using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using EFReplaceAll.Models;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Config
{
    public class DbSetInfo
    {
        public IQueryable<object> DbSet { set; get; }
        public Type DbSetType { set; get; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Product> Products { set; get; }
        public DbSet<Category> Categories { set; get; }
        public DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }

        public MyContext()
            : base("Connection1")
        {
            this.Database.Log = sql => Console.Write(sql);
        }

        public IList<DbSetInfo> GetAllDbSets()
        {
            return this.GetType()
                .GetProperties()
                .Where(p => p.PropertyType.IsGenericType &&
                            p.PropertyType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(DbSet<>))
                .Select(p => new DbSetInfo
                {
                    DbSet = (IQueryable<object>)p.GetValue(this, null),
                    DbSetType = p.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().First()
                })
                .ToList();
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Utils
{
    public class ReplaceOp
    {
        public string ToFind { set; get; }
        public string ToReplace { set; get; }
        public StringComparison Comparison { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using EFReplaceAll.Config;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Utils
{
    public static class UpdateDbContextContents
    {
        public static void ReplaceAllStringsAcrossTables(IList<ReplaceOp> replaceOps)
        {
            int dbSetsCount;
            using (var uow = new MyContext())
            {
                dbSetsCount = uow.GetAllDbSets().Count;
            }

            for (var i = 0; i < dbSetsCount; i++)
            {
                using (var uow = new MyContext()) // using a new context each time to free resources quickly.
                {
                    var dbSetResult = uow.GetAllDbSets()[i];
                    var stringProperties = dbSetResult.DbSetType.GetProperties()
                        .Where(p => p.PropertyType == typeof(string))
                        .ToList();
                    var dbSetEntities = dbSetResult.DbSet;
                    var haveChanges = false;
                    foreach (var entity in dbSetEntities)
                    {
                        foreach (var stringProperty in stringProperties)
                        {
                            var oldPropertyValue = stringProperty.GetValue(entity, null) as string;
                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(oldPropertyValue))
                            {
                                continue;
                            }

                            var newPropertyValue = oldPropertyValue;
                            foreach (var replaceOp in replaceOps)
                            {
                                newPropertyValue = newPropertyValue.ReplaceString(replaceOp.ToFind, replaceOp.ToReplace, replaceOp.Comparison);
                            }
                            if (oldPropertyValue != newPropertyValue)
                            {
                                stringProperty.SetValue(entity, newPropertyValue, null);
                                haveChanges = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (haveChanges)
                    {
                        uow.SaveChanges();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Text;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Utils
{
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static string ReplaceString(this string src, string oldValue, string newValue, StringComparison comparison)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(src))
            {
                return src;
            }

            if (string.Compare(oldValue, newValue, comparison) == 0)
            {
                return src;
            }

            var sb = new StringBuilder();

            var previousIndex = 0;
            var index = src.IndexOf(oldValue, comparison);

            while (index != -1)
            {
                sb.Append(src.Substring(previousIndex, index - previousIndex));
                sb.Append(newValue);
                index += oldValue.Length;

                previousIndex = index;
                index = src.IndexOf(oldValue, index, comparison);
            }

            sb.Append(src.Substring(previousIndex));

            return sb.ToString();
        }
    }
}

            UpdateDbContextContents.ReplaceAllStringsAcrossTables(
                new[]
                {
                    new ReplaceOp
                    {
                        ToFind = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        ToReplace = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        Comparison = StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
                    },
                    new ReplaceOp
                    {
                        ToFind = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        ToReplace = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        Comparison = StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
                    }
                });

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;

namespace EFGeneral
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {            
            for (int i = 0; i < 21000; i++)
            {
                context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "name " + i });
                if (i % 1000 == 0)
                    context.SaveChanges();
            }
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public class PerformanceHelper
    {
        public static string RunActionMeasurePerformance(Action action)
        {
            GC.Collect();
            long initMemUsage = Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64;

            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();

            action();

            stopwatch.Stop();

            var currentMemUsage = Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64;
            var memUsage = currentMemUsage - initMemUsage;
            if (memUsage < 0) memUsage = 0;

            return string.Format("Elapsed time: {0}, Memory Usage: {1:N2} KB", stopwatch.Elapsed, memUsage / 1024);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            StartDb();            

