• طراحی یک گرید با Angular و ASP.NET Core - قسمت اول - پیاده سازی سمت سرور (قسمت اول این سری 3 قسمتی، شامل توضیحات کاملی در مورد دلیل وجود یکسری واسط، کلاس پایه و متدهای کمکی است که در مقاله جاری هم آنها را مشاهده خواهید کرد.)

    public interface IPagedQueryModel
    {
        int Page { get; set; }
        int PageSize { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Expression of Sorting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <example>
        ///     Examples:
        ///     "Name_ASC"
        /// </example>
        string SortExpression { get; set; }
    }

  public class PagedQueryModel : IPagedQueryModel, IShouldNormalize
    {
        public int Page { get; set; }
        public int PageSize { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Expression of Sorting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <example>
        ///     Examples:
        ///     "Name_ASC"
        /// </example>
        public string SortExpression { get; set; }

        public virtual void Normalize()
        {
            if (Page < 1)
                Page = 1;

            if (PageSize < 1)
                PageSize = 10;

            if (SortExpression.IsEmpty())
                SortExpression = "Id_DESC";
        }
    }

    public class PagedQueryResult<TModel>
    {
        public PagedQueryResult()
        {
            Items = new List<TModel>();
        }
        public IEnumerable<TModel> Items { get; set; }
        public long TotalCount { get; set; }
    }

    public class PagedListModel<TModel>
    {
        public IPagedQueryModel Query { get; set; }

        public PagedQueryResult<TModel> Result { get; set; }
    }

    public abstract class CrudApplicationService<TEntity, TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel,
        TPagedQueryModel, TDynamicQueryModel> : ApplicationService,
        ICrudApplicationService<TModel, TCreateModel, TEditModel, TDeleteModel, TPagedQueryModel, TDynamicQueryModel>
        where TEntity : Entity, new()
        where TCreateModel : class
        where TEditModel : class, IModel
        where TModel : class, IModel
        where TDeleteModel : class, IModel
        where TPagedQueryModel : PagedQueryModel, new()
        where TDynamicQueryModel : DynamicQueryModel

    {

        #region Properties

        protected IQueryable<TEntity> UnTrackedEntitySet => EntitySet.AsNoTracking();
        public IUnitOfWork UnitOfWork { get; set; }
        public IMapper Mapper { get; set; }
        protected IDbSet<TEntity> EntitySet => UnitOfWork.Set<TEntity>();

        #endregion

        #region ICrudApplicationService Members

        #region Methods

        public virtual async Task<PagedQueryResult<TModel>> GetPagedListAsync(TPagedQueryModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            var query = ApplyFiltering(model);

            var totalCount = await query.LongCountAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            var result = query.ProjectTo<TModel>(Mapper.ConfigurationProvider);

            result = result.ApplySorting(model);
            result = result.ApplyPaging(model);

            return new PagedQueryResult<TModel>
            {
                Items = await result.ToListAsync().ConfigureAwait(false),
                TotalCount = totalCount
            };
        }
        #endregion

        #endregion

        #region Protected Methods

        /// <summary>
        ///     Apply Filtering To GetPagedList and GetPagedListAsync
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="model"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual IQueryable<TEntity> ApplyFiltering(TPagedQueryModel model)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(model, nameof(model));

            return UnTrackedEntitySet;
        }
        #endregion
    }

    public static class QueryableExtensions
    {
        public static IQueryable<TModel> ApplySorting<TModel>(this IQueryable<TModel> query, IPagedQueryModel request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(query, nameof(query));

            return query.OrderBy(request.SortExpression.Replace('_', ' '));
        }

        public static IQueryable<TModel> ApplyPaging<TModel>(this IQueryable<TModel> query, IPagedQueryModel request)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(request, nameof(request));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(query, nameof(query));

            return request != null
                ? query.Page((request.Page - 1) * request.PageSize, request.PageSize)
                : query;
        }
    }

public partial class RolesController : BaseController
{
    #region Fields
        private readonly IRoleService _service;
        private readonly ILookupService _lookupService;

        #endregion

    #region Constractor
        public RolesController(IRoleService service,  ILookupService lookupService)
        {
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(service, nameof(service));
            Guard.ArgumentNotNull(lookupService, nameof(lookupService));

            _service = service;
            _lookupService = lookupService;
        }
        #endregion

