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using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Client.Logging
{
    public class ClientLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
        private readonly WebApiLoggerOptions _options;
        private readonly NavigationManager _navigationManager;

        public ClientLoggerProvider(
                IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                IOptions<WebApiLoggerOptions> options,
                NavigationManager navigationManager)
        {
            if (serviceProvider is null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(serviceProvider));
            }

            if (options is null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
            }

            _httpClient = serviceProvider.CreateScope().ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<HttpClient>();
            _options = options.Value;
            _navigationManager = navigationManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(navigationManager));
        }

        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            return new WebApiLogger(_httpClient, _options, _navigationManager);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Client.Logging
{
    public static class ClientLoggerProviderExtensions
    {
        public static ILoggingBuilder AddWebApiLogger(this ILoggingBuilder builder)
        {
            if (builder == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
            }

            builder.Services.AddSingleton<ILoggerProvider, ClientLoggerProvider>();
            return builder;
        }
    }
}

public ClientLoggerProvider(
                IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                IOptions<WebApiLoggerOptions> options,
                NavigationManager navigationManager)

public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
{
   return new WebApiLogger(_httpClient, _options, _navigationManager);
}

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Shared;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Client.Logging
{
    public class WebApiLogger : ILogger
    {
        private readonly WebApiLoggerOptions _options;
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
        private readonly NavigationManager _navigationManager;

        public WebApiLogger(HttpClient httpClient, WebApiLoggerOptions options, NavigationManager navigationManager)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpClient));
            _options = options ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
            _navigationManager = navigationManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(navigationManager));
        }

        public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state) => default;

        public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel) => logLevel >= _options.LogLevel;

        public void Log<TState>(
            LogLevel logLevel,
            EventId eventId,
            TState state,
            Exception exception,
            Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
        {
            if (!IsEnabled(logLevel))
            {
                return;
            }

            if (formatter is null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(formatter));
            }

            try
            {
                ClientLog log = new()
                {
                    LogLevel = logLevel,
                    EventId = eventId,
                    Message = formatter(state, exception),
                    Exception = exception?.Message,
                    StackTrace = exception?.StackTrace,
                    Url = _navigationManager.Uri
                };
                _httpClient.PostAsJsonAsync(_options.LoggerEndpointUrl, log);
            }
            catch
            {
                // don't throw exceptions from the logger
            }
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Client.Logging
{
    public class WebApiLoggerOptions
    {
        public string LoggerEndpointUrl { set; get; }

        public LogLevel LogLevel { get; set; } = LogLevel.Information;
    }
}

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft": "Warning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
    }
  },
  "WebApiLogger": {
    "LogLevel": "Warning",
    "LoggerEndpointUrl": "/api/logs"
  }
}

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            builder.RootComponents.Add<App>("#app");

            builder.Services.Configure<WebApiLoggerOptions>(options => builder.Configuration.GetSection("WebApiLogger").Bind(options));
            // …
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Shared
{
    public class ClientLog
    {
        public LogLevel LogLevel { get; set; }

        public EventId EventId { get; set; }

        public string Message { get; set; }

        public string Exception { get; set; }

        public string StackTrace { get; set; }

        public string Url { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            builder.RootComponents.Add<App>("#app");

            builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.HostEnvironment.BaseAddress) });

            builder.Services.Configure<WebApiLoggerOptions>(options => builder.Configuration.GetSection("WebApiLogger").Bind(options));
            builder.Services.AddLogging(configure =>
            {
                configure.AddWebApiLogger();
            });

            await builder.Build().RunAsync();
        }
    }
}

public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel) => logLevel >= _options.LogLevel;

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Shared;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Telegram.Bot;
using Telegram.Bot.Types.Enums;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Server.Services
{
    public class TelegramLoggingBotOptions
    {
        public string AccessToken { get; set; }
        public string ChatId { get; set; }
    }

    public interface ITelegramBotService
    {
        Task SendLogAsync(ClientLog log);
    }

    public class TelegramBotService : ITelegramBotService
    {
        private readonly string _chatId;
        private readonly TelegramBotClient _client;

        public TelegramBotService(IOptions<TelegramLoggingBotOptions> options)
        {
            _chatId = options.Value.ChatId;
            _client = new TelegramBotClient(options.Value.AccessToken);
        }

        public async Task SendLogAsync(ClientLog log)
        {
            var text = formatMessage(log);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))
            {
                return;
            }

            await _client.SendTextMessageAsync(_chatId, text, ParseMode.Markdown);
        }

        private static string formatMessage(ClientLog log)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(log.Message))
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }

