services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
    options.AddPolicy("View Projects", 
        policy => policy.RequireClaim(CustomClaimTypes.Permission, "projects.view"));
});

[Authorize("View Projects")]
public IActionResult Index(int siteId)
{
    return View();
}

public static TResult IfNotNull<TResult, TSource>(
    this TSource source,
    Func<TSource, TResult> onNotDefault)
    where TSource : class
{
    if (onNotDefault == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("onNotDefault");
    return source == null ? default(TResult) : onNotDefault(source);
}

var postCode =
    GetStore()
        .IfNotNull(x => x.Address)
        .IfNotNull(x => x.PostCode)
        .IfNotNull(x => x.ToString());

public static TResult IfNotDefault<TResult, TSource>(
    this TSource source,
    Func<TSource, TResult> onNotDefault,
    Predicate<TSource> isNotDefault = null)
{
    if (onNotDefault == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("onNotDefault");
    var isDefault = isNotDefault == null
        ? EqualityComparer<TSource>.Default.Equals(source, default(TSource))
        : !isNotDefault(source);
   return isDefault ? default(TResult) : onNotDefault(source);
}

return person
        . IfNotDefault(x => x.Name)
        . IfNotDefault(SomeOperation, x => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(x));

var avg = students
        .Where(IsNotAGraduate)
        .FirstOrDefault()
        .IfNotDefault(s => s.Grades) 
        .IfNotDefault(g => g.Average(), g => g != null && g.Length > 0);

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVCPersianCaptcha.Models
{
    public class CaptchaImageResult : ActionResult 
    {
        public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

// Create a new 32-bit bitmap image.
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

var table = new PdfPTable(numColumns: 3)
                {
                    WidthPercentage = 100,
                    RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL,
                    ExtendLastRow = false,
                };
                Image i = Image.GetInstance(_imagePath);

                //logo
                table.AddCell(new PdfPCell(i)
                {
                    HorizontalAlignment = Element.ALIGN_LEFT,
                    Border = 0
                });

                //title
                table.AddCell(new PdfPCell(new Phrase("باسمه تعالی " + "\r\n" + "حوزه علمیه امیر المومنین (ع) - معاونت آموزش - کارنامه تحصیلی طلبه", font))
                {
                    RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL,
                    HorizontalAlignment = Element.ALIGN_CENTER,
                    Border = 0,
                }
                );

                //date
                table.AddCell(new PdfPCell(new Phrase(DateTime.Now.Date.ToString(), font))
                {
                    HorizontalAlignment = 2,
                    Border = 0
                });

                int[] topTableColumnsWidth = { 5, 35, 5 };

                table.SetWidths(topTableColumnsWidth);
              
                return table.AddBorderToTable();

public class Supplier
{
    [Key]
    public string Key {get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Category
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

public class Product
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Category")]
    public int CategoryId { get; set; }
    public Category Category { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Supplier")]
    public string SupplierId { get; set; }
    public virtual Supplier Supplier { get; set; }
}

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            ODataModelBuilder odataModelBuilder = new ODataConventionModelBuilder();

            var product = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Product>("Products");
            var category = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Category>("Categories");
            var supplier = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Supplier>("Suppliers");

            var edmModel = odataModelBuilder.GetEdmModel();

            supplier.EntityType.Ignore(c => c.Name);

            config.Select(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.MaxTop(25);
            config.OrderBy(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Count(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Expand(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Filter(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Count(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);

            //config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata", edmModel); // کانفیگ به صورت معمولی
           config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata",
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel);
                    builder.AddService<IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention>>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault());
                });
}

[EnableQuery]
        public IQueryable<Product> Get()
        {
            return new List<Product>
            {
                new Product { Id = 1, Name = "name 1", Price = 11, Category = new Category {Id =1, Name = "Cat1" } },
                new Product { Id = 2, Name = "name 2", Price = 12, Category = new Category {Id =2, Name = "Cat2" } },
                new Product { Id = 3, Name = "name 3", Price = 13, Category = new Category {Id =3, Name = "Cat3" } },
                new Product { Id = 4, Name = "name 4", Price = 14, Category = new Category {Id =4, Name = "Cat4" } },
            }.AsQueryable(); ;
        }