    #region Index / List
    [HttpGet]
    public virtual async Task<ActionResult> Index()
    {
        var query = new RolePagedQueryModel();
        var result = await _service.GetPagedListAsync(query).ConfigureAwait(false);

        var pagedList = new PagedListModel<RoleModel>
        {
            Query = query,
            Result = result
        };

        var model = new RoleIndexViewModel
        {
            PagedListModel = pagedList,
            Permissions = _lookupService.GetPermissions()
        };
        return View(model);
    }
    [HttpGet, AjaxOnly, NoOutputCache]
    public virtual async Task<ActionResult> List(RolePagedQueryModel query)
    {
        var result = await _service.GetPagedListAsync(query).ConfigureAwait(false);

        var model = new PagedListModel<RoleModel>
        {
            Query = query,
            Result = result
        };

        return PartialView(MVC.Administration.Roles.Views._List, model);
    }
    #endregion
}

    public class RolePagedQueryModel : PagedQueryModel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Permission { get; set; }
    }

    public class RoleIndexViewModel
    {   
        public RoleIndexViewModel()
        {
            Permissions = new List<LookupItem>();
        }
        public IReadOnlyList<LookupItem> Permissions { get; set; }
        public PagedListModel<RoleModel> PagedListModel { get; set; }
    }

@model RoleIndexViewModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = L("Administration.Views.Role.Index.Title");
    ViewBag.ActiveMenu = AdministrationMenuNames.RoleManagement;
}

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-12">
        <div id="filterPanel" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="filterPanel">
            <div class="panel panel-default margin-bottom-5">

                <div class="panel-body">
                    @using (Ajax.BeginForm(MVC.Administration.Roles.List(),
new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = "RolesList", HttpMethod = "GET" }, new { id = "filterForm", data_submit_on_reset = "true" }))
                    {
                        <div class="row">
                            <div class="col-md-3">
                                <input type="text" name="Name" class="form-control" value="" placeholder="@L("Administration.Role.Fields.Name")" />
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-md-3">
                                @Html.DropDownList("Permission", Model.Permissions.ToSelectListItems(), L("Administration.Views.Role.FilterBy.Permission"),new {@class="form-control"})
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-md-3">

                                <button type="submit"
                                        role="button"
                                        class="btn btn-info">
                                    @L("Commands.Filter")
                                </button>
                                <button type="reset"
                                        role="button"
                                        class="btn btn-default">
                                    <i class="fa fa-close"></i>
                                    @L("Commands.Reset")
                                </button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    }
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-12" id="RolesList">
        @{Html.RenderPartial(MVC.Administration.Roles.Views._List, Model.PagedListModel);}
    </div>
</div>

  $(document).on("reset", "form[data-submit-on-reset]",
            function () {
                var form = this;
                setTimeout(function () {
                    $(form).submit();
                });
            });

@model PagedListModel<RoleModel>
@{
    Layout = null;
    var rowNumber = (Model.Query.Page - 1) * Model.Query.PageSize + 1;
    var refreshUrl = Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(new RouteValueDictionary(Model.Query.ToDictionary())));
}

<div class="panel panel-default margin-bottom-5">
    <table class="table table-bordered table-hover" id="RolesListTable" data-ajax-refresh-url="@refreshUrl" data-ajax-refresh-update="#RolesList">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th style="width: 5%;">
                    #
                </th>
                <th class="col-md-3 sortable">
                    @Html.SortableColumn("Name", L("Administration.Role.Fields.Name"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
                </th>
                <th class="col-md-3 sortable">
                    @Html.SortableColumn("DisplayName", L("Administration.Role.Fields.DisplayName"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
                </th>
                <th class="col-md-3 sortable">
                    @Html.SortableColumn("IsDefault", L("Administration.Role.Fields.IsDefault"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
                </th>
               
                <th style="width: 5%;"></th>
            </tr>
        </thead>

        <tbody>
           @foreach (var role in Model.Result.Items)
            {
                <tr>
                    <td>@(rowNumber++.ToPersianNumbers())</td>
                    <td>@role.Name</td>
                    <td>@role.DisplayName</td>
                    <td class="text-center">@Html.DisplayFor(a => role.IsDefault)</td>
                    <td class="text-center operations">
                      
                        <div class="btn-group">

                            <span class="fa fa-ellipsis-h dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"></span>
                            <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left">
                                <li>
                                    <a href="#"
                                       role="button"
                                       data-ajax="true"
                                       data-ajax-method="GET"
                                       data-ajax-update="#main-modal div.modal-content"
                                       data-ajax-url="@Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.Edit(role.Id))"
                                       data-toggle="modal"
                                       data-target="#main-modal">
                                        <i class="fa fa-pencil"></i>
                                        @L("Commands.Edit")
                                    </a>
                                </li>
                                <li>
                                    <a href="#"
                                       role="button"
                                       id="delete-@role.Id"
                                       data-delete-url="@Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.Delete())"
                                       data-delete-model='{"Id":"@role.Id","RowVersion":"@Convert.ToBase64String(role.RowVersion)"}'>
                                        <i class="fa fa-trash"></i>
                                        @L("Commands.Delete")
                                    </a>
                                </li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            }
        </tbody>
    </table>

</div>

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        @Html.Pager(Model, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
        @Html.PageSize("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), new { @class = "margin-right-5" }, "filterForm")
        @Html.Refresh("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), L("Commands.Refresh"))
    </div>
</div>

    var refreshUrl = Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(new RouteValueDictionary(Model.Query.ToDictionary())));

