using MyConsole = System.Console;

MyConsole.WriteLine("Test console");

// Namespace alias
using SuperJSON = System.Text.Json;
var document = SuperJSON.JsonSerializer.Serialize("{}");

// Type alias
using SuperJSON = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer;
var document = SuperJSON.Serialize("{}");

using UnityEngine;
using System;

Random rnd = new Random();

var rnd = new System.Random();

using Random = System.Random;

using Ints = int[];
using DatabaseInt = int?;
using OptionalFloat = float?;
using Grade= decimal;
using Point3D = (int, int, int);
using Person = (string name, int age, string country);
using unsafe P = char*;
using Matrix = int[][];

Matrix aMatrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]];

using MyConsole = System.Console;
using Person = (string name, int age, string country);

Person person = new("User 1", 33, "Iran");
Console.WriteLine(person);
PrintPerson(person);

MyConsole.WriteLine("Test console");

static void PrintPerson(Person person)
{
   MyConsole.WriteLine($"{person.name}, {person.age}, {person.country}");
}

(User 1, 33, Iran)
User 1, 33, Iran
Test console

using Companies = System.Collections.Generic.List<Company>;

Companies GetCompanies()
{
   // logic here
}

class Company
{
   public string Name;
   public int Id;
}

using EventHandlers = System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Func<System.Threading.Tasks.Task>>;

using Country = (string Abbreviation, string Name);

Country GetCountry(string abbreviation)
{
   // Logic here
}

List<Country> GetCountries()
{
   // Logic here
}

using Ints = int[];
using DatabaseInt = int?;
using OptionalFloat = float?;

modelBuilder.UseCollation("SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS");

public static void SetCaseInsensitiveSearchesForSQLite(this ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    if (modelBuilder == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(modelBuilder));
    }

    modelBuilder.UseCollation("NOCASE");
    foreach (var property in modelBuilder.Model.GetEntityTypes()
                                            .SelectMany(t => t.GetProperties())
                                            .Where(p => p.ClrType == typeof(string)))
    {
        property.SetCollation("NOCASE");
    }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    if (modelBuilder == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(modelBuilder));
    }

    modelBuilder.SetCaseInsensitiveSearchesForSQLite();
}

using FluentValidationSample.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult RegisterValidateManually(RegisterModel model)
        {
            var validator = new RegisterModelValidator();
            var validationResult = validator.Validate(model);
            if (!validationResult.IsValid)
            {
                return BadRequest(validationResult.Errors[0].ErrorMessage);
            }

            // TODO: Save the model

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

public IActionResult RegisterValidateManually(RegisterModel model)
{
    var validator = new RegisterModelValidator();
    var validationResult = validator.Validate(model);
    if (!validationResult.IsValid)
    {
       validationResult.AddToModelState(ModelState, null);
       return BadRequest(ModelState);
    }

    // TODO: Save the model

    return Ok();
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddTransient<IValidator<RegisterModel>, RegisterModelValidator>();
            services.AddControllersWithViews();
        }

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IValidator<RegisterModel> _registerModelValidator;

        public HomeController(IValidator<RegisterModel> registerModelValidator)
        {
            _registerModelValidator = registerModelValidator;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult RegisterValidatorInjection(RegisterModel model)
        {
            var validationResult = _registerModelValidator.Validate(model);
            if (!validationResult.IsValid)
            {
                return BadRequest(validationResult.Errors[0].ErrorMessage);
            }

            // TODO: Save the model

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddTransient<IValidator<RegisterModel>, RegisterModelValidator>();
            services.AddControllersWithViews().AddFluentValidation();
        }

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult RegisterValidatorAutomatically(RegisterModel model)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // re-render the view when validation failed.
                return View(model);
            }

            // TODO: Save the model

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
    [Route("[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult RegisterValidatorAutomatically(RegisterModel model)
        {
            // TODO: Save the model

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

{
    "type": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.1",
    "title": "One or more validation errors occurred.",
    "status": 400,
    "traceId": "|84df05e2-41e0d4841bb61293.",
    "errors": {
        "FirstName": [
            "'First Name' must not be empty."
        ]
    }
}

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            // ...

