void WriteFile()
        {
            using (var doc = new Document(PageSize.LETTER))
            {
                using (var fs = new FileStream("test.pdf", FileMode.Create))
                {
                    using (var writer = PdfWriter.GetInstance(doc, fs))
                    {
                        doc.Open();
                        var blueFont = FontFactory.GetFont("Arial", 12, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLUE);
                        doc.Add(new Chunk("Go to URL", blueFont).SetAction(new PdfAction("http://www.google.com/", false)));

                        doc.NewPage();
                        doc.Add(new Chunk("Go to Test", blueFont).SetLocalGoto("entry1"));

                        doc.NewPage();
                        doc.Add(new Chunk("Test").SetLocalDestination("entry1"));

                        doc.Close();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace ReplaceLinks
{
    public class ReplacePdfLinks
    {
        Dictionary<string, PdfObject> _namedDestinations;
        PdfReader _reader;

        public string InputPdf { set; get; }
        public string OutputPdf { set; get; }
        public Func<Uri, string> UriToNamedDestination { set; get; }

        public void Start()
        {
            updatePdfLinks();
            saveChanges();
        }

        private PdfArray getAnnotationsOfCurrentPage(int pageNumber)
        {
            var pageDictionary = _reader.GetPageN(pageNumber);
            var annotations = pageDictionary.GetAsArray(PdfName.ANNOTS);
            return annotations;
        }

        private static bool hasAction(PdfDictionary annotationDictionary)
        {
            return annotationDictionary.Get(PdfName.SUBTYPE).Equals(PdfName.LINK);
        }

        private static bool isUriAction(PdfDictionary annotationAction)
        {
            return annotationAction.Get(PdfName.S).Equals(PdfName.URI);
        }

        private void replaceUriWithLocalDestination(PdfDictionary annotationAction)
        {
            var uri = annotationAction.Get(PdfName.URI) as PdfString;
            if (uri == null)
                return;

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(uri.ToString()))
                return;

            var namedDestination = UriToNamedDestination(new Uri(uri.ToString()));
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(namedDestination))
                return;

            PdfObject entry;
            if (!_namedDestinations.TryGetValue(namedDestination, out entry))
                return;

            annotationAction.Remove(PdfName.S);
            annotationAction.Remove(PdfName.URI);

            var newLocalDestination = new PdfArray();
            annotationAction.Put(PdfName.S, PdfName.GOTO);
            var xRef = ((PdfArray)entry).First(x => x is PdfIndirectReference);
            newLocalDestination.Add(xRef);
            newLocalDestination.Add(PdfName.FITH);
            annotationAction.Put(PdfName.D, newLocalDestination);
        }

        private void saveChanges()
        {
            using (var fileStream = new FileStream(OutputPdf, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None))
            using (var stamper = new PdfStamper(_reader, fileStream))
            {
                stamper.Close();
            }
        }

        private void updatePdfLinks()
        {
            _reader = new PdfReader(InputPdf);
            _namedDestinations = _reader.GetNamedDestinationFromStrings();

            var pageCount = _reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (var i = 1; i <= pageCount; i++)
            {
                var annotations = getAnnotationsOfCurrentPage(i);
                if (annotations == null || !annotations.Any())
                    continue;

                foreach (var annotation in annotations.ArrayList)
                {
                    var annotationDictionary = (PdfDictionary)PdfReader.GetPdfObject(annotation);

                    if (!hasAction(annotationDictionary))
                        continue;

                    var annotationAction = annotationDictionary.Get(PdfName.A) as PdfDictionary;
                    if (annotationAction == null)
                        continue;

                    if (!isUriAction(annotationAction))
                        continue;

                    replaceUriWithLocalDestination(annotationAction);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

            new ReplacePdfLinks
            {
                InputPdf = @"test.pdf",
                OutputPdf = "mod.pdf",
                UriToNamedDestination = uri =>
                {
                    if (uri.Host.ToLowerInvariant().Contains("google.com"))
                    {
                        return "entry1";
                    }

