//It's only for code review purpose!  
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Web.Configuration;


public sealed class SqlHelper
{
    private SqlHelper() { }

    
    //  Send Connection String
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static string GetCntString()
    {
        return WebConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["db_ConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
    }

   
    //  Connect to Data Base SqlServer
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static SqlConnection Connect2Db(ref SqlConnection sqlCnt, string cntString)
    {
        try
        {
            if (sqlCnt == null) sqlCnt = new SqlConnection();
            sqlCnt.ConnectionString = cntString;
            if (sqlCnt.State != ConnectionState.Open) sqlCnt.Open();
            return sqlCnt;
        }
        catch (SqlException)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

  
    //  Run ExecuteScalar Command
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static string RunExecuteScalarCmd(ref SqlConnection sqlCnt, string strCmd, bool blnClose)
    {
        Connect2Db(ref sqlCnt, GetCntString());
        using (sqlCnt)
        {
            using(SqlCommand sqlCmd = sqlCnt.CreateCommand())
            {
                sqlCmd.CommandText = strCmd;
                object objResult = sqlCmd.ExecuteScalar();
                if (blnClose) CloseCnt(ref sqlCnt, true);
                return (objResult == null) ? string.Empty : objResult.ToString();
            }
        }
    }

    //   Close SqlServer Connection
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static bool CloseCnt(ref SqlConnection sqlCnt, bool nullSqlCnt)
    {
        try
        {
            if (sqlCnt == null) return true;
            if (sqlCnt.State == ConnectionState.Open)
            {
                sqlCnt.Close();
                sqlCnt.Dispose();
            }
            if (nullSqlCnt) sqlCnt = null;
            return true;
        }
        catch (SqlException)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }   
}

protected void BtnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            SqlConnection sqlCnt = new SqlConnection();
            string strQuery = "SELECT COUNT(UnitPrice) AS PriceCount FROM [Order Details]";


            // در این مرحله پارامتر سوم یعنی کانکشن باز نگه داشته شود
            string strResult = SqlHelper.RunExecuteScalarCmd(ref sqlCnt, strQuery, false);



            strQuery = "SELECT LastName + N'-' + FirstName AS FullName FROM Employees WHERE (EmployeeID = 9)";
            // در این مرحله پارامتر سوم یعنی کانکشن بسته شود
            strResult = SqlHelper.RunExecuteScalarCmd(ref sqlCnt, strQuery, true);
        }

/// <summary>
    /// 
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sqlCnt"></param>
    /// <param name="cntString"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static SqlConnection Connect2Db(ref SqlConnection sqlCnt, string cntString)

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.Models
{
    public class Customer
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "Email address")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Email address is required.")]
        [RegularExpression(@"\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*",
                           ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid email address.")]
        public string Email { set; get; }

        [Range(0, 10)]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Rating is required.")]
        public double Rating { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "Start date")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Start date is required.")]
        public DateTime StartDate { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication9.Models;

namespace MvcApplication9.Controllers
{
    public class CustomerController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            var customer = new Customer();
            return View(customer);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(Customer customer)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                //todo: save data
                return Redirect("/");
            }
            return View(customer);
        }
    }
}

<appSettings>
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true"/>

@{ Html.EnableClientValidation(false); }

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>

@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
    <fieldset>
        <legend>Customer</legend>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
        </div>

<input data-val="true" data-val-required="The Birthday field is required." id="Birthday" name="Birthday" type="text" value="" />

<script src="../../Scripts/customvaildation.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.CustomValidators
{
    public class MyDateValidator : ValidationAttribute
    {
        public int MinYear { set; get; }

        public override bool IsValid(object value)
        {
            if (value == null) return false;

            var date = (DateTime)value;
            if (date > DateTime.Now || date < new DateTime(MinYear, 1, 1))
                return false;

            return true;
        }
    }
}

[Display(Name = "Start date")]
[Required(ErrorMessage = "Start date is required.")]
[MyDateValidator(MinYear = 2000,
                         ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid date.")]
public DateTime StartDate { set; get; }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using MvcApplication9.CustomValidators;

namespace MvcApplication9.Models
{
    public class Customer : IValidatableObject
    {
        //... same as before

        public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            var fields = new[] { "StartDate" };
            if (StartDate > DateTime.Now || StartDate < new DateTime(2000, 1, 1))
                yield return new ValidationResult("Please enter a valid date.", fields);

            if (Rating > 4 && StartDate < new DateTime(2003, 1, 1))
                yield return new ValidationResult("Accepted date should be greater than 2003", fields);
        }
    }
}

protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext validationContext)
{
    var info = validationContext.ObjectType.GetProperty("Rating");
    //...
    return ValidationResult.Success;
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication9.CustomValidators
{
    public class MyDateValidator : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable
    {
       // ... same as before

        public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(
                    ModelMetadata metadata, 
                    ControllerContext context)
        {
            var rule = new ModelClientValidationRule
            {
                ValidationType = "mydatevalidator",
                ErrorMessage = FormatErrorMessage(metadata.GetDisplayName())
            };
            yield return rule;
        }
    }
}