            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.Append(toEmoji(log.LogLevel))
                .Append(" *")
                .AppendFormat("{0:hh:mm:ss}", DateTime.Now)
                .Append("* ")
                .AppendLine(log.Message);

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(log.Exception))
            {
                sb.AppendLine()
                    .Append('`')
                    .AppendLine(log.Exception)
                    .AppendLine(log.StackTrace)
                    .AppendLine("`")
                    .AppendLine();
            }

            sb.Append("*Url:* ").AppendLine(log.Url);
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        private static string toEmoji(LogLevel level) =>
            level switch
            {
                LogLevel.Trace => "⬜️",
                LogLevel.Debug => "🟦",
                LogLevel.Information => "⬛️️️",
                LogLevel.Warning => "🟧",
                LogLevel.Error => "🟥",
                LogLevel.Critical => "❌",
                LogLevel.None => "🔳",
                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(level), level, null)
            };
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Telegram.Bot" Version="15.7.1" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

    public class TelegramLoggingBotOptions
    {
        public string AccessToken { get; set; }
        public string ChatId { get; set; }
    }

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft": "Warning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "TelegramLoggingBot": {
    "AccessToken": "1826…",
    "ChatId": "-1001…" 
  }
}

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Server
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<TelegramLoggingBotOptions>(options =>
                            Configuration.GetSection("TelegramLoggingBot").Bind(options));
            services.AddSingleton<ITelegramBotService, TelegramBotService>();

            // ...
        }

        // ...
    }
}

    public class TelegramBotService : ITelegramBotService
    {
        private readonly string _chatId;
        private readonly TelegramBotClient _client;

        public TelegramBotService(IOptions<TelegramLoggingBotOptions> options)
        {
            _chatId = options.Value.ChatId;
            _client = new TelegramBotClient(options.Value.AccessToken);
        }

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Server.Services;
using BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Shared;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorWasmTelegramLogger.Server.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class LogsController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly ILogger<LogsController> _logger;
        private readonly ITelegramBotService _telegramBotService;

        public LogsController(ILogger<LogsController> logger, ITelegramBotService telegramBotService)
        {
            _logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
            _telegramBotService = telegramBotService;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> PostLog(ClientLog log)
        {
            // TODO: Save the client's `log` in the database

            _logger.Log(log.LogLevel, log.EventId, log.Url + Environment.NewLine + log.Message);

            await _telegramBotService.SendLogAsync(log);

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

@page "/counter"

<h1>Counter</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

<button class="btn btn-primary" @onclick="IncrementCount">Click me</button>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;

    private void IncrementCount()
    {
        currentCount++;

        throw new InvalidOperationException("This is an exception message from the client!");
    }
}

using System;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }


        public bool IsDeleted { set; get; }
        public DateTime? DeletedAt { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public class Blog : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Post> Posts { set; get; }
    }

    public class BlogConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Blog>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Blog> builder)
        {
            builder.Property(blog => blog.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
            builder.HasIndex(blog => blog.Name).IsUnique();

            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 1, Name = "Blog 1" });
            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 2, Name = "Blog 2" });
            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 3, Name = "Blog 3" });
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public class Post : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }

        public Blog Blog { set; get; }
        public int BlogId { set; get; }
    }

    public class PostConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Post>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Post> builder)
        {
            builder.Property(post => post.Title).HasMaxLength(450);
            builder.HasOne(post => post.Blog).WithMany(blog => blog.Posts).HasForeignKey(post => post.BlogId);

            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 1, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 1" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 2, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 2" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 3, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 3" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 4, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 4" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 5, BlogId = 2, Title = "Post 5" });
        }
    }
}

    public class BlogConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Blog>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Blog> builder)
        {
            // ...
            builder.HasQueryFilter(blog => !blog.IsDeleted);
        }
    }

SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[DeletedAt], [b].[IsDeleted], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
WHERE [b].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public static class GlobalFiltersManager
    {
        public static void ApplySoftDeleteQueryFilters(this ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model
                                                    .GetEntityTypes()
                                                    .Where(eType => typeof(BaseEntity).IsAssignableFrom(eType.ClrType)))
            {
                entityType.addSoftDeleteQueryFilter();
            }
        }

        private static void addSoftDeleteQueryFilter(this IMutableEntityType entityData)
        {
            var methodToCall = typeof(GlobalFiltersManager)
                                .GetMethod(nameof(getSoftDeleteFilter), BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static)
                                .MakeGenericMethod(entityData.ClrType);
            var filter = methodToCall.Invoke(null, new object[] { });
            entityData.SetQueryFilter((LambdaExpression)filter);
        }

        private static LambdaExpression getSoftDeleteFilter<TEntity>() where TEntity : BaseEntity
        {
            return (Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>)(entity => !entity.IsDeleted);
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {

        //...


