public abstract class Entity : IHaveTrackingState
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    [NotMapped] public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
}

public class Master : Entity
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public ICollection<Detail> Details { get; set; }
}

public class Detail : Entity
{
    public string Title { get; set; }

    public ICollection<DetailOfDetail> Details { get; set; }
    public Master Master { get; set; }
    public long MasterId { get; set; }
}

public class DetailOfDetail : Entity
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public Detail Detail { get; set; }
    public long DetailId { get; set; }
}

public abstract class Model : IHaveTrackingState
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
}

public class MasterModel : Model
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public ICollection<DetailModel> Details { get; set; }
}

public class DetailModel : Model
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public ICollection<DetailOfDetailModel> Details { get; set; }
}

public class DetailOfDetailModel : Model
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
}

Mapper.Initialize(expression =>
{
    expression.CreateMap<MasterModel, Master>(MemberList.None).ReverseMap();
    expression.CreateMap<DetailModel, Detail>(MemberList.None).ReverseMap();
    expression.CreateMap<DetailOfDetailModel, DetailOfDetail>(MemberList.None).ReverseMap();
});

var masterModel = new MasterModel
    {
        Title = "Master-Title",
        TrackingState = TrackingState.Added,
        Details = new List<DetailModel>
        {
            new DetailModel
            {
                Title = "Detail-Title",
                TrackingState = TrackingState.Added,
                Details = new List<DetailOfDetailModel>
                {
                    new DetailOfDetailModel
                    {
                        Title = "DetailOfDetail-Title",
                        TrackingState = TrackingState.Added,
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

using (var context = new ProjectDbContext())
{
    Console.WriteLine("################ Create Master and Details and DetailsOfDetail ##################");
    Print(masterModel);

    var masterEntity = Mapper.Map<Master>(masterModel);

    context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(
        masterEntity,
        n =>
        {
            var entity = (IHaveTrackingState) n.Entry.Entity;
            n.Entry.State = entity.TrackingState.ToEntityState();
        });

    context.SaveChanges();
}

public static class TrackingStateExtensions
{
    public static EntityState ToEntityState(this TrackingState trackingState)
    {
        switch (trackingState)
        {
            case TrackingState.Added:
                return EntityState.Added;

            case TrackingState.Modified:
                return EntityState.Modified;

            case TrackingState.Deleted:
                return EntityState.Deleted;

            case TrackingState.Unchanged:
                return EntityState.Unchanged;

            default:
                return EntityState.Unchanged;
        }
    }

    public static TrackingState ToTrackingState(this EntityState state)
    {
        switch (state)
        {
            case EntityState.Added:
                return TrackingState.Added;

            case EntityState.Modified:
                return TrackingState.Modified;

            case EntityState.Deleted:
                return TrackingState.Deleted;

            case EntityState.Unchanged:
                return TrackingState.Unchanged;

            default:
                return TrackingState.Unchanged;
        }
    }
}

using (var context = new ProjectDbContext())
{
    Console.WriteLine(
        "################ Unchanged Master and Modified Details and Deleted DetailsOfDetail ##################");
    Print(masterModel);

    var masterEntity = Mapper.Map<Master>(masterModel);

    context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(
        masterEntity,
        n =>
        {
            var entity = (IHaveTrackingState) n.Entry.Entity;
            n.Entry.State = entity.TrackingState.ToEntityState();
        });

    context.SaveChanges();
}

public class MasterValidator : AbstractValidator<MasterModel>
{
    public MasterValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(a => a.Title).NotEmpty();
        RuleForEach(a => a.Details).SetValidator(new DetailValidator());
    }
}

public class DetailValidator : AbstractValidator<DetailModel>
{
    public DetailValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(a => a.Title).NotEmpty();
        RuleForEach(a => a.Details).SetValidator(new DetailOfDetailValidator());
    }
}

public class DetailOfDetailValidator : AbstractValidator<DetailOfDetailModel>
{
    public DetailOfDetailValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(a => a.Title).NotEmpty();
    }
}