/// <reference path="jquery-1.5.1-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="jquery.validate-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js" />

jQuery.validator.addMethod("mydatevalidator",
 function (value, element, param) {
     return Date.parse(value) < new Date();
});

jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.addBool("mydatevalidator");

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/customvaildation.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>

1. .field-validation-error
2. .field-validation-valid
3. .input-validation-error
4. .input-validation-valid
5. .validation-summary-errors
6. .validation-summary-valid

[MetadataType(typeof(CustomerMetadata))]
public partial class Customer
{
    class CustomerMetadata
     {

     }
}

public partial class Customer : IValidatableObject
{

[Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")]
[StringLength(50)]
[System.Web.Mvc.Remote(action: "CheckUserNameAndEmail",
                               controller: "Customer",
                               AdditionalFields = "Email",
                               HttpMethod = "POST",
                               ErrorMessage = "Username is not available.")]
public string Name { set; get; }

[HttpPost]
[OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
public ActionResult CheckUserNameAndEmail(string name, string email)
{
      if (name.ToLowerInvariant() == "vahid") return Json(false);
      if (email.ToLowerInvariant() == "name@site.com") return Json(false);
      //...
      return Json(true);
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MvcApplication9.Helper
{
    public static class ValidationHelper
    {
        public static bool TryValidateObject(this object instance)
        {
            return Validator.TryValidateObject(instance, new ValidationContext(instance, null, null), null);
        }
    }
}

           string source =
           @"
               namespace Foo
               {
                    public class Bar
                    {
                        static void Main(string[] args)
                        {
                            Bar.SayHello();
                        }

                        public static void SayHello()
                        {
                            System.Console.WriteLine(""Hello World"");
                        }
                    }
               }
            ";

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
//دو فضای نامی که برای این منظور اضافه شده‌اند
using Microsoft.CSharp;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;

namespace compilerTest
{
   class Program
   {
       static void compileIt1()
       {
           //سورس کد ما جهت کامپایل
           string source =
           @"
               namespace Foo
               {
                    public class Bar
                    {
                        static void Main(string[] args)
                        {
                            Bar.SayHello();
                        }

                        public static void SayHello()
                        {
                            System.Console.WriteLine(""Hello World"");
                        }
                    }
               }
            ";

           //تعیین نگارش کامپایلر مورد استفاده
           Dictionary<string, string> providerOptions = new Dictionary<string, string>
                {
                    {"CompilerVersion", "v3.5"}
                };
           //تعیین اینکه کد ما سی شارپ است
           CSharpCodeProvider provider = new CSharpCodeProvider(providerOptions);

           //تعیین اینکه خروجی یک فایل اجرایی است بعلاوه مشخص سازی محل ذخیره سازی فایل نهایی
           CompilerParameters compilerParams = new CompilerParameters
           {
               OutputAssembly = "D:\\Foo.EXE",
               GenerateExecutable = true
           };

           //عملیات کامپایل در اینجا صورت می‌گیرد
           CompilerResults results = provider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(compilerParams, source);

           //اگر خطایی وجود داشته باشد نمایش داده خواهد شد
           Console.WriteLine("Number of Errors: {0}", results.Errors.Count);
           foreach (CompilerError err in results.Errors)
           {
               Console.WriteLine("ERROR {0}", err.ErrorText);
           }
       }

       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           compileIt1();

           Console.WriteLine("Press a key...");
           Console.ReadKey();
       }
   }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.CSharp;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.Reflection;

namespace compilerTest
{
   class Program
   {
       static void compileIt2()
       {
           //سورس کد ما جهت کامپایل
           string source =
           @"
               namespace Foo
               {
                    public class Bar
                    {
                        static void Main(string[] args)
                        {
                            Bar.SayHello();
                        }

                        public static void SayHello()
                        {
                            System.Console.WriteLine(""Hello World"");
                        }
                    }
               }
            ";

