routes.MapRoute(
           name: "Default",
           url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
           defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
       );

http://mydomain.com/{controller}/{action}/{id}

routes.MapRoute(
          name: "Default1",
          url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
          defaults: new { controller = "News", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
      );

<a href="@Url.Action("post", "News", new { id = @item.PostName }, null)"> @item.PostTitle </a>

http://mydomain.com/news/post/نام-مقاله

@Html.ActionLink("اخبار", "Index", "News", null, new { @class="btn btn-success"})

<a href="/News">اخبار</a>

<a href="/News/index?pid=2">صفحه بعد</a>

@Html.ActionLink("صفحه بعد", "index", "News", new { pid = …. }, null)

@Html.ActionLink("اخبار", "Index", "News", null, new { @class="btn btn-success"})

<a href="/News/index?pid=2">صفحه بعد</a>

// <![CDATA[
(function ($) {
    $.bootstrapModalConfirm = function (options) {
        var defaults = {
            caption: 'تائید عملیات',
            body: 'آیا عملیات درخواستی اجرا شود؟',
            onConfirm: null,
            confirmText: 'تائید',
            closeText: 'انصراف'
        };
        var options = $.extend(defaults, options);

        var confirmContainer = "#confirmContainer";
        var html = '<div class="modal hide fade" id="confirmContainer">' +
                   '<div class="modal-header">' +
                        '<a class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</a>'
                        + '<h5>' + options.caption + '</h5></div>' +
                   '<div class="modal-body">'
                        + options.body + '</div>' +
                   '<div class="modal-footer">'
                        + '<a href="#" class="btn btn-success" id="confirmBtn">' + options.confirmText + '</a>'
                    + '<a href="#" class="btn" data-dismiss="modal">' + options.closeText + '</a></div></div>';

        $(confirmContainer).remove();
        $(html).appendTo('body');
        $(confirmContainer).modal('show');

        $('#confirmBtn', confirmContainer).click(function () {
            if (options.onConfirm)
                options.onConfirm();
            $(confirmContainer).modal('hide');           
        });
    };
})(jQuery);
// ]]>

> npm i -g create-react-app
> create-react-app sample-30
> cd sample-30
> npm start

> npm install --save bootstrap

import "./App.css";

import React, { Component } from "react";

class App extends Component {
  state = { count: 0 };

  incrementCount = () => {
    this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 });
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <button onClick={this.incrementCount} className="btn btn-primary m-3">
        I was clicked {this.state.count} times!
      </button>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

//import App from "./App‍Class";
import App from "./AppFunction";

import React, { useState } from 'react';

const App = () => {
    const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

useState<number>(initialState: number | (() => number)): [number, React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<number>>]

import React, { useState } from "react";

const App = () => {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  const incrementCount = () => {
    setCount(count + 1);
  };

  return (
    <button onClick={incrementCount} className="btn btn-primary m-3">
      I was clicked {count} times!
    </button>
  );
};

export default App;

 const setCount: (value: React.SetStateAction<number>) => void

  incrementCount = () => {
    this.setState({ count: this.state.count + 1 });
  };

  incrementCount = () => {
    this.setState(prevState => ({
      count: prevState.count + 1
    }));
  };

  const incrementCount = () => {
    setCount(count + 1);
  };

const incrementCount = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1);
  };

import "./App.css";

import React, { Component } from "react";

class App extends Component {
  state = {
    count: 0,
    isOn: false
  };

  incrementCount = () => {
    this.setState(prevState => ({
      count: prevState.count + 1
    }));
  };

  toggleLight = () => {
    this.setState(prevState => ({
      isOn: !prevState.isOn
    }));
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <>
        <h1>App Class</h1>
        <h2>Counter</h2>
        <button onClick={this.incrementCount} className="btn btn-primary m-3">
          I was clicked {this.state.count} times!
        </button>

        <h2>Toggle Light</h2>
        <div
          style={{
            height: "50px",
            width: "50px",
            cursor: "pointer"
          }}
          className={
            this.state.isOn ? "alert alert-info m-3" : "alert alert-warning m-3"
          }
          onClick={this.toggleLight}
        />
      </>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

import App from "./App‍Class";
//import App from "./AppFunction";

import React, { useState } from "react";

const App = () => {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  const [isOn, setIsOn] = useState(false);

  const incrementCount = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1);
  };

  const toggleLight = () => {
    setIsOn(prevIsOn => !prevIsOn);
  };

  return (
    <>
      <h1>App Function</h1>
      <h2>Counter</h2>
      <button onClick={incrementCount} className="btn btn-primary m-3">
        I was clicked {count} times!
      </button>