internal class Program
{
    private HttpClient _client;
    private Customer _bush, _obama;
    private Phone _whiteHousePhone, _bushMobilePhone, _obamaMobilePhone;
    private HttpResponseMessage _response;

    private static void Main()
    {
        Task t = Run();
        t.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine("\nPress <enter> to continue...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static async Task Run()
    {
        var program = new Program();
        program.ServiceSetup();
        // do not proceed until clean-up completes
        await program.CleanupAsync();
        program.CreateFirstCustomer();
        // do not proceed until customer is added
        await program.AddCustomerAsync();
        program.CreateSecondCustomer();
        // do not proceed until customer is added
        await program.AddSecondCustomerAsync();
        // do not proceed until customer is removed
        await program.RemoveFirstCustomerAsync();
        // do not proceed until customers are fetched
        await program.FetchCustomersAsync();
    }

    private void ServiceSetup()
    {
        // set up infrastructure for Web API call
        _client = new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:62799/") };
        // add Accept Header to request Web API content negotiation to return resource in JSON format
        _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue
        ("application/json"));
    }
    private async Task CleanupAsync()
    {
        // call the cleanup method from the service
        _response = await _client.DeleteAsync("api/customer/cleanup/");
    }

    private void CreateFirstCustomer()
    {
        // create customer #1 and two phone numbers
        _bush = new Customer
        {
            Name = "George Bush",
            Company = "Ex President",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _whiteHousePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 222-2222",
            PhoneType = "White House Red Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _bushMobilePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 333-3333",
            PhoneType = "Bush Mobile Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _bush.Phones.Add(_whiteHousePhone);
        _bush.Phones.Add(_bushMobilePhone);
    }

    private async Task AddCustomerAsync()
    {
        // construct call to invoke UpdateCustomer action method in Web API service
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _bush, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created customer entity from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for all entities
            _bush = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            _whiteHousePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _bush.CustomerId);
            _bushMobilePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _bush.CustomerId);
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Customer {0} and {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
            _bush.Name, _bush.Phones.Count);
            foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Added Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void CreateSecondCustomer()
    {
        // create customer #2 and phone numbers
        _obama = new Customer
        {
            Name = "Barack Obama",
            Company = "President",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _obamaMobilePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 444-4444",
            PhoneType = "Obama Mobile Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        // set tracking state to 'Modifed' to generate a SQL Update statement
        _whiteHousePhone.TrackingState = TrackingState.Update;
        _obama.Phones.Add(_obamaMobilePhone);
        _obama.Phones.Add(_whiteHousePhone);
    }

    private async Task AddSecondCustomerAsync()
    {
        // construct call to invoke UpdateCustomer action method in Web API service
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _obama, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created customer entity from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for all entities
            _obama = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            _whiteHousePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _obama.CustomerId);
            _bushMobilePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _obama.CustomerId);
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Customer {0} and {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
            _obama.Name, _obama.Phones.Count);
            foreach (var phoneType in _obama.Phones)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Added Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private async Task RemoveFirstCustomerAsync()
    {
        // remove George Bush from underlying data store.
        // first, fetch George Bush entity, demonstrating a call to the
        // get action method on the service while passing a parameter
        var query = "api/customer/" + _bush.CustomerId;
        _response = _client.GetAsync(query).Result;

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            _bush = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            // set tracking state to 'Remove' to generate a SQL Delete statement
            _bush.TrackingState = TrackingState.Remove;
            // must also remove bush's mobile number -- must delete child before removing parent
            foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
            {
                // set tracking state to 'Remove' to generate a SQL Delete statement
                phoneType.TrackingState = TrackingState.Remove;
            }
            // construct call to remove Bush from underlying database table
            _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _bush, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
            if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Removed {0} from database", _bush.Name);
                foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Remove {0} from data store", phoneType.PhoneType);
                }
            }
            else
                Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
    }

    private async Task FetchCustomersAsync()
    {
        // finally, return remaining customers from underlying data store
        _response = await _client.GetAsync("api/customer/");
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            var customers = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Customer>>();
            foreach (var customer in customers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Customer {0} has {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
                customer.Name, customer.Phones.Count());
                foreach (var phoneType in customer.Phones)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
    }
}