/odata/Products?$select=Id,Name

/odata/Products?$top=3&$skip=2

/odata/Products?$count=true

{@odata.context: "http://localhost:4516/odata/$metadata#Products", @odata.count: 4,…}
@odata.context:"http://localhost:4516/odata/$metadata#Products"
@odata.count:4
value:[{Id: 1, Name: "name 1", Price: 11, SupplierId: 0, CategoryId: 0},…]
0:{Id: 1, Name: "name 1", Price: 11, SupplierId: 0, CategoryId: 0}
1:{Id: 2, Name: "name 2", Price: 12, SupplierId: 0, CategoryId: 0}
2:{Id: 3, Name: "name 3", Price: 13, SupplierId: 0, CategoryId: 0}
3:{Id: 4, Name: "name 4", Price: 14, SupplierId: 0, CategoryId: 0}

/odata/Products?$filter=Id eq 1

/odata/Products?$filter=Id gt 1 and Id lt 3

/odata/Products?$orderby=Id desc

[EnableQuery(PageSize = 10)]

[EnableQuery(AllowedLogicalOperators=AllowedLogicalOperators.Equal)]

var product = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Product>("Products");
product.EntityType.Ignore(e => e.Price);

[EnableQuery(AllowedOrderByProperties = "Id,Name")]

public System.Web.Http.IHttpActionResult GetName(int key)
        {
            Product product = Get().Single(c => c.Id == key);            
            return Ok(product.Name);
        }

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
DataServiceVersion: 3.0
Content-Length: 3

Ali

public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [NotFilterable, NotSortable]
        public decimal Price { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey(nameof(SupplierId))]
        [NotNavigable]
        public virtual Supplier Supplier { get; set; }
        public int SupplierId { get; set; }


        [ForeignKey(nameof(CategoryId))]
        public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
        public int CategoryId { get; set; }

        [NotExpandable]
        public virtual ICollection<TestEntity> TestEnities { get; set; }
    }

public DateTimeOffset CreatedOn { get; set; }

/odata/Products?$filter=year(CreatedOn) eq 2016

/odata/Products?$filter=CreatedOn lt cast(2017-04-01T04:11:31%2B08:00,Edm.DateTimeOffset)

/odata/Categories?$expand=Products($filter=Id gt 1 and Id lt 5)

/odata/Categories?$expand=Products($select=Id,Name)

public class MyEnableQueryAttribute : EnableQueryAttribute
{
    public override IQueryable ApplyQuery(IQueryable queryable, ODataQueryOptions queryOptions)
    {
       // Don't apply Skip and Top.
       var ignoreQueryOptions = AllowedQueryOptions.Skip | AllowedQueryOptions.Top;
       return queryOptions.ApplyTo(queryable, ignoreQueryOptions);
    }
}

 public class CaseInsensitiveResolver : ODataUriResolver
    {
        private bool _enableCaseInsensitive;

        public override bool EnableCaseInsensitive
        {
            get { return true; }
            set { _enableCaseInsensitive = value; }
        }
    }

config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata",
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel);
                    builder.AddService<IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention>>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault());
                    builder.AddService<ODataUriResolver>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => new CaseInsensitiveResolver()); // how enable case sensitive
                });

namespace NHSample5.Domain
{
   public class Patient
   {
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }
       public virtual string FirstName { get; set; }
       public virtual string LastName { get; set; }
   }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace NHSample5.Domain
{
   public class Doctor
   {
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }
       public virtual string Name { get; set; }
       public virtual IList<Patient> Patients { get; set; }

       public Doctor()
       {
           Patients = new List<Patient>();
       }
   }
}

using NHibernate.Validator.Constraints;

namespace NHSample5.Domain
{
   public class Patient
   {
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }

       [Length(Min = 3, Max = 20,Message="طول نام باید بین 3 و 20 کاراکتر باشد")]
       public virtual string FirstName { get; set; }