<table class="table table-bordered table-hover" id="RolesListTable" data-ajax-refresh-url="@refreshUrl" data-ajax-refresh-update="#RolesList">

<th class="col-md-3 sortable">
    @Html.SortableColumn("Name", L("Administration.Role.Fields.Name"), Model.Query, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
</th>

        public static MvcHtmlString SortableColumn(this HtmlHelper html, string columnName,
            string columnDisplayName, IPagedQueryModel queryModel, string updateTargetId, Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory)
        {
            var dictionary = queryModel.ToDictionary();

            var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary)
            {
                ["SortExpression"] = !queryModel.SortExpression.StartsWith(columnName)
                    ? $"{columnName}_DESC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("DESC")
                        ? $"{columnName}_ASC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("ASC")
                            ? string.Empty : $"{columnName}_DESC"
            };

            var url = urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);

            var aTag = new TagBuilder("a");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("href", "#");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax", "true");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-method", "GET");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-update", updateTargetId.StartsWith("#") ? updateTargetId : $"#{updateTargetId}");
            aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-url", url);
            aTag.InnerHtml = columnDisplayName;

            var iconCssClass = !queryModel.SortExpression.StartsWith(columnName)
                ? "fa-sort"
                : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("DESC")
                    ? "fa-sort-down"
                    : "fa-sort-up";

            var iTag = new TagBuilder("i");
            iTag.AddCssClass($"fa {iconCssClass}");

            return new MvcHtmlString($"{aTag}\n{iTag}");
        }

public static IDictionary<string, object> ToDictionary(this object source)
{
    return source.ToDictionary<object>();
}

public static IDictionary<string, T> ToDictionary<T>(this object source)
{
    if (source == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));

    var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, T>();

    foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(source))
    {
        AddPropertyToDictionary(property, source, dictionary);
    }
    return dictionary;
}

private static void AddPropertyToDictionary<T>(PropertyDescriptor property, object source,
    IDictionary<string, T> dictionary)
{
    var value = property.GetValue(source);

    var items = value as IEnumerable;

    if (items != null && !(items is string))
    {
        var i = 0;
        foreach (var item in items)
        {
            dictionary.Add($"{property.Name}[{i++}]", (T)item);
        }
    }
    else if (value is T)
    {
        dictionary.Add(property.Name, (T)value);
    }

}

var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary)
{
    ["SortExpression"] = !queryModel.SortExpression.StartsWith(columnName)
        ? $"{columnName}_DESC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("DESC")
            ? $"{columnName}_ASC" : queryModel.SortExpression.EndsWith("ASC")
                ? string.Empty : $"{columnName}_DESC"
};

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-8">
        @Html.Pager(Model, "RolesList", routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)))
        @Html.PageSize("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), new { @class = "margin-right-5" }, "filterForm")
        @Html.Refresh("RolesList", Model.Query, routeValueDictionary => Url.Action(MVC.Administration.Roles.List().AddRouteValues(routeValueDictionary)), L("Commands.Refresh"))
    </div>
</div>

public static MvcHtmlString Pager<TModel>(this HtmlHelper html, PagedListModel<TModel> model,
        string updateTargetId, Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory)
{
    return html.PagedListPager(
        new StaticPagedList<TModel>(model.Result.Items, model.Query.Page, model.Query.PageSize,
            (int)model.Result.TotalCount), page =>
       {
           var dictionary = model.Query.ToDictionary();
           var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary) { ["Page"] = page };
           return urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);
       }, PagedListRenderOptions.EnableUnobtrusiveAjaxReplacing(
            new PagedListRenderOptions
            {
                DisplayLinkToFirstPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                DisplayLinkToLastPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                DisplayLinkToPreviousPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                DisplayLinkToNextPage = PagedListDisplayMode.Always,
                MaximumPageNumbersToDisplay = 6,
                DisplayItemSliceAndTotal = true,
                DisplayEllipsesWhenNotShowingAllPageNumbers = true,
                ItemSliceAndTotalFormat = $"تعداد کل: {model.Result.TotalCount.ToPersianNumbers()}",
                FunctionToDisplayEachPageNumber = page => page.ToPersianNumbers(),
            },
            new AjaxOptions
            {
                AllowCache = false,
                HttpMethod = "GET",
                InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace,
                UpdateTargetId = updateTargetId
            }));
}

public static MvcHtmlString PageSize(this HtmlHelper html, string updateTargetId, IPagedQueryModel queryModel, Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory, object htmlAttributes = null, string filterFormId = null, params int[] numbers)
{
    if (numbers.Length == 0)
        numbers = new[] { 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 };

    var dictionary = queryModel.ToDictionary();

    var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary)
    {
        [nameof(IPagedQueryModel.Page)] = 1
    };
    routeValueDictionary.Remove(nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize));

    var url = urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);