            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\nRun {0}", i + 1);

                var memUsage = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => LoadWithTracking());
                Console.WriteLine("LoadWithTracking:\n{0}", memUsage);

                memUsage = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => LoadWithoutTracking());
                Console.WriteLine("LoadWithoutTracking:\n{0}", memUsage);
            }
        }

        private static void StartDb()
        {
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var user = ctx.Users.Find(1);
                if (user != null)
                {
                    // keep the object in memory
                }
            }
        }

        private static void LoadWithTracking()
        {
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var list = ctx.Users.ToList();
                if (list.Any())
                {
                    // keep the list in memory
                }
            }
        }

        private static void LoadWithoutTracking()
        {
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var list = ctx.Users.AsNoTracking().ToList();
                if (list.Any())
                {
                    // keep the list in memory
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var integerArray = new int[3];
var lastItem = integerArray[integerArray.Length - 1];

var integerList = integerArray.ToList();
integerList.Last();

var secondToLast = integerArray[integerArray.Length - 2];

var lastItem = integerArray[^1];

var words = new string[]
{
                // index from start    index from end
    "The",      // 0                   ^9
    "quick",    // 1                   ^8
    "brown",    // 2                   ^7
    "fox",      // 3                   ^6
    "jumped",   // 4                   ^5
    "over",     // 5                   ^4
    "the",      // 6                   ^3
    "lazy",     // 7                   ^2
    "dog"       // 8                   ^1
};              // 9 (or words.Length) ^0

Console.WriteLine($"The last word is {words[words.Length - 1]}");

var index = new Index(value: 1, fromEnd: true);
Index indexStruct = ^1;
var indexShortHand = ^1;

int[] a = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
Console.WriteLine(a[a.Length – 2]); // will write 8 on console.
Console.WriteLine(a[^2]); // will write 8 on console.

Index i5 = 5;
Console.WriteLine(a[i5]);        //will write 5 on console.

Index i2fromEnd = ^2;
Console.WriteLine(a[i2fromEnd]); // will write 8 on console.

var numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToArray();

var (start, end) = (1, 7); 
var length = end - start; 

// Using LINQ 
var subset1 = numbers.Skip(start).Take(length);
 
// Or using Array.Copy 
var subset2 = new int[length];
Array.Copy(numbers, start, subset2, 0, length);

var myArray = new string[] { "Item1", "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" };

 var fromIndexToX = myArray[1..3]; // = [Item2, Item3]

var fromIndexToXFromTheEnd = myArray[1..^1]; // = [ "Item2", "Item3", "Item4" ]

var fromAnIndexToTheEnd = myArray[1..]; // = [ "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" ]

 var fromTheStartToAnIndex = myArray[..3]; // = [ "Item1", "Item2", "Item3" ]

 var entireRange = myArray[..]; // = [ "Item1", "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" ]

var myArray = new string[] { "Item1", "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" };
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
  Console.WriteLine(myArray[i]);
}

foreach (var item in myArray[1..4]) // = [ "Item2", "Item3", "Item4" ]
{
  Console.WriteLine(item);
}

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly int[] _numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToArray();

        static void Main()
        {
            var skip2CharactersAndTake2Characters = _numbers[2..4]; // صرفنظر کردن از دو عنصر اول و سپس انتخاب دو عنصر
            var skipFirstAndLastCharacter = _numbers[1..^1]; // صرفنظر کردن از دو عنصر اول و آخر
            var last3Characters = _numbers[^3..]; // انتخاب بازه‌ای شامل سه عنصر آخر
            var first4Characters = _numbers[0..4]; // دریافت بازه‌ای از 4 عنصر اول
            var rangeStartFrom2 = _numbers[2..]; // دریافت بازه‌ای شروع شده از المان دوم تا آخر
            var skipLast3Characters = _numbers[..^3]; // صرفنظر کردن از سه المان آخر
            var rangeAll = _numbers[..]; // انتخاب کل بازه
        }
    }
}

var range = new Range(1, 4);
Range rangeStruct = 1..4;
var rangeShortHand = 1..4;