       [Length(Min = 3, Max = 60, Message = "طول نام خانوادگی باید بین 3 و 60 کاراکتر باشد")]
       public virtual string LastName { get; set; }
   }
}

[NotNull]
[Pattern(Regex = "[A-Za-z0-9]+")]

using NHibernate.Validator.Cfg.Loquacious;
using NHSample5.Domain;

namespace NHSample5.Validation
{
   public class DoctorDef : ValidationDef<Doctor>
   {
       public DoctorDef()
       {
           Define(x => x.Name).LengthBetween(3, 50);
           Define(x => x.Patients).NotNullableAndNotEmpty();           
       }
   }
}

using NHSample5.Domain;
using NHibernate.Validator.Cfg.Loquacious;

namespace NHSample5.Validation
{
   public class PatientDef : ValidationDef<Patient>
   {
       public PatientDef()
       {
           Define(x => x.FirstName)
               .LengthBetween(3, 20)
               .WithMessage("طول نام باید بین 3 و 20 کاراکتر باشد");

           Define(x => x.LastName)
               .LengthBetween(3, 60)
               .WithMessage("طول نام خانوادگی باید بین 3 و 60 کاراکتر باشد");
       }
   }
}

       /// <summary>
       /// استفاده از اعتبار سنجی ویژه به صورت مستقیم
       /// در صورت استفاده از ویژگی‌ها
       /// </summary>
       static void WithoutConfiguringTheEngine()
       {
           //تعریف یک بیمار غیر معتبر
           var patient1 = new Patient() { FirstName = "V", LastName = "N" };
           var ve = new ValidatorEngine();
           var invalidValues = ve.Validate(patient1);
           if (invalidValues.Length == 0)
           {
               Console.WriteLine("patient1 is valid.");
           }
           else
           {
               Console.WriteLine("patient1 is NOT valid!");
               //نمایش پیغام‌های تعریف شده مربوط به هر فیلد
               foreach (var invalidValue in invalidValues)
               {
                   Console.WriteLine(
                       "{0}: {1}",
                       invalidValue.PropertyName,
                       invalidValue.Message);
               }
           }

           //تعریف یک بیمار معتبر بر اساس قیودات اعمالی
           var patient2 = new Patient() { FirstName = "وحید", LastName = "نصیری" };
           if (ve.IsValid(patient2))
           {
               Console.WriteLine("patient2 is valid.");
           }
           else
           {
               Console.WriteLine("patient2 is NOT valid!");
           }
       }

       public static ValidatorEngine GetFluentlyConfiguredEngine()
       {
           var vtor = new ValidatorEngine();
           var configuration = new FluentConfiguration();
           configuration
                   .Register(
                       Assembly
                         .GetExecutingAssembly()
                         .GetTypes()
                         .Where(t => t.Namespace.Equals("NHSample5.Validation"))
                         .ValidationDefinitions()
                    )
                   .SetDefaultValidatorMode(ValidatorMode.UseExternal);
           vtor.Configure(configuration);
           return vtor;
       }

       /// <summary>
       /// استفاده از اعتبار سنجی ویژه به صورت مستقیم
       /// در صورت تعریف آن‌ها با کمک
       /// ValidationDef
       /// </summary>
       static void WithConfiguringTheEngine()
       {
           var ve2 = VeConfig.GetFluentlyConfiguredEngine();
           var doctor1 = new Doctor() { Name = "S" };
           if (ve2.IsValid(doctor1))
           {
               Console.WriteLine("doctor1 is valid.");
           }
           else
           {
               Console.WriteLine("doctor1 is NOT valid!");
           }

           var patient1 = new Patient() { FirstName = "وحید", LastName = "نصیری" };
           if (ve2.IsValid(patient1))
           {
               Console.WriteLine("patient1 is valid.");
           }
           else
           {
               Console.WriteLine("patient1 is NOT valid!");
           }

           var doctor2 = new Doctor() { Name = "شمس", Patients = new List<Patient>() { patient1 } };
           if (ve2.IsValid(doctor2))
           {
               Console.WriteLine("doctor2 is valid.");
           }
           else
           {
               Console.WriteLine("doctor2 is NOT valid!");
           }
       }