                    return string.Empty;
                }
            }.Start();

annotationAction.Put(PdfName.URI, new PdfString("http://www.bing.com/"));

newLocalDestination.Add((PdfObject)_reader.GetPageOrigRef(pageNum: 2));

public class AuthorizationPolicyProvider : DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider
{
    public AuthorizationPolicyProvider(IOptions<AuthorizationOptions> options)
        : base(options)
    {
    }

    public override Task<AuthorizationPolicy> GetPolicyAsync(string policyName)
    {
        if (!policyName.StartsWith(PermissionAuthorizeAttribute.PolicyPrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        {
            return base.GetPolicyAsync(policyName);
        }

        var permissionNames = policyName.Substring(PermissionAuthorizeAttribute.PolicyPrefix.Length).Split(',');

        var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
            .RequireClaim(CustomClaimTypes.Permission, permissionNames)
            .Build();

        return Task.FromResult(policy);
    }
}

services.AddSingleton<IAuthorizationPolicyProvider, AuthorizationPolicyProvider>();

    public class PermissionAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        internal const string PolicyPrefix = "PERMISSION:";

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of <see cref="AuthorizeAttribute"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="permissions">A list of permissions to authorize</param>
        public PermissionAuthorizeAttribute(params string[] permissions)
        {
            Policy = $"{PolicyPrefix}{string.Join(",", permissions)}";
        }
    }

[PermissionAuthorize(PermissionNames.Projects_View)]
public IActionResult Get(FilteredQueryModel query)
{
   //...
}
[PermissionAuthorize(PermissionNames.Projects_Create)]
public IActionResult Post(ProjectModel model)
{
   //...
}

// Only used by EF Tooling
        public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args)
        {
            return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder()
                .ConfigureAppConfiguration((ctx, cfg) =>
                {
                    cfg.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
                        .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true) // require the json file!
                        .AddEnvironmentVariables();
                })
                .ConfigureLogging((ctx, logging) => { }) // No logging
                .UseStartup()
                .UseSetting("DesignTime", "true")
                .Build();
        }

UseSetting("DesignTime", "true")

if (_config["DesignTime"] != "true")
{
  using (var scope = app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope())
  {
    var initializer = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<YourSampleDataInitializer>();
    initializer.RunAsync().Wait();
  }
}

public class BloggingContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<BloggingContext>
    {
        public BloggingContext Create(string[] args)
        {
            var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<BloggingContext>();
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlite("Data Source=blog.db");

            return new BloggingContext(optionsBuilder.Options);
        }
    }

public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            BuildWebHost(args).Run();
        }

        public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
            WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseStartup<Startup>()
                .Build();

public abstract class AdoMapper<T> where T : class
{
    private readonly SqlConnection _connection;
 
    protected AdoMapper(string connectionString)
    {
        _connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
    }
 
    protected virtual IEnumerable<T> ExecuteCommand(SqlCommand command)
    {
        command.Connection = _connection;
        command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
        _connection.Open();
 
        try
        {
            var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
            try
            {
                return Mapper.Map<IDataReader, IEnumerable<T>>(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            _connection.Close();
        }
    }
 
    protected virtual T GetRecord(SqlCommand command)
    {
        command.Connection = _connection;
        _connection.Open();
        try
        {
            var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
            try
            {
                reader.Read();
                return Mapper.Map<IDataReader, T>(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            _connection.Close();
        }
    }
 
    protected virtual IEnumerable<T> GetRecords(SqlCommand command)
    {
        command.Connection = _connection;
        _connection.Open();
        try
        {
            var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
            try
            {
                return Mapper.Map<IDataReader, IEnumerable<T>>(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            _connection.Close();
        }
    }
}

public class UsersService : AdoMapper<User>, IUsersService
{
    public UsersService(string connectionString)
        : base(connectionString)
    {
    }
 
    public IEnumerable<User> GetAll()
    {
        using (var command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Users"))
        {
            return GetRecords(command);
        }
    }
 
    public User GetById(int id)
    {
        using (var command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Id = @id"))
        {
            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("id", id));
            return GetRecord(command);
        }
    }
}

public class UsersProfile : Profile
{
    protected override void Configure()
    {
        this.CreateMap<IDataRecord, User>();
    }
 
    public override string ProfileName
    {
        get { return this.GetType().Name; }
    }
}