    var formTag = new TagBuilder("form");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("action", url);
    formTag.Attributes.Add("method", "GET");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax", "true");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-method", "GET");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-update", updateTargetId.StartsWith("#") ? updateTargetId : $"#{updateTargetId}");
    formTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-url", url);

    if (htmlAttributes != null)
        formTag.MergeAttributes(HtmlHelper.AnonymousObjectToHtmlAttributes(htmlAttributes));

    formTag.AddCssClass("form-inline inline");

    var items = numbers.Select(number =>
        new SelectListItem
        {
            Value = number.ToString(),
            Text = number.ToString().ToPersianNumbers(),
            Selected = queryModel.PageSize == number
        });

    formTag.InnerHtml = html.DropDownList(nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize), items, new { @class = "form-control page-size", onchange = "$(this.form).submit();" }).ToString();

    if (filterFormId.IsEmpty()) return new MvcHtmlString($"{formTag}");

    // ReSharper disable once MustUseReturnValue
    var scriptBlock = $"<script type=\"text/javascript\"> if(window.jQuery){{$('form#{filterFormId}').find('input[name=\"{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}\"]').remove();\n $('form#{filterFormId}').append(\"<input type='hidden' name='{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}' value='{queryModel.PageSize}'/>\")}}</script>";

    return new MvcHtmlString($"{formTag}\n{scriptBlock}");
}

    formTag.InnerHtml = html.DropDownList(nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize), items, new { @class = "form-control page-size", onchange = "$(this.form).submit();" }).ToString();

  var scriptBlock = $"<script type=\"text/javascript\"> if(window.jQuery){{$('form#{filterFormId}').find('input[name=\"{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}\"]').remove();\n $('form#{filterFormId}').append(\"<input type='hidden' name='{nameof(IPagedQueryModel.PageSize)}' value='{queryModel.PageSize}'/>\")}}</script>";

public static MvcHtmlString Refresh(this HtmlHelper html, string updateTargetId, IPagedQueryModel queryModel,
    Func<RouteValueDictionary, string> urlFactory, string label = null)
{
    var dictionary = queryModel.ToDictionary();

    var routeValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary);

    var url = urlFactory(routeValueDictionary);

    var aTag = new TagBuilder("a");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("href", "#");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("role", "button");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax", "true");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-method", "GET");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-update", updateTargetId.StartsWith("#") ? updateTargetId : $"#{updateTargetId}");
    aTag.Attributes.Add("data-ajax-url", url);
    aTag.AddCssClass("btn btn-default");

    var iTag = new TagBuilder("i");
    iTag.AddCssClass("fa fa-refresh");

    aTag.InnerHtml = $"{iTag} {label}";

    return new MvcHtmlString(aTag.ToString());
}

    public class BackgroundWorkerViewModel : BaseViewModel
    {
        private List<string> _myData;

        public BackgroundWorkerViewModel()
        {
            LoadDataCommand = new RelayCommand(OnLoadData);
        }

        public RelayCommand LoadDataCommand { get; set; }

        public List<string> MyData
        {
            get { return _myData; }
            set
            {
                _myData = value;
                RaisePropertyChanged(() => MyData);
            }
        }

        public bool IsBusy { get; set; }

        private void OnLoadData()
        {
            var backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();
            backgroundWorker.DoWork += (sender, e) =>
                             {
                                 MyData = new List<string> {"Test"};
                                 Thread.Sleep(1000);
                             };
            backgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += (sender, e) => { IsBusy = false; };
            backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
        }
    }

    [TestFixture]
    public class BackgroundWorkerViewModelTest
    {
        #region Setup/Teardown

        [SetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            _backgroundWorkerViewModel = new BackgroundWorkerViewModel();
        }

        #endregion

        private BackgroundWorkerViewModel _backgroundWorkerViewModel;

        [Test]
        public void TestGetData()
        {
              
            _backgroundWorkerViewModel.LoadDataCommand.Execute(_backgroundWorkerViewModel);

            Assert.NotNull(_backgroundWorkerViewModel.MyData);
            Assert.IsNotEmpty(_backgroundWorkerViewModel.MyData);
        }
    }

   public interface IWorker
    {
        void Run(DoWorkEventHandler doWork);
        void Run(DoWorkEventHandler doWork, RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler onComplete);
    }

    public class AsyncWorker : IWorker
    {
        public void Run(DoWorkEventHandler doWork)
        {
            Run(doWork, null);
        }

        public void Run(DoWorkEventHandler doWork, RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler onComplete)
        {
            var backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();
            backgroundWorker.DoWork += doWork;
            if (onComplete != null)
                backgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += onComplete;
            backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
            