        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(typeof(BaseEntity).Assembly);
            modelBuilder.ApplySoftDeleteQueryFilters();
        }

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public static class AuditableEntitiesManager
    {
        public static void SetAuditableEntityOnBeforeSaveChanges(this ApplicationDbContext context)
        {
            var now = DateTime.UtcNow;

            foreach (var entry in context.ChangeTracker.Entries<BaseEntity>())
            {
                switch (entry.State)
                {
                    case EntityState.Added:
                        //TODO: ...
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Modified:
                        //TODO: ...
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Deleted:
                        entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged; //NOTE: For soft-deletes to work with the original `Remove` method.

                        entry.Entity.IsDeleted = true;
                        entry.Entity.DeletedAt = now;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var post1 = context.Posts.Find(1);
if (post1 != null)
{
   context.Remove(post1);

   context.SaveChanges();
}

Executing DbCommand [Parameters=[@p2='1', @p0='2020-09-17T05:11:32' (Nullable = true), @p1='True'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p0, [IsDeleted] = @p1
WHERE [Id] = @p2;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        // ...

        public override int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess)
        {
            ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();

            beforeSaveTriggers();

            ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false; // for performance reasons, to avoid calling DetectChanges() again.
            var result = base.SaveChanges(acceptAllChangesOnSuccess);

            ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;
            return result;
        }

        // ...

        private void beforeSaveTriggers()
        {
            setAuditProperties();
        }

        private void setAuditProperties()
        {
            this.SetAuditableEntityOnBeforeSaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

 ar blog1 = context.Blogs.FirstOrDefault(blog => blog.Id == 1);
if (blog1 != null)
{
   context.Remove(blog1);

   context.SaveChanges();
}

var blog1AndItsRelatedPosts = context.Blogs
    .Include(blog => blog.Posts)
    .FirstOrDefault(blog => blog.Id == 1);
if (blog1AndItsRelatedPosts != null)
{
    context.Remove(blog1AndItsRelatedPosts);

    context.SaveChanges();
}

SELECT [t].[Id], [t].[DeletedAt], [t].[IsDeleted], [t].[Name], [t0].[Id], [t0].[BlogId], [t0].[DeletedAt], [t0].[IsDeleted], [t0].[Title]
FROM (
SELECT TOP(1) [b].[Id], [b].[DeletedAt], [b].[IsDeleted], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
WHERE ([b].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)) AND ([b].[Id] = 1)
) AS [t]
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[DeletedAt], [p].[IsDeleted], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)
) AS [t0] ON [t].[Id] = [t0].[BlogId]
ORDER BY [t].[Id], [t0].[Id]

Executing DbCommand [Parameters=[@p2='1', @p0='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p1='True',
 @p5='2', @p3='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p4='True', @p8='3',
@p6='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p7='True',
 @p11='4', @p9='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p10='True'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']

SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Blogs] SET [DeletedAt] = @p0, [IsDeleted] = @p1
WHERE [Id] = @p2;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p3, [IsDeleted] = @p4
WHERE [Id] = @p5;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p6, [IsDeleted] = @p7
WHERE [Id] = @p8;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p9, [IsDeleted] = @p10
WHERE [Id] = @p11;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

[DataContract(IsReference = true)]
public class Post
{
    public Post()
    {
        comments = new HashSet<Comments>();
    }
    
    [DataMember]
    public int PostId { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    public string Title { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    public virtual ICollection<Comment> Comments { get; set; }
}

[DataContract(IsReference=true)]
public class Comment
{
    [DataMember]
    public int CommentId { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    public int PostId { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    public string CommentText { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    public virtual Post Post { get; set; }
}

public class EFRecipesEntities : DbContext
{
    public EFRecipesEntities() : base("name=EFRecipesEntities") {}