Mapper.Initialize(cfg => // In Application_Start()
{
    cfg.AddProfile<UsersProfile>();
});

public class Advertisement
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public int UserId { get; set; }
 
    public string TitleWithOtherName { get; set; }
}

public class AdvertisementsProfile : Profile
{
    protected override void Configure()
    {
        this.CreateMap<IDataRecord, Advertisement>()
            .ForMember(dest => dest.TitleWithOtherName,
                       options => options.MapFrom(src =>
                            src.GetString(src.GetOrdinal("Title"))));
    }
 
    public override string ProfileName
    {
        get { return this.GetType().Name; }
    }
}

    //Stateful
    public class UserProfile
    {
        private User _user;
        private string _address;

        public void UpdateUser(int userId, string name)
        {
            _user = new User(userId, name);
        }
    }

    //Stateless
    public class User
    {
        public User(int id, string name)
        {
            Id = id;
            Name = name;
        }

        public int Id { get; }
        public string Name { get; }
    }

    public class UserProfile
    {
        private readonly User _user;
        private readonly string _address;

        public UserProfile(User user,string address)
        {
            _user = user;
            _address = address;
        }
        public UserProfile UpdateUser(int userId, string name)
        {
            var newUser = new User(userId, name);
            return  new UserProfile(newUser,_address);
        }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public User(int id, string name)
        {
            Id = id;
            Name = name;
        }

        public int Id { get; }
        public string Name { get; }
    }

//Create Immutable List
ImmutableList<string> list = ImmutableList.Create<string>();
ImmutableList<string> list2 = list.Add("Salam");

//Builder
ImmutableList<string>.Builder builder = ImmutableList.CreateBuilder<string>();
builder.Add("avali");
builder.Add("dovomi");
builder.Add("sevomi");

ImmutableList<string> immutableList = builder.ToImmutable();

چطور با side effect کنار بیایم؟ 

یکی از الگوهای رایج برای این کار، مفهوم جدا سازی Command/Query است. به طور ساده تمامی عملیاتی را که تاثیر گذار هستند، به صورت Command در نظر میگیریم. Command ‌ها معمولا هیچ نوعی را بازگشت نمیدهند و همینطور بر عکس این قضیه برای Query ‌ها صادق است. اشتباه رایج درباره این الگو، محدود کردن این الگو به معماری‌های خاصی مانند Domain Driven می‌باشد؛ در صورتیکه الزامی برای رعایت این الگو در سایر معماری‌ها وجود ندارد. 

به مثال زیر دقت کنید. سعی کردم قسمت‌های Command و Query را از هم جدا کنم: 

در واقع هر برنامه می‌تواند شامل دو قسمت باشد:

قسمتی که در آن منطق تجاری برنامه پیاده سازی می‌شود و باید به صورت Immutable باشد که یک خروجی را تولید میکند و قسمت دیگر برنامه که خروجی تولید شده را برای ذخیره سازی وضعیت سیستم استفاده می‌کند. 