       /// <summary>
       /// از این کانفیگ برای آغاز سشن فکتوری باید کمک گرفته شود
       /// </summary>
       /// <param name="nhConfiguration"></param>
       public static void BuildIntegratedFluentlyConfiguredEngine(ref Configuration nhConfiguration)
       {
           var vtor = new ValidatorEngine();
           var configuration = new FluentConfiguration();
           configuration
                   .Register(
                       Assembly
                         .GetExecutingAssembly()
                         .GetTypes()
                         .Where(t => t.Namespace.Equals("NHSample5.Validation"))
                         .ValidationDefinitions()
                    )
                   .SetDefaultValidatorMode(ValidatorMode.UseExternal)
                   .IntegrateWithNHibernate
                   .ApplyingDDLConstraints()
                   .And
                   .RegisteringListeners();
           vtor.Configure(configuration);

           //Registering of Listeners and DDL-applying here
           ValidatorInitializer.Initialize(nhConfiguration, vtor);           
       }

       SingletonCore()
       {
           Configuration cfg = DbConfig.GetConfig().BuildConfiguration();
           VeConfig.BuildIntegratedFluentlyConfiguredEngine(ref cfg);
           //با همان کانفیگ تنظیم شده برای اعتبار سنجی باید کار شروع شود
           _sessionFactory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory();        
       }

       /// <summary>
       /// استفاده از اعتبار سنجی یکپارچه و خودکار
       /// </summary>
       static void tryToSaveInvalidPatient()
       {
           using (Repository<Patient> repo = new Repository<Patient>())
           {
               try
               {
                   var patient1 = new Patient() { FirstName = "V", LastName = "N" };
                   repo.Save(patient1);
               }
               catch (InvalidStateException ex)
               {
                   Console.WriteLine("Validation failed!");
                   foreach (var invalidValue in ex.GetInvalidValues())
                       Console.WriteLine(
                           "{0}: {1}",
                           invalidValue.PropertyName,
                           invalidValue.Message);
                   log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("NHibernate.SQL").Error(ex);
               }
           }
       }

       /// <summary>
       /// استفاده از اعتبار سنجی یکپارچه و خودکار
       /// </summary>
       static void tryToSaveValidPatient()
       {
           using (Repository<Patient> repo = new Repository<Patient>())
           {
               var patient1 = new Patient() { FirstName = "Vahid", LastName = "Nasiri" };
               repo.Save(patient1);
           }
       }

       public static void CreateValidDb()
       {
           bool script = false;//آیا خروجی در کنسول هم نمایش داده شود 
           bool export = true;//آیا بر روی دیتابیس هم اجرا شود             
           bool dropTables = false;//آیا جداول موجود دراپ شوند

           Configuration cfg = DbConfig.GetConfig().BuildConfiguration();
           VeConfig.BuildIntegratedFluentlyConfiguredEngine(ref cfg);
           //با همان کانفیگ تنظیم شده برای اعتبار سنجی باید کار شروع شود

           new SchemaExport(cfg).Execute(script, export, dropTables);
       }

1. [CallerFilePath]:مسیر کد فراخواننده را نگه می‌دارد.
   
2. [CallerLineNumber]: شماره خط کد فراخواننده را  نگه می‌دارد.
   
3. [CallerMemberName] : نام کد فراخوان را نگه می‌دارد .
   