        }
    }

    public class SyncWorker : IWorker
    {
        #region IWorker Members

        public void Run(DoWorkEventHandler doWork)
        {
            Run(doWork, null);
        }

        public void Run(DoWorkEventHandler doWork, RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler onComplete)
        {
            Exception error = null;
            var doWorkEventArgs = new DoWorkEventArgs(null);
            try
            {
                doWork(this, doWorkEventArgs);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                error = ex;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                onComplete(this, new RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs(doWorkEventArgs.Result, error, doWorkEventArgs.Cancel));
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }

    public class BackgroundWorkerViewModel : BaseViewModel
    {
        private readonly IWorker _worker;
        private List<string> _myData;

        public BackgroundWorkerViewModel(IWorker worker)
        {
            _worker = worker;
            LoadDataCommand = new RelayCommand(OnLoadData);
        }

        public RelayCommand LoadDataCommand { get; set; }

        public List<string> MyData
        {
            get { return _myData; }
            set
            {
                _myData = value;
                RaisePropertyChanged(() => MyData);
            }
        }

        public bool IsBusy { get; set; }

        private void OnLoadData()
        {
            IsBusy = true; // view is bound to IsBusy to show 'loading' message.

            _worker.Run(
                (sender, e) =>
                    {
                        MyData = new List<string> {"Test"};
                        Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    },
                (sender, e) => { IsBusy = false; });
        }
    }

    [TestFixture]
    public class BackgroundWorkerViewModelTest
    {
        #region Setup/Teardown

        [SetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            _backgroundWorkerViewModel = new BackgroundWorkerViewModel(new SyncWorker());
        }

        #endregion

        private BackgroundWorkerViewModel _backgroundWorkerViewModel;

        [Test]
        public void TestGetData()
        {
              
            _backgroundWorkerViewModel.LoadDataCommand.Execute(_backgroundWorkerViewModel);

            Assert.NotNull(_backgroundWorkerViewModel.MyData);
            Assert.IsNotEmpty(_backgroundWorkerViewModel.MyData);
        }
    }

private static void Query4()
{
    using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
    {
        var customer = context.Customers.Find(new Guid("2ee2fd32-e0e9-4955-bace-1995839d4367"));

        if (customer == null)
            Console.WriteLine("Customer not found");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", customer.Name, customer.Family);
    }
}

private static void Query5()
{
    using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
    {
        try
        {
            var customer1 = context.Customers.Single(c => c.Name == "Unkown");  // Exception: Sequence contains no elements
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
        }

        try
        {
            var customer2 = context.Customers.Single(c => c.Name == "Mohsen");  // Exception: Sequence contains more than one element
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
        }

        var customer3 = context.Customers.SingleOrDefault(c => c.Name == "Unkown");  // customer3 == null

        var customer4 = context.Customers.Single(c => c.Name == "Vahid");  // customer4 != null
    }
}

private static void Query6()
{
    using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
    {
        try
        {
            var customer1 = context.Customers.First(c => c.Name == "Unkown");  // Exception: Sequence contains no elements
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
        }

        var customer2 = context.Customers.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Name == "Unknown");  // customer2 == null
        var customer3 = context.Customers.First(c => c.Name == "Mohsen");
    }
}

namespace EFCoreDbFunctionsSample.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        // ...
        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            modelBuilder.HasDbFunction(SqlDbFunctionsExtensions.SqlDateDiffMethodInfo)
                .HasTranslation(args =>
                {
                    var parameters = args.ToArray();
                    var param0 = ((SqlConstantExpression)parameters[0]).Value.ToString();
                    return SqlFunctionExpression.Create("DATEDIFF",
                        new[]
                        {
                            new SqlFragmentExpression(param0), // It should be written as DateDiff(day, ...) and not DateDiff(N'day', ...) .
                            parameters[1],
                            parameters[2]
                        },
                        SqlDbFunctionsExtensions.SqlDateDiffMethodInfo.ReturnType,
                        typeMapping: null);
                });
        }
    }
}

var sinceDays = 10;
users = context.People.Where(person =>
      SqlDbFunctionsExtensions.SqlDateDiff(SqlDateDiff.Day, person.AddDate, DateTime.Now) <= sinceDays).ToList();
/*
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[AddDate], [p].[Name]
FROM [People] AS [p]
WHERE DATEDIFF(Day, [p].[AddDate], GETDATE()) <= @__sinceDays_0
*/

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication17.Models
{
    public class Employee
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public DateTime AddDate { get; set; }
        public double Salary { get; set; }
        public IList<Project> Projects { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcApplication17.Models
{
    public class Project
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication17.Models
{
    public static class EmployeeDataSource
    {
        public static IList<Employee> CreateEmployees()
        {
            var list = new List<Employee>();
            var rnd = new Random();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)
            {
                list.Add(new Employee
                    {
                        Id = i + 1000,
                        FirstName = "fName " + i,
                        LastName = "lName " + i,
                        AddDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-rnd.Next(1, 10)),
                        Salary = rnd.Next(400, 3000),
                        Projects = CreateRandomProjects()
                    });
            }
            return list;
        }

        private static IList<Project> CreateRandomProjects()
        {
            var list = new List<Project>();
            var rnd = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < rnd.Next(1, 7); i++)
            {
                list.Add(new Project
                {
                    Id = i,
                    Name = "Project " + i
                });
            }
            return list;
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication17.Models;

namespace MvcApplication17.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Delete(int? id)
        {
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Index(string sort, string sortdir, int? page = 1)
        {
            var list = EmployeeDataSource.CreateEmployees();
            return View(list);
        }
    }
}

http://localhost:3034/?sort=LastName&sortdir=ASC&page=3

@using System.Globalization
@model IList<MvcApplication17.Models.Employee>
           
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

@helper WebGridPageFirstItem(WebGrid grid)
{
    @(((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage) - (grid.RowsPerPage - 1));
}