      <h2>Toggle Light</h2>
      <div
        style={{
          height: "50px",
          width: "50px",
          cursor: "pointer"
        }}
        className={isOn ? "alert alert-info m-3" : "alert alert-warning m-3"}
        onClick={toggleLight}
      />
    </>
  );
};

export default App;

// import App from "./App‍Class";
import App from "./AppFunction";

import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";

import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";

const App = () => {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    document.title = `You have clicked ${count} times`;
  });

class App extends Component {

  componentDidMount() {
    document.title = `You have been clicked ${this.state.count} times`;
  }

  componentDidUpdate() {
    document.title = `You have been clicked ${this.state.count} times`;
  }

class App extends Component {

  componentDidMount() {
    // ...
    window.addEventListener("mousemove", this.handleMouseMove);
  }

  handleMouseMove = event => {
    this.setState({
      x: event.pageX,
      y: event.pageY
    });
  };

class App extends Component {
  state = {
    //...
    x: 0,
    y: 0
  };

<h2>Mouse Position</h2>
<p>X position: {this.state.x}</p>
<p>Y position: {this.state.y}</p>

  componentWillUnmount() {
    window.removeEventListener("mousemove", this.handleMouseMove);
  }

  const [mousePosition, setMousePosition] = useState({ x: 0, y: 0 });

  useEffect(() => {
    // ...
    window.addEventListener("mousemove", handleMouseMove);
  });

  const handleMouseMove = event => {
    setMousePosition({
      x: event.pageX,
      y: event.pageY
    });
  };

<h2>Mouse Position</h2>
{JSON.stringify(mousePosition, null, 2)}
<br />

  useEffect(() => {
    // …
    // componentDidMount & componentDidUpdate
    window.addEventListener("mousemove", handleMouseMove);

    // componentWillUnmount
    return () => {
      window.removeEventListener("mousemove", handleMouseMove);
    };
  });

  useEffect(() => {
    document.title = `You have clicked ${count} times`;
    window.addEventListener("mousemove", handleMouseMove);

    return () => {
      window.removeEventListener("mousemove", handleMouseMove);
    };
  },[]);

  useEffect(() => {
   // ...
  },[count]);

const [status, setStatus] = useState(navigator.onLine);

  useEffect(() => {
    // ...

    window.addEventListener("online", handleOnline);
    window.addEventListener("offline", handleOffline);

    return () => {
      // ...
  
      window.removeEventListener("online", handleOnline);
      window.removeEventListener("offline", handleOffline);
    };
  }, [count]);

  const handleOnline = () => {
    setStatus(true);
  };

  const handleOffline = () => {
    setStatus(false);
  };

<h2>Network Status</h2>
<p>
  You are <strong>{status ? "online" : "offline"}</strong>
</p>

const initialLocationState = {
  latitude: null,
  longitude: null,
  speed: null
};

const App = () => {
  // ...
  const [location, setLocation] = useState(initialLocationState);

  useEffect(() => {
    // ...

    navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(handleGeolocation);
    const watchId = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(handleGeolocation);

    return () => {
      // ...
      navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watchId);
    };
  }, [count]);

  let mounted = true;

  useEffect(() => {
   // ...

    return () => {
      // ...
      mounted = false;
    };
  }, [count]);

  const handleGeolocation = event => {
    if (mounted) {
      setLocation({
        latitude: event.coords.latitude,
        longitude: event.coords.longitude,
        speed: event.coords.speed
      });
    }
  };

<h2>Geolocation</h2>
<p>Latitude is {location.latitude}</p>
<p>Longitude is {location.longitude}</p>
<p>Your speed is {location.speed ? location.speed : "0"}</p>

const [{ latitude, longitude, speed }, setLocation] = useState(
    initialLocationState
  );

<h2>Geolocation</h2>
<p>Latitude is {latitude}</p>
<p>Longitude is {longitude}</p>
<p>Your speed is {speed ? speed : "0"}</p>

cloc-x.x.exe hello.c     

      1 text file.
       1 unique file.
       0 files ignored.

https://github.com/AlDanial/cloc v 1.65  T=0.04 s (28.3 files/s, 340.0 lines/s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language                     files          blank        comment           code
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C                                1              0              7              5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

cloc-x.x.exe projectDirectoryName     

 16 text files.
      15 unique files.
       3 files ignored.

https://github.com/AlDanial/cloc v 1.65  T=0.23 s (57.1 files/s, 188914.0 lines/s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language                     files          blank        comment           code
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C                               10           4680           6621          30812
C/C++ Header                     3             99            286            496
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUM:                            13           4779           6907          31308
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