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly int[] _numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToArray();
        static void Print(Range range) => Console.WriteLine($"{range} => {string.Join(", ", _numbers[range])}");

        static void Main()
        {
            Print(1..3); // 1..3 => 2, 3
            Print(..3);      // 0..3 => 1, 2, 3
            Print(3..);      // 3..^0 => 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
            Print(1..^1);    // 1..^1 => 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
            Print(^2..^1);   // ^2..^1 => 9
        }
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("123456789"[1..4]); // Would output 234

var helloWorldStr = "Hello, World!";

var hello = helloWorldStr[..5];
Console.WriteLine(hello); // Output: Hello

var world = helloWorldStr[7..];
Console.WriteLine(world); // Output: World!

var world2 = helloWorldStr[^6..]; // Take the last 6 characters
Console.WriteLine(world); // Output: World!

var arr = (new[] { 1, 4, 8, 11, 19, 31 }).AsSpan();
var range = arr[2..5];

ref int elt1 = ref range[1];
elt1 = -1;

int copiedElement = range[2];
copiedElement = -2;

Console.WriteLine($"range[1]: {range[1]}, range[2]: {range[2]}"); // output: range[1]: -1, range[2]: 19
Console.WriteLine($"arr[3]: {arr[3]}, arr[4]: {arr[4]}"); // output: arr[3]: -1, arr[4]: 19

 SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_fts_index_keywords(DB_ID(DB_NAME()), OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.Documents'));

 SELECT
 I.document_id,
 D.title,
 I.display_term,
 I.occurrence_count
FROM sys.dm_fts_index_keywords_by_document(DB_ID(DB_NAME()), OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.Documents')) AS I
INNER JOIN dbo.Documents D
ON D.id = I.document_id;

 SELECT
 I.document_id,
 D.title,
 I.display_term,
 I.property_id
FROM sys.dm_fts_index_keywords_by_property(DB_ID(DB_NAME()), OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.Documents')) AS I
INNER JOIN dbo.Documents D
ON D.id = I.document_id;

 SELECT
 display_term,
 keyword
FROM sys.dm_fts_parser(N'"Mycustom string"', 1033, NULL, 0);

 SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_fts_parser('FORMSOF(INFLECTIONAL,'+ 'term' + ')', 1033, NULL, 0);

        public static int FindDuplicateImagesCount(string pdfFileName)
        {
            int count = 0;
            var pdf = new PdfReader(pdfFileName);

            var md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
            var enc = new UTF8Encoding();
            var imagesHashList = new List<string>();

            int intPageNum = pdf.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var page = pdf.GetPageN(i);
                var resources = PdfReader.GetPdfObject(page.Get(PdfName.RESOURCES)) as PdfDictionary;
                if (resources == null) continue;

                var xObject = PdfReader.GetPdfObject(resources.Get(PdfName.XOBJECT)) as PdfDictionary;
                if (xObject == null) continue;

                foreach (var name in xObject.Keys)
                {
                    var pdfObject = xObject.Get(name);
                    if (!pdfObject.IsIndirect()) continue;

                    var imgObject = PdfReader.GetPdfObject(pdfObject) as PdfDictionary;
                    if (imgObject == null) continue;

                    var subType = PdfReader.GetPdfObject(imgObject.Get(PdfName.SUBTYPE)) as PdfName;
                    if (subType == null) continue;

                    if (!PdfName.IMAGE.Equals(subType)) continue;

                    byte[] imageBytes = PdfReader.GetStreamBytesRaw((PRStream)imgObject);
                    var md5Hash = enc.GetString(md5.ComputeHash(imageBytes));

                    if (!imagesHashList.Contains(md5Hash))
                    {
                        imagesHashList.Add(md5Hash);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Found duplicate image @page: {0}.", i);
                        count++;
                    }
                }
            }

            pdf.Close();
            return count;
        }

    public class PdfSmartCopy2 : PdfSmartCopy
    {
        public PdfSmartCopy2(Document document, Stream os)
            : base(document, os)
        { }