برای مسائلی که در بالا صحبت شد، نمونه‌‌ای را آماده کرده‌ام. این نمونه به طور ساده یک سیستم مدیریت نوبت است که نوبت‌ها را در فایلی ذخیره و بازیابی میکند ( mutate ) و منطق مربوط به نوبت‌ها و زمان ویزیت آن میتواند به صورت immutable پیاده سازی شود. این کد در دو حالت functional و غیر functional پیاده سازی شده تا به خوبی تفاوت آن را در حالت قبل و بعد از برنامه نویسی تابعی بتوانیم درک کنیم. به جهت خوانایی بیشتر و دسترسی به کد‌ها، آن‌ها را روی گیت‌هاب قرار داده و شما میتوانید از اینجا سورس کد مورد نظر را بررسی کنید. سعی شده در این مثال تمامی مواردی که در این قسمت ذکر شد را پیاده سازی کنیم. امیدوارم که مطالب مربوط به برنامه نویسی تابعی یا functional programming توانسته باشد دیدگاه جدیدی را به کدهایی که مینویسیم بدهد. در  قسمت‌های بعدی به مواردی مانند مدیریت exception ‌ها و کار با null ‌ها و ... خواهیم پرداخت.

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { CanActivate } from '@angular/router';

@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
    canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): boolean {

    }
}

 >ng g guard user/auth -m user/user.module

 installing guard
  create src\app\user\auth.guard.spec.ts
  create src\app\user\auth.guard.ts
  update src\app\user\user.module.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, CanActivate, Router } from '@angular/router';

import { AuthService } from './auth.service';

@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {

  constructor(private authService: AuthService,
    private router: Router) { }

  canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): boolean {
    return this.checkLoggedIn(state.url);
  }

  checkLoggedIn(url: string): boolean {
    if (this.authService.isLoggedIn()) {
      return true;
    }
    this.authService.redirectUrl = url;
    this.router.navigate(['/login']);
    return false;
  }
}

export class AuthService {
   currentUser: IUser;
   redirectUrl: string;

export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
    canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): boolean {

isLoggedIn(): boolean {
   return !this.currentUser;
}

import { AuthGuard } from './../user/auth.guard';

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'products',
    canActivate: [ AuthGuard ],
    children: [    ]
  }
];

      if (this.authService.login(userName, password)) {
        if (this.authService.redirectUrl) {
          this.router.navigateByUrl(this.authService.redirectUrl);
        } else {
          this.router.navigate(['/products']);
        }
      }

 >ng g guard product/ProductEdit -m product/product.module

 installing guard
  create src\app\product\product-edit.guard.spec.ts
  create src\app\product\product-edit.guard.ts
  update src\app\product\product.module.ts

export  class ProductEditGuard implements CanDeactivate<ProductEditComponent> {
    canDeactivate(component: ProductEditComponent): boolean {

  get product(): IProduct {
    return this.currentProduct;
  }
  set product(value: IProduct) {
    this.currentProduct = value;
    // Clone the object to retain a copy
    this.originalProduct = Object.assign({}, value);
  }

  get isDirty(): boolean {
    return JSON.stringify(this.originalProduct) !== JSON.stringify(this.currentProduct);
  }

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { CanDeactivate } from '@angular/router';

import { ProductEditComponent } from './product-edit/product-edit.component';

@Injectable()
export class ProductEditGuard implements CanDeactivate<ProductEditComponent> {

  canDeactivate(component: ProductEditComponent): boolean {
    if (component.isDirty) {
      let productName = component.product.productName || 'New Product';
      return confirm(`Navigate away and lose all changes to ${productName}?`);
    }
    return true;
  }
}

import { ProductEditGuard } from './product-edit.guard';

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'products',
    canActivate: [ AuthGuard ],    
    children: [
      {
        path: '',
        component: ProductListComponent
      },
      {
        path: ':id',
        component: ProductDetailComponent,
        resolve: { product: ProductResolverService }
      },
      {
        path: ':id/edit',
        component: ProductEditComponent,
        resolve: { product: ProductResolverService },
        canDeactivate: [ ProductEditGuard ],
        children: [
          { path: '', redirectTo: 'info', pathMatch: 'full' },
          { path: 'info', component: ProductEditInfoComponent },
          { path: 'tags', component: ProductEditTagsComponent }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
];

reset(): void {
    this.dataIsValid = null;
    this.currentProduct = null;
    this.originalProduct = null;
  }

  onSaveComplete(message?: string): void {
    if (message) {
      this.messageService.addMessage(message);
    }
    this.reset();