    public DbSet<Post> posts;
    public DbSet<Comment> comments;
}

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="Recipe2ConnectionString"
    connectionString="Data Source=.;
    Initial Catalog=EFRecipes;
    Integrated Security=True;
    MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
    providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
    [OperationContract]
    void Cleanup();
    [OperationContract]
    Post GetPostByTitle(string title);
    [OperationContract]
    Post SubmitPost(Post post);
    [OperationContract]
    Comment SubmitComment(Comment comment);
    [OperationContract]
    void DeleteComment(Comment comment);
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        using (var client = new ServiceReference2.Service1Client())
        {
            // cleanup previous data
            client.Cleanup();
            // insert a post
            var post = new Post { Title = "POCO Proxies" };
            post = client.SubmitPost(post);
            // update the post
            post.Title = "Change Tracking Proxies";
            client.SubmitPost(post);
            // add a comment
            var comment1 = new Comment { CommentText = "Virtual Properties are cool!", PostId = post.PostId };
            var comment2 = new Comment { CommentText = "I use ICollection<T> all the time", PostId = post.PostId };
            comment1 = client.SubmitComment(comment1);
            comment2 = client.SubmitComment(comment2);
            // update a comment
            comment1.CommentText = "How do I use ICollection<T>?";
            client.SubmitComment(comment1);
            // delete comment 1
            client.DeleteComment(comment1);
            // get posts with comments
            var p = client.GetPostByTitle("Change Tracking Proxies");
            Console.WriteLine("Comments for post: {0}", p.Title);
            foreach (var comment in p.Comments)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\tComment: {0}", comment.CommentText);
            }
        }
    }
}

An unhandled exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in EntityFramework.dll

Additional information: Multiplicity constraint violated. The role 'Center_Persons_Source' of the relationship 'Yarigaran.DataLayer.Center_Persons' has multiplicity 1 or 0..1.

منبع : کتاب C# 8 in a Nutshell 

ParameterCollection به پارامترهای استفاده شده در فیلتر اشاره دارد که در فیلتر بالا فقط s استفاده شده‌است و از نوع string است.

BinaryExpression شامل سه قسمت مهم Left , Right و NodeType میباشد. برای فیلتر بالا، مقدار پراپرتی Left برابر s.Length می‌باشد و پراپرتی Right شامل مقدار 5 و مقدار NodeType هم برابر LessThan میباشد. یعنی فیلتر بالا به یک درخت تبدیل شده که نود اصلی آن LessThan است و دو مقدار Left و Right را باهم مقایسه میکند. اما اگر یک شرط دیگر را به فیلتر بالا اعمال کنیم، ساختار Expression کمی تغییر میکند. برای مثال: 

Expression<Func<string, bool>> filter = s => s.Length > 5 && s.Length < 45;

Expression ایجاد شده برای این فیلتر شامل همان ساختار قبلی است؛ اما با این تغییر که هر کدام از پراپرتی‌های Right و Left، خود یک BinaryExpression شده‌اند و مقدار NodeType اصلی از LessThan به AndAlso تغییر پیدا کرده‌است. Expression ایجاد شده از فیلتر بالا ( filter.Body ) به این صورت است که پراپرتی Left آن برابر است با یک BinaryExpression که مقدار NodeType آن برابر است با GreaterThan و پراپرتی Left آن شامل s.Length میباشد و پراپرتی Right آن برابر 5 میباشد. همچنین پراپرتی Right مربوط به filter.Body برابر یک ExpressionBinary است که مقدار NodeType آن برابر است با LessThan و پراپرتی Left آن برابر s.Length است و پراپرتی Right آن برابر 45 میباشد.

filter.Body شبیه به تصویر زیر میباشد :

اگر بخواهیم خودمان یک Expression tree را ایجاد کنیم، باید از پایین‌ترین نود آن شروع کنیم. یعنی ابتدا باید پراپرتی Left و Right را ایجاد کنیم و سپس این دو پراپرتی را با هم مقایسه کنیم (NodeType). در کد زیر Expression مربوط به فیلتر بالا را نوشته‌ایم:

ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(string));
MemberExpression memberExpression = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, "Length");

ConstantExpression greaterThanConstantExpression = Expression.Constant(5);
BinaryExpression greaterThanComparison = Expression.GreaterThan(memberExpression, greaterThanConstantExpression);
var greaterThan = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, bool>>(greaterThanComparison, parameterExpression);

ConstantExpression lessThanConstantExpression = Expression.Constant(45);
BinaryExpression lessThanComparsion = Expression.LessThan(memberExpression, lessThanConstantExpression);
var lessThan = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, bool>>(lessThanComparsion, parameterExpression);

var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(string), "x");
var body = Expression.AndAlso(
            Expression.Invoke(greaterThan, param),
            Expression.Invoke(lessThan, param)
        );
Expression<Func<string, bool>> filter = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, bool>>(body, param);

ParameterExpression : نوع پارامتری را که میخواهیم روی آن شرط را روی آن اعمال کنیم، مشخص کرده‌ایم.

MemberExpression  : پراپرتی Length را معرفی کرده‌ایم که قرار است شرطی بر روی این پراپرتی اعمال شود.