        /// <summary>
        /// This is a forgotten feature in iTextSharp 5.3.4. 
        /// Actually its PdfSmartCopy is useless without this!
        /// </summary>
        protected override PdfIndirectReference CopyIndirect(PRIndirectReference inp, bool keepStructure, bool directRootKids)
        {
            return base.CopyIndirect(inp);
        }
    }

        public static void RemoveDuplicateObjects(string inFile, string outFile)
        {
            var document = new Document();
            var copy = new PdfSmartCopy2(document, new FileStream(outFile, FileMode.Create));
            document.Open();

            var reader = new PdfReader(inFile);

            var n = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int page = 0; page < n; )
            {
                copy.AddPage(copy.GetImportedPage(reader, ++page));
            }
            copy.FreeReader(reader);            

            document.Close();
        }

        private static void CreateTestFile()
        {
            using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
            {
                var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
                pdfDoc.Open();

                var table = new PdfPTable(new float[] { 1, 2 });
                table.AddCell(Image.GetInstance("01.png"));
                table.AddCell(Image.GetInstance("01.png"));
                pdfDoc.Add(table);
            }
        }

        private static void removeWatermarkLayer(string watermarkedFile, string text,  string unwatermarkedFile)
        {
            PdfReader.unethicalreading = true;
            PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(watermarkedFile);
            reader.RemoveUnusedObjects();
            int pageCount = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= pageCount; i++)
            {
                var page = reader.GetPageN(i);                
                var contentarray = page.GetAsArray(PdfName.CONTENTS);
                if (contentarray == null)
                    continue;

                for (int j = 0; j < contentarray.Size; j++)
                {
                    var stream = (PRStream)contentarray.GetAsStream(j);
                    //دریافت محتوای خام صفحه
                    var content = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(PdfReader.GetStreamBytes(stream));
                    if (content.Contains(text))
                    {
                        //حذف کامل محتوا از فایل
                        stream.Put(PdfName.LENGTH, new PdfNumber(0));
                        stream.SetData(new byte[0]);
                    }
                }
            }

            using (var fileStream = new FileStream(unwatermarkedFile, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None))
            {
                using (var stamper = new PdfStamper(reader, fileStream))
                {
                    stamper.SetFullCompression();
                    stamper.Close();
                }
            }
        }

public enum PersonType
{
    Real =0,
    Legal=1
}

public class Person
{
    public long PersonId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Family { get; set; }
    public PersonType PersonType { get; set; }

    public Person(long personId, string name, string family, PersonType personType)
    {
        PersonId = personId;
        Name = name;
        Family = family;
        PersonType = personType;
    }
}

public class PersonDto
{
    public long PersonId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Family { get; set; }
    public PersonType PersonType { get; set; }

    public PersonDto(long personId, string name, string family, PersonType personType)
    {
        PersonId = personId;
        Name = name;
        Family = family;
        PersonType = personType;
    }
}

public class PersonList
{
    readonly List<Person> _list = new List<Person>();
    public ReadOnlyCollection<Person> GetPersons()
    {
        if (!_list.Any())
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100*1000; i++)
            {
                _list.Add(new Person(i + 1, "Person Name" + i, "Person Family" + i, (PersonType)(i % 2)));
            }

        }
        return _list.AsReadOnly();
    }
}

for (int i = 0; i < 100*1000; i++)
{
    _list.Add(new Person(i + 1, "Person Name" + i, "Person Family" + i, (PersonType)(i % 2)));
}

<package id="AutoMapper" version="5.1.1" targetFramework="net452" />

[TestMethod]
public void FillPersonDtoList_AutoMapperShouldMapPersonListToPersonDtoList_WhenLargeAmountOfPerson()
{
    // arrange
    var personDtoList = new List<PersonDto>(); persons = new PersonList().GetPersons();

    // act
    personDtoList = Mapper.Map<List<PersonDto>>(persons);

    //assert
    Assert.AreEqual(persons.Count, personDtoList.Count);
}
[TestMethod]
public void FillPersonDtoList_UsingHandlyAssignment_WhenLargeAmountOfPerson()
{
    // arrange
    var personDtoList = new List<PersonDto>(); persons = new PersonList().GetPersons();

    // act
    foreach (var person in persons)
    {
        personDtoList.Add(new PersonDto(person.PersonId, person.Name, person.Family, person.PersonType));
    }

    //assert
    Assert.AreEqual(persons.Count, personDtoList.Count);
}

column.IsVisible(hiddenColumns.Split(',').All(col => col != "Id"));