    // Navigate back to the product list
    this.router.navigate(['/products']);
  }

export function getLocalJwt(){
  return localStorage.getItem(tokenKey);
}

import * as auth from "./authService";

axios.defaults.headers.common["Authorization"] = "Bearer " + auth.getLocalJwt();

Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'tokenKey' before initialization

function setJwt(jwt) {
  axios.defaults.headers.common["Authorization"] = "Bearer " + jwt;
}

//...

export default {
  // ...
  setJwt
};

http.setJwt(getLocalJwt());

function checkExpirationDate(user) {
  if (!user || !user.exp) {
    throw new Error("This access token doesn't have an expiration date!");
  }

  user.expirationDateUtc = new Date(0); // The 0 sets the date to the epoch
  user.expirationDateUtc.setUTCSeconds(user.exp);

  const isAccessTokenTokenExpired =
    user.expirationDateUtc.valueOf() < new Date().valueOf();
  if (isAccessTokenTokenExpired) {
    throw new Error("This access token is expired!");
  }
}

if (user.IsAdmin)
{
   claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, CustomRoles.Admin, ClaimValueTypes.String, _configuration.Value.Issuer));
}

{
  // ...
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role": "Admin",
  // ...
}

    public class User : BaseModel
    {
        [Required, MinLength(2), MaxLength(50)]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [Required, MinLength(5), MaxLength(255)]
        public string Email { set; get; }

        [Required, MinLength(5), MaxLength(1024)]
        public string Password { set; get; }

        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult<User> Create(
            [FromBody]
            [Bind(nameof(Models.User.Name), nameof(Models.User.Email), nameof(Models.User.Password))]
            User data)
        {

<NavBar user={this.state.currentUser} />

<Route
   path="/movies"
   render={props => <Movies {...props} user={this.state.currentUser} />}
/>

class Movies extends Component {
  // ...

  render() {
    const { user } = this.props;
    // ...

{user && (
  <Link
    to="/movies/new"
    className="btn btn-primary"
    style={{ marginBottom: 20 }}
  >
    New Movie
  </Link>
)}

{
  // ...
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role": "Admin",
  // ...
}

function addRoles(user) {
  const roles =
    user["http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role"];
  if (roles) {
    if (Array.isArray(roles)) {
      user.roles = roles.map(role => role.toLowerCase());
    } else {
      user.roles = [roles.toLowerCase()];
    }
  }
}

export function isAuthUserInRoles(user, requiredRoles) {
  if (!user || !user.roles) {
    return false;
  }

  if (user.roles.indexOf(adminRoleName.toLowerCase()) >= 0) {
    return true; // The `Admin` role has full access to every pages.
  }

  return requiredRoles.some(requiredRole => {
    if (user.roles) {
      return user.roles.indexOf(requiredRole.toLowerCase()) >= 0;
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  });
}

export function isAuthUserInRole(user, requiredRole) {
  return isAuthUserInRoles(user, [requiredRole]);
}

import { adminRoleName, apiUrl } from "../config.json";

{
  "apiUrl": "https://localhost:5001/api",
  "adminRoleName": "Admin"
}

import * as auth from "../services/authService";

class MoviesTable extends Component {
  columns = [ ... ];
  // ...

  deleteColumn = {
    key: "delete",
    content: movie => (
      <button
        onClick={() => this.props.onDelete(movie)}
        className="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
      >
        Delete
      </button>
    )
  };

  constructor() {
    super();
    const user = auth.getCurrentUser();
    if (user && auth.isAuthUserInRole(user, "Admin")) {
      this.columns.push(this.deleteColumn);
    }
  }