<CustomControls:FrameFactory
                    x:Name="ActiveScreen"            
                    HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"
                    VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"     
                    NavigationUIVisibility="Hidden"            
                    Grid.Column="1" 
                    Margin="0" />

/// <summary>
/// تغییر مشخصات کاربر جاری
/// </summary>
[PageAuthorization(AuthorizationType.FreeForAuthenticatedUsers)]
public partial class ChangeProfile

                <Button Style="{DynamicResource MetroCircleButtonStyle}"
                        Height="55" Width="55"  
                        Command="{Binding DoNavigate}"
                        CommandParameter="\Views\UserInfo\ChangeProfile.xaml"
                        Margin="2">
                    <Rectangle Width="28" Height="17.25">
                        <Rectangle.Fill>
                            <VisualBrush Stretch="Fill" Visual="{StaticResource appbar_user_tie}" />
                        </Rectangle.Fill>
                    </Rectangle>
                </Button>

 public abstract class BaseViewModel : DataErrorInfoBase, INotifyPropertyChanged, IViewModel

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace jQueryMvcSample05.Models
{
    public class Survey
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<SurveyItem> SurveyItems { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace jQueryMvcSample05.Models
{
    public class SurveyItem
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public int Order { set; get; }

        //[ForeignKey("SurveyId")]
        public virtual Survey Survey { set; get; }
        public int SurveyId { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using jQueryMvcSample05.Models;

namespace jQueryMvcSample05.DataSource
{
    /// <summary>
    /// یک منبع داده فرضی جهت دموی ساده‌تر برنامه
    /// </summary>
    public static class SurveysDataSource
    {
        private static IList<Survey> _surveysCache;
        static SurveysDataSource()
        {
            _surveysCache = createSurveys();
        }

        public static IList<Survey> SystemSurveys
        {
            get { return _surveysCache; }
        }

        private static IList<Survey> createSurveys()
        {
            var results = new List<Survey>();
            for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++)
            {
                results.Add(new Survey
                {
                    Id = i,
                    Title = "نظر سنجی " + i,
                    SurveyItems = new List<SurveyItem>
                    {
                       new SurveyItem{ Id = 1, SurveyId = i, Title = "گزینه 1", Order = 1 },
                       new SurveyItem{ Id = 2, SurveyId = i, Title = "گزینه 2", Order = 2 },
                       new SurveyItem{ Id = 3, SurveyId = i, Title = "گزینه 3", Order = 3 },
                       new SurveyItem{ Id = 4, SurveyId = i, Title = "گزینه 4", Order = 4 }
                    }
                });
            }
            return results;
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.UI;
using jQueryMvcSample05.DataSource;
using jQueryMvcSample05.Security;

namespace jQueryMvcSample05.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var surveysList = SurveysDataSource.SystemSurveys;
            return View(surveysList);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [AjaxOnly]
        [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
        public ActionResult SortItems(int? surveyId, string[] items)
        {
            if (items == null || items.Length == 0 || surveyId == null)
                return Content("nok");

            updateSurvey(surveyId, items);

            return Content("ok");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// این متد جهت آشنایی با پروسه به روز رسانی ترتیب گزینه‌ها در اینجا قرار گرفته است
        /// بدیهی است محل قرارگیری آن باید در لایه سرویس برنامه اصلی باشد
        /// </summary>
        private static void updateSurvey(int? surveyId, string[] items)
        {
            var itemIds = new List<int>();
            foreach (var item in items)
            {
                itemIds.Add(int.Parse(item.Replace("item-row-", string.Empty)));
            }

            var survey = SurveysDataSource.SystemSurveys.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == surveyId.Value);
            if (survey == null)
                return;

            int order = 0;
            foreach (var itemId in itemIds)
            {
                order++;
                var surveyItem = survey.SurveyItems.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == itemId);
                if (surveyItem == null) continue;
                surveyItem.Order = order;
            }