@helper WebGridPageLastItem(WebGrid grid)
{
    if (grid.TotalRowCount < (grid.PageIndex + 1 * grid.RowsPerPage))
    {
      @grid.TotalRowCount;
    }
    else
    {
      @((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage);
    }
}

<h2>Employees List</h2>

@{ 
    var grid = new WebGrid(
        source: Model,
        canPage: true,
        rowsPerPage: 10,
        canSort: true,
        defaultSort: "FirstName"
    );
    var salaryPageSum = 0;
    var taxPageSum = 0;
    var rowIndex = ((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage) - (grid.RowsPerPage - 1);
}

<div id="container">
    @grid.GetHtml(
            tableStyle: "webgrid",
            headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
            footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
            alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
            selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
            rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style",
            htmlAttributes: new { id = "MyGrid" },
            mode: WebGridPagerModes.All,
            columns: grid.Columns(
                 grid.Column(header: "#",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: @<text>@(rowIndex++)</text>),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "FirstName", header: "First Name",
                             format: @<span style='font-weight: bold'>@item.FirstName</span>,
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "LastName", header: "Last Name"),
                 grid.Column(header: "Image",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: @<text><img alt="@item.Id" src="@Url.Content("~/images/" + @item.Id + ".jpg")" /></text>),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "AddDate", header: "Start",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 int ym = item.AddDate.Year;
                                 int mm = item.AddDate.Month;
                                 int dm = item.AddDate.Day;
                                 var persianCalendar = new PersianCalendar();
                                 int ys = persianCalendar.GetYear(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                                 int ms = persianCalendar.GetMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                                 int ds = persianCalendar.GetDayOfMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                                 return ys + "/" + ms.ToString("00") + "/" + ds.ToString("00");

                             }),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "Salary", header: "Salary",
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 salaryPageSum += item.Salary;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", item.Salary);
                             },
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
                 grid.Column(header: "Tax", canSort: true,
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 var tax = item.Salary * 0.2;
                                 taxPageSum += tax;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", tax);
                             }),
                 grid.Column(header: "Projects", columnName: "Projects",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 var subGrid = new WebGrid(
                                                        source: item.Projects,
                                                        canPage: false,
                                                        canSort: false
                                                        );
                                 return subGrid.GetHtml(
                                                        htmlAttributes: new { id = "MySubGrid" },
                                                        tableStyle: "webgrid",
                                                        headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
                                                        footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
                                                        alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
                                                        selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
                                                        rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style"
                                     );
                             }),
                 grid.Column(header: "",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: item => @Html.ActionLink(linkText: "Edit", actionName: "Edit",
                                                              controllerName: "Home", routeValues: new { id = item.Id },
                                                              htmlAttributes: null)),
                 grid.Column(header: "",
                             format: @<form action="/Home/Delete/@item.Id" method="post"><input type="submit"
                                            onclick="return confirm('Do you want to delete this record?');"
                                            value="Delete"/></form>),
                 grid.Column(header: "", format: item => item.GetSelectLink("Select"))
                      )
                  )

    <strong>Page:</strong> @(grid.PageIndex + 1) / @grid.PageCount, 
    <strong>Records:</strong> @WebGridPageFirstItem(@grid) - @WebGridPageLastItem(@grid) of @grid.TotalRowCount

    @*
    @if (@grid.HasSelection)
    {
        @RenderPage("~/views/path/_partial_view.cshtml", new { Employee = grid.SelectedRow })
    }
    *@
</div>

@section script{
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $('#MyGrid tbody:first').append(
        '<tr class="total-row"><td></td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td>\
         <td><strong>Total:</strong></td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @salaryPageSum)</td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @taxPageSum)</td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>');
    });
</script>
}

@{ 
    var grid = new WebGrid(
        source: Model,
        canPage: true,
        rowsPerPage: 10,
        canSort: true,
        defaultSort: "FirstName"
    );
    var salaryPageSum = 0;
    var taxPageSum = 0;
    var rowIndex = ((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage) - (grid.RowsPerPage - 1);
}

tableStyle: "webgrid",
headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style",
htmlAttributes: new { id = "MyGrid" },

<div id="container">
      <table class="webgrid" id="MyGrid">
        <thead>
          <tr class="webgrid-header">