ConstantExpression   : مقدار ثابتی که پراپرتی MemeberExpression قرار است با آن مقایسه شود.

BinaryExpression   : نود تایپ را مشخص کرده‌ایم که برابر است با GreaterThan.

سپس Expression مربوط به هرکدام را در greaterThan و lessThan ایجاد کرده‌ایم و این دو را باهم And کرده و در متغییر body قرار داده‌ایم و در نهایت filter را با دستور Expression.Lambda ایجاد کرده‌ایم که برابر است با :

Expression<Func<string, bool>> filter = s => s.Length > 5 && s.Length < 45;

ساخت یک داینامیک فیلتر

در ادامه میخواهیم یک داینامیک فیلتر را ایجاد کنیم که به طور مثال برنامه نویس از سمت فرانت‌اند بتواند فیلتر‌های ساده‌ای را اعمال کند. برای این کار یک کلاس برای فیلتر ایجاد میکنیم :

public class DynamicModel
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Comparison { get; set; }
    public object Data { get; set; }
}

پراپرتی Data مقداری است که باید با آن مقایسه انجام شود.

Comparison نوع عملیات را مشخص میکند مانند : Equal, LessThan, GreaterThan و... .

پراپرتی Name نام پراپرتی است که باید شرط روی آن اعمال شود.

کلاس ثابت ها:

public static class ComparisonConstant
{
    public const string LessThan = "LesThan";
    public const string LessThanEqual = "LesThanEqual";
    public const string GreaterThan = "GreaterThan";
    public const string GreaterThanEqual = "GreaterThanEqual";
    public const string Equal = "Equal";
    public const string NotEqual = "NotEqual";
}

ساخت اکستنشن متد:

public static IQueryable<TModel> DynamicFilter<TModel>(this IQueryable<TModel> iqueryable, IEnumerable<DynamicModel> dynamicModel)
{
    return iqueryable.Where(Filter<TModel>(dynamicModel));
}  

public static Expression<Func<TModel, bool>> Filter<TModel>(IEnumerable<DynamicModel> dynamicModel)
{
    Expression<Func<TModel, bool>> result = a => true;
    foreach (var item in dynamicModel)
    {
        ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TModel));
        MemberExpression memberExpression = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, item.Name);
        ConstantExpression constantExpression = Expression.Constant(item.Data);
        BinaryExpression comparison = GetBinaryExpression(item.Comparison, memberExpression, constantExpression);
        var expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<TModel, bool>>(comparison, parameterExpression);
        var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TModel), "x");
        var body = Expression.AndAlso(
                    Expression.Invoke(result, param),
                    Expression.Invoke(expression, param)
                );
        result = Expression.Lambda<Func<TModel, bool>>(body, param);
    }
    return result;
}

ورودی این مدل، لیستی از DynamicModel میباشد که به ازای هر کدام از آیتم‌ها، یک BinaryExpression ایجاد میکند و آن را با result تعریف شده And میکند. یعنی تمامی آیتم‌های ارسال شده باهم And میشوند.

متد GetBinaryExpression بر اساس مقدار فیلد Comparison که از سمت فرانت ارسال میشود، کار میکند:

private static BinaryExpression GetBinaryExpression(string comparison, MemberExpression memberExpression, ConstantExpression constantExpression)
{
    switch (comparison)
    {
        case ComparisonConstant.Equal:
            return Expression.Equal(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.LessThan:
            return Expression.LessThan(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.GreaterThan:
            return Expression.GreaterThan(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.NotEqual:
            return Expression.NotEqual(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.GreaterThanEqual:
            return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.LessThanEqual:
            return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        default:
            return null;
    }
}

 کلاس Category را در نظر بگیرید که شامل دو پراپرتی Title و Id میباشد و میخواهیم از این داینامیک فیلتر، برای فیلتر کردن دیتاها استفاده کنیم از سمت فرانت‌اند. اگر از سمت فرانت‌اند چنین دیتایی ارسال شود:

[
   {
      "Name":"Title",
      "Comparison":"Equal",
      "Data":"Hi"
   },
   {
      "Name":"Id",
      "Comparison":"LesThanEqual",
      "Data": 100
   }
]

تمامی رکوردهایی که مقدار پراپرتی Title آنها برابر Hi باشد و Id آن کوچکتر مساوی 100 باشد، از دیتابیس خوانده میشود.

var categories = _dbContext.Categories
                         .DynamicFilter(filter)//filter => IEnumerable<DynamicModel>
                         .ToList();

گیت هاب داینامیک فیلتر