           //تعیین نگارش کامپایلر مورد استفاده
           Dictionary<string, string> providerOptions = new Dictionary<string, string>
                {
                    {"CompilerVersion", "v3.5"}
                };
           //تعیین اینکه کد ما سی شارپ است
           CSharpCodeProvider provider = new CSharpCodeProvider(providerOptions);

           //نحوه تعیین مشخص سازی کامپایل در حافظه
           CompilerParameters compilerParams = new CompilerParameters
           {
               GenerateInMemory = true,
               GenerateExecutable = false
           };

           //عملیات کامپایل در اینجا صورت می‌گیرد
           CompilerResults results = provider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(compilerParams, source);

           // اگر خطایی در کامپایل وجود نداشت متد دلخواه را فراخوانی می‌کنیم
           if (results.Errors.Count == 0)
           {
               //استفاده از ریفلکشن برای دسترسی به متد و فراخوانی آن
               Type type = results.CompiledAssembly.GetType("Foo.Bar");
               MethodInfo method = type.GetMethod("SayHello");
               method.Invoke(null, null);
           }
       }


       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           compileIt2();

           Console.WriteLine("Press a key...");
           Console.ReadKey();
       }
   }
}

           string source =
           @"
             namespace Foo
             {
            
                 public class Bar
                 {
                     static void Main(string[] args)
                     {
                         Bar.SayHello();
                     }
            
                     public static void SayHello()
                     {
                         System.Console.WriteLine(""Hello World"");
                         var r = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0,0,100,100);
                         System.Console.WriteLine(r);             
                     }
                 }
             }
            ";

Number of Errors: 1
ERROR The type or namespace name 'Drawing' does not exist in the namespace 'System' (are you missing an assembly reference?)

compilerParams.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Drawing.Dll");

...
     <behavior name="">
        <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="false" httpsGetUrl="false" />
...
     </behavior>
...

<!-- <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding"
              contract="IMetadataExchange" /> -->

The HTML document does not contain Web service discovery information.
Metadata contains a reference that cannot be resolved.

Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo("fa-IR");
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture("fa-IR");

[Required(ErrorMessageResourceName = "ResourceKeyName", ErrorMessageResourceType = typeof(<SolutionName>.Resources.<ResourceClassName>))]

public class LocalizationDisplayNameAttribute : DisplayNameAttribute
  {
    private readonly DisplayAttribute _display;
    public LocalizationDisplayNameAttribute(string resourceName, Type resourceType)
    {
      _display = new DisplayAttribute { ResourceType = resourceType, Name = resourceName };
    }
    public override string DisplayName
    {
      get
      {
        try
        {
          return _display.GetName();
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
          return _display.Name;
        }
      }
    }
  }

public class LocalizationDisplayNameAttribute : DisplayNameAttribute
{
    private readonly PropertyInfo nameProperty;
    public LocalizationDisplayNameAttribute(string displayNameKey, Type resourceType = null)
        : base(displayNameKey)
    {
        if (resourceType != null)
            nameProperty = resourceType.GetProperty(base.DisplayName, BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public);
    }
    public override string DisplayName
    {
        get
        {
            if (nameProperty == null) base.DisplayName;
            return (string)nameProperty.GetValue(nameProperty.DeclaringType, null);
        }
    }
}

[LocalizationDisplayName("ResourceKeyName", typeof(<SolutionName>.Resources.<ResourceClassName>))]

public class BaseController : Controller
  {
    private const string LanguageCookieName = "MyLanguageCookieName";
    protected override void ExecuteCore()
    {
      var cookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies[LanguageCookieName];
      string lang;
      if (cookie != null)
      {
        lang = cookie.Value;
      }
      else
      {
        lang = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DefaultCulture"] ?? "fa-IR";
        var httpCookie = new HttpCookie(LanguageCookieName, lang) { Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1) };
        HttpContext.Response.SetCookie(httpCookie);
      }
      Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(lang);
      base.ExecuteCore();
    }
  }

public class LocalizationActionFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
  {
    private const string LanguageCookieName = "MyLanguageCookieName";
    public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
    {
      var cookie = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Cookies[LanguageCookieName];
      string lang;
      if (cookie != null)
      {
        lang = cookie.Value;
      }
      else
      {
        lang = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DefaultCulture"] ?? "fa-IR";
        var httpCookie = new HttpCookie(LanguageCookieName, lang) { Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1) };
        filterContext.HttpContext.Response.SetCookie(httpCookie);
      }
      Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(lang);
      base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
    }
  }