/* Styles for WebGrid
-----------------------------------------------------------*/
.webgrid
{
 width: 100%;
 margin: 0px;
 padding: 0px;
 border: 0px;
 border-collapse: collapse;
 font-family: Tahoma;
 font-size: 9pt;
}

.webgrid a
{
 color: #000;
}

.webgrid-header
{
 padding: 0px 5px;
 text-align: center;
 border-bottom: 2px solid #739ace;
 height: 20px;
 border-top: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-header th
{
 background-color: #eaf0ff;
 border-right: 1px solid #ddd;
}

.webgrid-footer
{
 padding: 6px 5px;
 text-align: center;
 background-color: #e8eef4;
 border-top: 2px solid #3966A2;
 height: 25px;
 border-bottom: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-alternating-row
{
 height: 22px;
 background-color: #f2f2f2;
 border-bottom: 1px solid #d2d2d2;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-row-style
{
 height: 22px;
 border-bottom: 1px solid #d2d2d2;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-selected-row
{
 font-weight: bold;
}

.text-align-center-col
{
 text-align: center;
}

.total-row
{
 background-color:#f9eef4;
}

[Flags]
public enum WebGridPagerModes
{
        Numeric = 1,
        //
        NextPrevious = 2,
        //
        FirstLast = 4,
        //
        All = 7,
}

grid.Column(columnName: "FirstName", header: "First Name",
                             format: @<span style='font-weight: bold'>@item.FirstName</span>,
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
grid.Column(columnName: "LastName", header: "Last Name"),

Func<dynamic, object> format

format: @<span style='font-weight: bold'>@item.FirstName</span>
or
format: item =>
                     {
                          salaryPageSum += item.Salary;
                           return string.Format("${0:n0}", item.Salary);
                      }

grid.Column(header: "#",
                 style: "text-align-center-col",
                 format: @<text>@(rowIndex++)</text>),

grid.Column(header: "Image",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                  format: @<text><img alt="@item.Id" src="@Url.Content("~/images/" + @item.Id + ".jpg")" /></text>),

grid.Column(columnName: "AddDate", header: "Start",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                  format: item =>
                  {
                       int ym = item.AddDate.Year;
                       int mm = item.AddDate.Month;
                       int dm = item.AddDate.Day;
                       var persianCalendar = new PersianCalendar();
                       int ys = persianCalendar.GetYear(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                       int ms = persianCalendar.GetMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                       int ds = persianCalendar.GetDayOfMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                       return ys + "/" + ms.ToString("00") + "/" + ds.ToString("00");
                    }),

grid.Column(columnName: "Salary", header: "Salary",
                 format: item =>
                             {
                                 salaryPageSum += item.Salary;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", item.Salary);
                             },
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
grid.Column(header: "Tax", canSort: true,
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 var tax = item.Salary * 0.2;
                                 taxPageSum += tax;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", tax);
                             }),

grid.Column(header: "Projects", columnName: "Projects",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                  format: item =>
                  {
                                 var subGrid = new WebGrid(
                                                        source: item.Projects,
                                                        canPage: false,
                                                        canSort: false
                                                        );
                                 return subGrid.GetHtml(
                                                        htmlAttributes: new { id = "MySubGrid" },
                                                        tableStyle: "webgrid",
                                                        headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
                                                        footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
                                                        alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
                                                        selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
                                                        rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style"
                                     );
                       }),

grid.Column(header: "",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                   format: item => @Html.ActionLink(linkText: "Edit", actionName: "Edit",
                                                              controllerName: "Home", routeValues: new { id = item.Id },
                                                              htmlAttributes: null)),
grid.Column(header: "",
                  format: @<form action="/Home/Delete/@item.Id" method="post"><input type="submit"
                                            onclick="return confirm('Do you want to delete this record?');"
                                            value="Delete"/></form>),
grid.Column(header: "", format: item => item.GetSelectLink("Select"))

@if (@grid.HasSelection)
    {
        @RenderPage("~/views/path/_partial_view.cshtml", new { Employee = grid.SelectedRow })
    }

<strong>Page:</strong> @(grid.PageIndex + 1) / @grid.PageCount, 
    <strong>Records:</strong> @WebGridPageFirstItem(@grid) - @WebGridPageLastItem(@grid) of @grid.TotalRowCount

@section script{
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $('#MyGrid tbody:first').append(
        '<tr class="total-row"><td></td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td>\
         <td><strong>Total:</strong></td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @salaryPageSum)</td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @taxPageSum)</td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>');
    });
</script>
}