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; 
namespace ConsoleApplication8
{ 
  class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Test();
            Console.Read();
        }
        static void Test(
                [CallerMemberName] string memberName = null,
                [CallerFilePath] string filePath = null,
                [CallerLineNumber] int lineNumber = 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(memberName);
            Console.WriteLine(filePath);
            Console.WriteLine(lineNumber);
        }
    }
}

Main          
c:\Pojects\ConsoleApplication8\Program.cs       
9                

mysite.com/reporting

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace SampleProject.Models
{
    public class Channel
    {
        public string ChannelTitle { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string ChannelUrl { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace SampleProject.Models
{
    public static class ChannelDataSource
    {
        static ChannelDataSource() => Channels = new List<Channel>();
        public static List<Channel> Channels { get; private set; }
        public static void Add(Channel channel) => Channels.Add(channel);
    }
}

using SampleProject.Models;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace SampleProject.Controllers
{
    public class ChannelController : Controller
    {
        // GET: Channel
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var channels = ChannelDataSource.Channels;
            return View(channels);
        }

        public ActionResult Channel(string channelUrl)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(channelUrl))
            {
                return new HttpNotFoundResult("channel not found!");
            }
            var channel = ChannelDataSource.Channels.SingleOrDefault(ch => ch.ChannelUrl == channelUrl.ToLower());
            if (channel == null)
            {
                return new HttpNotFoundResult("channel not found!");
            }
            return View(channel);
        }

        public ActionResult Create() => View();

        [HttpPost]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Create(Channel channel)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "Please check your inputs!");
                return View(channel);
            }
            ChannelDataSource.Add(channel);
            TempData["Message"] = "Channel added successfully!";
            return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace SampleProject
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "ChannelUrls",
                url: "{channelurl}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Channel", action = "Channel", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Channel", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace SampleProject.Models
{
    public static class Utility
    {
        public static List<string> GetAllAreaNames()
        {
            var areaNames = RouteTable.Routes.OfType<Route>()
                            .Where(d => d.DataTokens != null)
                            .Where(d=> d.DataTokens.ContainsKey("area"))
                            .Select(r => r.DataTokens["area"].ToString().ToLower())
                            .ToList();
            return areaNames;
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using SampleProject.Models;

namespace SampleProject.CustomValidators
{
    public class CheckForAreaExisting : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable
    {
        public List<string> AreaNames
        {
            get
            {
                return Utility.GetAllAreaNames();
            }
        }
        public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context)
        {
            var rule = new ModelClientValidationRule
            {
                ValidationType = "checkforareaexisting",
                ErrorMessage = FormatErrorMessage(metadata.GetDisplayName())
            };
            rule.ValidationParameters.Add("areanames", string.Join(",", AreaNames));
            yield return rule;
        }

        public override bool IsValid(object value)
        {
            if (value != null)
            {
                return Utility.GetAllAreaNames()
                   .SingleOrDefault(area => area == value.ToString().ToLower()) == null;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
}

jQuery.validator.addMethod("checkforareaexisting",
    function (value, element, param) {
        var isValueOneOfTheAreaNames = $.inArray(value.toLowerCase(), param.areaNames) === -1;
        return isValueOneOfTheAreaNames;
    });

$.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.add('checkforareaexisting', ['areanames'], function (options) {
    options.rules['checkforareaexisting'] = { areaNames: options.params.areanames.split(',') };
    options.messages['checkforareaexisting'] = options.message;
});

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>_Layout</title>
    <style>

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        @RenderBody()
    </div>
    <script src="~/Scripts/Jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/CustomValidation.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

using SampleProject.CustomValidators;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace SampleProject.Models
{
    public class Channel
    {
        public string ChannelTitle { get; set; }
        [Required]
        [CheckForAreaExisting(ErrorMessage = "You can't use this url for your channel!")]
        public string ChannelUrl { get; set; }
    }
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult CheckForAreaExisting(string channelUrl)
{
    var isValueOneOfTheAreaNames = Utility.GetAllAreaNames()
                                   .SingleOrDefault(area => area == channelUrl.ToLower()) == null;
    return Json(isValueOneOfTheAreaNames);
}  

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace SampleProject.Models
{
    public class Channel
    {
        public string ChannelTitle { get; set; }
        [Required]
        [Remote("CheckForAreaExisting", "Channel",
            ErrorMessage = "You can't use this url for your channel!",
            HttpMethod = "Post")]
        public string ChannelUrl { get; set; }
    }
}