<select id="langs" onchange="languageChanged()">
  <option value="fa-IR">فارسی</option>
  <option value="en-US">انگلیسی</option>
</select>
<script type="text/javascript">
  function languageChanged() {
    setCookie("MyLanguageCookieName", $('#langs').val(), 365);
    window.location.reload();
  }
  document.ready = function () {
    $('#langs').val(getCookie("MyLanguageCookieName"));
  };
  function setCookie(name, value, exdays, path) {
    var exdate = new Date();
    exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + exdays);
    var newValue = escape(value) + ((exdays == null) ? "" : "; expires=" + exdate.toUTCString()) + ((path == null) ? "" : "; path=" + path) ;
    document.cookie = name + "=" + newValue;
  }
  function getCookie(name) {
    var i, x, y, cookies = document.cookie.split(";");
    for (i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
      x = cookies[i].substr(0, cookies[i].indexOf("="));
      y = cookies[i].substr(cookies[i].indexOf("=") + 1);
      x = x.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, "");
      if (x == name) {
        return unescape(y);
      }
    }
  }
</script> 

GET https://www.dntips.ir HTTP/1.1
...
Accept-Language: fa-IR,en-US;q=0.5
...

Accept-Language: fa-IR,fa;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,ar-BH;q=0.3

<system.web>
    <globalization enableClientBasedCulture="true" uiCulture="auto" culture="auto"></globalization>
</system.web>

var langs = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.UserLanguages;

routes.MapRoute(
    "Localization", // Route name
    "{lang}/{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults
);

public class BaseController : Controller
{
  protected override void ExecuteCore()
  {
    var lang = RouteData.Values["lang"];
    if (lang != null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lang.ToString()))
    {
      Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(lang.ToString());
    }
    base.ExecuteCore();
  }
}

public class BaseController : Controller
{
  protected override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context)
  {
    var view = context.Result as ViewResultBase;
    if (view == null) return; // not a view
    var viewName = view.ViewName;
    view.ViewName = GetGlobalizationViewName(viewName, context);
    base.OnActionExecuted(context);
  }
  private static string GetGlobalizationViewName(string viewName, ControllerContext context)
  {
    var cultureName = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name;
    if (cultureName == "en-US") return viewName; // default culture
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(viewName))
      return context.RouteData.Values["action"] + "." + cultureName; // "Index.fa"
    int i;
    if ((i = viewName.IndexOf('.')) > 0) // ex: Index.cshtml
      return viewName.Substring(0, i + 1) + cultureName + viewName.Substring(i); // "Index.fa.cshtml"
    return viewName + "." + cultureName; // "Index" ==> "Index.fa"
  }
}

public sealed class RazorGlobalizationViewEngine : RazorViewEngine
  {
    protected override IView CreatePartialView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string partialPath)
    {
      return base.CreatePartialView(controllerContext, GetGlobalizationViewPath(controllerContext, partialPath));
    }
    protected override IView CreateView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewPath, string masterPath)
    {
      return base.CreateView(controllerContext, GetGlobalizationViewPath(controllerContext, viewPath), masterPath);
    }
    private static string GetGlobalizationViewPath(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewPath)
    {
      //var controllerName = controllerContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller");
      var request = controllerContext.HttpContext.Request;
      var lang = request.Cookies["MyLanguageCookie"];
      if (lang != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(lang.Value) && lang.Value != "en-US")
      {
        var localizedViewPath = Regex.Replace(viewPath, "^~/Views/", string.Format("~/Views/Globalization/{0}/", lang.Value));
        if (File.Exists(request.MapPath(localizedViewPath))) viewPath = localizedViewPath;
      }
      return viewPath;
    }

protected void Application_Start()
{
  ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();
  ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new RazorGlobalizationViewEngine());
}

            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
            }

@page "/counter"

<PageTitle>Counter</PageTitle>

<h1>Counter</h1>

<p role="status">Current count: @currentCount</p>

<button @onclick="IncrementCount">Click me</button>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;

    private void IncrementCount()
    {
        currentCount++;
        throw new Exception("This is my Exception !!");
    }
}

    public class TasksController : Controller
    {
        private readonly ITaskRepository taskRepository;

        // If you are using Dependency Injection, you can delete the following constructor
        public TasksController()
            : this(new TaskRepository())
        {
        }

        public TasksController(ITaskRepository taskRepository)
        {
            this.taskRepository = taskRepository;
        }