            // override modelstate
            services.Configure<ApiBehaviorOptions>(options =>
            {
                options.InvalidModelStateResponseFactory = context =>
                {
                    var errors = context.ModelState.Values.SelectMany(x => x.Errors.Select(p => p.ErrorMessage)).ToList();
                    return new BadRequestObjectResult(new
                    {
                        Code = "00009",
                        Message = "Validation errors",
                        Errors = errors
                    });
                };
            });
        }

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllersWithViews().AddFluentValidation(
                fv => fv.RegisterValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<RegisterModelValidator>()
            );
        }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddControllersWithViews().AddFluentValidation(
       fv =>
       {
           fv.RegisterValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<RegisterModelValidator>();
           fv.RunDefaultMvcValidationAfterFluentValidationExecutes = false;
       }
    );
}

    public interface ICalculator<T>
    {
        T Add(T operand1, T operand2);
    }

    public class Calculator<T> : ICalculator<T>
    {
        public T Add(T operand1, T operand2)
        {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

 Operator '+' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'T'

    public class Calculator2<T>
    {
        public T Sum(List<T> list)
        {
            T sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
                sum += list[i];
            return sum;
        }
    }

    public interface ICalculator<T>
    {
        T Add(T operand1, T operand2);
    }

    public class Int32Calculator : ICalculator<int>
    {
        public int Add(int operand1, int operand2)
        {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

    public class AlgorithmLibrary<T> where T : new() 
    {
        private readonly ICalculator<T> _calculator;
        public AlgorithmLibrary(ICalculator<T> calculator)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
        }

        public T Sum(List<T> items)
        {
            var sum = new T();
            for (var i = 0; i < items.Count; i++)
            {
                sum = _calculator.Add(sum, items[i]);
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

 var result = new AlgorithmLibrary<int>(new Int32Calculator()).Sum(new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 });

    public class Algorithms<T> where T : new() 
    {
        public T Calculate(Func<T, T, T> add, IEnumerable<T> numbers)
        {
            var sum = new T();
            foreach (var number in numbers)
            {
                sum = add(sum, number);
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

 var result = new Algorithms<int>().Calculate((a, b) => a + b, new[] { 1, 2, 3 });

    public class Calculator<T> : ICalculator<T>
    {
        public T Add(T operand1, T operand2)
        {
            return (dynamic)operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

 var test = new Calculator<int>().Add(1, 2);

public T Add(T t1, T t2)
{
    if (typeof(T) == typeof(double))
    {
        var d1 = (double)t1;
        var d2 = (double)t2;
        return (T)(d1 + d2);
    }
    else if (typeof(T) == typeof(int)){
        var i1 = (int)t1;
        var i2 = (int)t2;
        return (T)(i1 + i2);
    }
    else ...
}

using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;

namespace GenericsArithmetic
{
    public class Solution3
    {
        public T Add<T>(T a, T b)
        {
            var paramA = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "a");
            var paramB = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "b");

            var body = Expression.Add(paramA, paramB);
            var add = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, T, T>>(body, paramA, paramB).Compile();
            return add(a, b);
        }
    }
}

public static T Sum<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
    T sum = Operator<T>.Zero;
    foreach (T value in source)
    {
            sum = Operator.Add(sum, value);
    }
    return sum;
}
 

 <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
@RenderBody()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <link href="~/Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.pjax.js"></script>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $(document).pjax('a[withpjax]', '#pjaxContainer', { timeout: 5000 });
        });
    </script>
</head>
    <body>
        <div>Main layout ...</div>
        <div id="pjaxContainer">
            @RenderBody()
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

@{
    if (Request.Headers["X-PJAX"] != null)
    {
        Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_PjaxLayout.cshtml";
    }
    else
    {
        Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace PajxMvcApp.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        public ActionResult About()
        {
            return View();
        }
    }
}

 @{
ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

<h2>Index</h2>

@Html.ActionLink(linkText: "About", actionName:"About", routeValues: null,
                         controllerName:"Home", htmlAttributes: new { withpjax = "with-pjax"})