<head>
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/Site.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.5.1.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    @RenderSection("script", required: false)
</head>

public interface IBakery
    {
        string Bake();
        double GetPrice();
    }
    public class Cake: IBakery
    {
        public string Bake() { return "Cake baked"; }
        public double GetPrice() { return 2000; }
    }
    public class Bread: IBakery
    {
        public string Bake() { return "Bread baked"; }
        public double GetPrice() { return 100; }
    }

 public abstract class Decorator : IBakery
    {
        private readonly IBakery _bakery;
        protected string bake = "N/A";
        protected double price = -1;

        protected Decorator(IBakery bakery) { _bakery= bakery; }
        public virtual string Bake() { return _bakery.Bake() + "/" + bake; }
        public double GetPrice() { return _bakery.GetPrice() + price; }
    }
    public class Type1 : Decorator
    {
        public Type1(IBakery bakery) : base(bakery) { bake= "Type 1"; price = 1; }
    }
    public class Type2 : Decorator
    {
        private const string bakeType = "special baked";
        public Type2(IBakery bakery) : base(bakery) { name = "Type 2"; price = 2; }
        public override string Bake() { return base.Bake() + bakeType ; }
    }

 Cake cc1 = new Cake();
 Console.WriteLine(cc1.Bake() + " ," + cc1.GetPrice());

 Type1 cd1 = new Type1 (cc1);
 Console.WriteLine(cd1.Bake() + " ," + cd1.GetPrice());

 Type2 cd2 = new Type2(cc1);
 Console.WriteLine(cd2.Bake() + " ," + cd2.GetPrice());

using System.Globalization;
using System.Resources;
using System.Web.Compilation;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public abstract class BaseDbResourceProvider : IResourceProvider
  {
    private DbResourceManager _resourceManager;
    protected abstract DbResourceManager CreateResourceManager();
    private void EnsureResourceManager()
    {
      if (_resourceManager != null) return;
      _resourceManager = CreateResourceManager();
    }
    #region Implementation of IResourceProvider
    public object GetObject(string resourceKey, CultureInfo culture)
    {
      EnsureResourceManager();
      if (_resourceManager == null) return null;
      if (culture == null) culture = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
      return _resourceManager.GetObject(resourceKey, culture);
    }
    public virtual IResourceReader ResourceReader { get { return null; } }
    #endregion
  }
}

using System;
using System.Resources;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public class GlobalDbResourceProvider : BaseDbResourceProvider
  {
    private readonly string _classKey;
    public GlobalDbResourceProvider(string classKey)
    {
      _classKey = classKey;
    }
    #region Implementation of BaseDbResourceProvider
    protected override DbResourceManager CreateResourceManager()
    {
      return new DbResourceManager(_classKey);
    }
    public override IResourceReader ResourceReader
    {
      get { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
    }
    #endregion
  }
}

using System.Resources;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public class LocalDbResourceProvider : BaseDbResourceProvider
  {
    private readonly string _virtualPath;
    public LocalDbResourceProvider(string virtualPath)
    {
      _virtualPath = virtualPath;
    }
    #region Implementation of BaseDbResourceProvider
    protected override DbResourceManager CreateResourceManager()
    {
      return new DbResourceManager(_virtualPath);
    }
    public override IResourceReader ResourceReader
    {
      get { return new DbResourceReader(_virtualPath); }
    }
    #endregion
  }
}

using System.Globalization;
using DbResourceProvider.Data;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public class DbResourceManager
  {
    private readonly string _resourceName;
    public DbResourceManager(string resourceName)
    {
      _resourceName = resourceName;
    }
    public object GetObject(string resourceKey, CultureInfo culture)
    {
      var data = new ResourceData();
      return data.GetResource(_resourceName, resourceKey, culture.Name).Value;
    }
  }
}

using System.Collections;
using System.Resources;
using System.Security;
using DbResourceProvider.Data;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public class DbResourceReader : IResourceReader
  {
    private readonly string _resourceName;
    private readonly string _culture;
    public DbResourceReader(string resourceName, string culture = "")
    {
      _resourceName = resourceName;
      _culture = culture;
    }
    #region Implementation of IResourceReader
    public void Close() { }
    public IDictionaryEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
      return new DbResourceEnumerator(new ResourceData().GetResources(_resourceName, _culture));
    }
    #endregion
    #region Implementation of IEnumerable
    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
      return GetEnumerator();
    }
    #endregion
    #region Implementation of IDisposable
    public void Dispose()
    {
      Close();
    }
    #endregion
  }
}

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using DbResourceProvider.Models;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public sealed class DbResourceEnumerator : IDictionaryEnumerator
  {
    private readonly List<Resource> _resources;
    private int _dataPosition;
    public DbResourceEnumerator(List<Resource> resources)
    {
      _resources = resources;
      Reset();
    }
    public DictionaryEntry Entry
    {
      get
      {
        var resource = _resources[_dataPosition];
        return new DictionaryEntry(resource.Key, resource.Value);
      }
    }
    public object Key { get { return Entry.Key; } }
    public object Value { get { return Entry.Value; } }
    public object Current { get { return Entry; } }
    public bool MoveNext()
    {
      if (_dataPosition >= _resources.Count - 1) return false;
      ++_dataPosition;
      return true;
    }
    public void Reset()
    {
      _dataPosition = -1;
    }
  }
}