            //todo: call save changes ....
        }
    }
}

@model IList<jQueryMvcSample05.Models.Survey>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    var sortUrl = Url.Action(actionName: "SortItems", controllerName: "Home");
}
<h2>
    نظر سنجی‌ها</h2>
@foreach (var survey in Model)
{
    <fieldset>
        <legend>@survey.Title</legend>
        <div id="sortable-@survey.Id">
            @foreach (var surveyItem in survey.SurveyItems.OrderBy(x => x.Order))
            {            
                <div id="item-row-@surveyItem.Id">
                    <span class="handles">::</span>
                    @surveyItem.Title
                </div>
            }
        </div>
    </fieldset>
}
<div>
    لطفا برای تغییر ترتیب آیتم‌های تعریف شده، از امکان کشیدن و رها کردن تعریف شده بر
    روی آیکون‌های :: در کنار هر آیتم استفاده نمائید.
</div>
@section JavaScript
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $('div[id^="sortable"]').sortable({ handle: 'span' }).bind('sortupdate', function (e, ui) {
                var sortableItemId = $(ui.item).parent().attr('id');
                var surveyId = sortableItemId.replace('sortable-', '');
                var items = [];
                $('#' + sortableItemId + ' div').each(function () {
                    items.push($(this).attr('id'));
                });
                //alert(items.join('&'));                
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "@sortUrl",
                    data: JSON.stringify({ items: items, surveyId: surveyId }),
                    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                    dataType: "json",
                    complete: function (xhr, status) {
                        var data = xhr.responseText;
                        if (xhr.status == 403) {
                            window.location = "/login";
                        } else if (status === 'error' || !data || data == "nok") {
                            alert('خطایی رخ داده است');
                        }
                        else {
                            alert('انجام شد');
                        }
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
}

 $('div[id^="sortable"]').sortable

 var sortableItemId = $(ui.item).parent().attr('id');
var surveyId = sortableItemId.replace('sortable-', '');
var items = [];
$('#' + sortableItemId + ' div').each(function () {
  items.push($(this).attr('id'));
});

 data: JSON.stringify({ items: items, surveyId: surveyId })

 public ActionResult SortItems(int? surveyId, string[] items)

 PM> Install-Package Rx-Main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<packages>
  <package id="Rx-Core" version="2.2.4" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Rx-Interfaces" version="2.2.4" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Rx-Linq" version="2.2.4" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Rx-Main" version="2.2.4" targetFramework="net45" />
  <package id="Rx-PlatformServices" version="2.2.4" targetFramework="net45" />
</packages>

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace Rx01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var query = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(number => number);
            foreach (var number in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(number);
            }
            finished();
        }

        private static void finished()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Done!");
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Linq;

namespace Rx01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var query = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(number => number);
            var observableQuery = query.ToObservable();
            observableQuery.Subscribe(onNext: number => Console.WriteLine(number), onCompleted: () => finished());
        }

        private static void finished()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Done!");
        }
    }
}

1
2
3
4
5
Done!

 observableQuery.Subscribe(Console.WriteLine, finished);

    class Subject : IObservable<int>
    {
        public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<int> observer)
        {
        }
    }

    class Observer : IObserver<int>
    {
        public void OnCompleted()
        {
        }

        public void OnError(Exception error)
        {
        }

        public void OnNext(int value)
        {
        }
    }

public static System.IObservable<TSource> ToObservable<TSource>(
    this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source,
    System.Reactive.Concurrency.IScheduler scheduler)

 var query = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(number => number);
var observableQuery = query.ToObservable();
var observer = Observer.Create<int>(onNext: number => Console.WriteLine(number));
observableQuery.Subscribe(observer);

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Concurrency;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using System.Threading;

namespace Rx01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Thread-Id: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            var query = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(number => number);
            var observableQuery = query.ToObservable(scheduler: NewThreadScheduler.Default);
            observableQuery.Subscribe(onNext: number =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("number: {0}, on Thread-id: {1}", number, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            }, onCompleted: () => finished());
        }

        private static void finished()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Done!");
        }
    }
}

 Thread-Id: 1
number: 1, on Thread-id: 3
number: 2, on Thread-id: 3
number: 3, on Thread-id: 3
number: 4, on Thread-id: 3
number: 5, on Thread-id: 3
Done!

observableQuery.Subscribe(onNext: number =>
{
   Console.WriteLine("number: {0}, on Thread-id: {1}", number,     
                              Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
}/*, onCompleted: () => finished()*/);
finished();

 Thread-Id: 1
number: 1, on Thread-id: 3
Done!
number: 2, on Thread-id: 3
number: 3, on Thread-id: 3
number: 4, on Thread-id: 3
number: 5, on Thread-id: 3

observableQuery.Subscribe(
  onNext: number => Console.WriteLine(number),
  onError: exception => Console.WriteLine(exception.Message),
  onCompleted: () => finished());

 PM> Install-Package Rx-WPF

 observableQuery.ObserveOn(DispatcherScheduler.Current).Subscribe(...)

 observableQuery.ObserveOnDispatcher().Subscribe(...)

 PM> Install-Package Rx-WinForms

 observableQuery.ObserveOn(SynchronizationContext.Current).Subscribe(...)

 var query = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(number =>
{
   Thread.Sleep(250);
   return number;
});