entity<TKey>, ITrackable where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>
{
    [NotMapped] public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
    [NotMapped] public ICollection<string> ModifiedProperties { get; set; }
}

public static class ConfigurationBuilderExtensions
{
    public static IConfigurationBuilder AddEFCore(this IConfigurationBuilder builder,
        IServiceProvider provider)
    {
        return builder.Add(new EFConfigurationSource(provider));
    }
}

protected DbContextCore(DbContextOptions options, IEnumerable<IHook> hooks) : base(options)
{
    _hooks = hooks ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(hooks));
}

public void IgnoreHook(string hookName)
{
    _ignoredHookList.Add(hookName);
}

internal sealed class RowIntegrityHook : PostActionHook<IHasRowIntegrity>
{
    public override string Name => HookNames.RowIntegrity;
    public override int Order => int.MaxValue;
    public override EntityState HookState => EntityState.Unchanged;

    protected override void Hook(IHasRowIntegrity entity, HookEntityMetadata metadata, IUnitOfWork uow)
    {
        metadata.Entry.Property(EFCore.Hash).CurrentValue = uow.EntityHash(entity);
    }
}

//DbContextCore : IUnitOfWork

public string EntityHash<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class
{
    var row = Entry(entity).ToDictionary(p => p.Metadata.Name != EFCore.Hash &&
                                              !p.Metadata.ValueGenerated.HasFlag(ValueGenerated.OnUpdate) &&
                                              !p.Metadata.IsShadowProperty());
    return EntityHash<TEntity>(row);
}

protected virtual string EntityHash<TEntity>(Dictionary<string, object> row) where TEntity : class
{
    var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(row, Formatting.Indented);
    using (var hashAlgorithm = SHA256.Create())
    {
        var byteValue = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
        var byteHash = hashAlgorithm.ComputeHash(byteValue);
        return Convert.ToBase64String(byteHash);
    }
}

IsTamperedAsync
HasTamperedEntryAsync
TamperedEntryListAsync

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{  
    modelBuilder.NormalizeDateTime();
    modelBuilder.NormalizeDecimalPrecision(precision: 20, scale: 6);
    
    base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
}

MigrateDbContext<TContext>(this IHost host)

services.AddEFCore<ProjectDbContext>()
    .WithTrackingHook<long>()
    .WithDeletedEntityHook()
    .WithRowIntegrityHook()
    .WithNumberingHook(options =>
    {
        options.NumberedEntityMap[typeof(Task)] = new NumberedEntityOption
        {
            Prefix = "Task",
            FieldNames = new[] {nameof(Task.BranchId)}
        };
    });

تغییرات کتابخانه DNTFrameworkCore.Web.Tenancy

services.AddTenancy()
    .WithTenantSession()
    .WithStore<InMemoryTenantStore>()
    .WithResolutionStrategy<HostResolutionStrategy>();

app.UseTenancy();

PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore
PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore.EFCore
PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore.EFCore.SqlServer
PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore.Web
PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore.FluentValidation
PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore.Web.Tenancy
PM> Install-Package DNTFrameworkCore.Licensing

public class MyHttpHandler : IHttpHandler
{
    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
    {        
    }

    public bool IsReusable
    {
        get { return false; }
    }
}

public class MyHttpHandler : IHttpHandler
{
    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
    {
        HttpResponse response = context.Response;
        HttpRequest request = context.Request;

        response.Write("Every Page has a some text like this");
    }

    public bool IsReusable
    {
        get { return false; }
    }
}

<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <httpHandlers>

  <add name="myhttphandler" verb="*" path="*.aspx" type="MyHttpHandler"/>

    </httpHandlers>
  </system.web>
</configuration>

 public IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback callback, object obj)
    {
        
    }

    public void EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result)
    {
        
    }

   public AsynchOperation(AsyncCallback callback, HttpContext context, Object state)
    {
        _callback = callback;
        _context = context;
        _state = state;
        _completed = false;
    }

   public void StartAsyncWork()
    {
        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(StartAsyncTask),null);
    }

 private void StartAsyncTask(Object workItemState)
    {

        _context.Response.Write("<p>Completion IsThreadPoolThread is " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread + "</p>\r\n");

        _context.Response.Write("Hello World from Async Handler!");
        _completed = true;
        _callback(this);
    }

context.Response.Write("<p>Begin IsThreadPoolThread is " + Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread + "</p>\r\n");
        AsynchOperation asynch = new AsynchOperation(callback, context, obj);
        asynch.StartAsyncWork();
        return asynch;