public class User
    {
        public User()
        {
            UserRoles = new HashSet<UserRole>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Username { get; set; }

        public string Password { get; set; }

        public string DisplayName { get; set; }

        public bool IsActive { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset? LastLoggedIn { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// every time the user changes his Password,
        /// or an admin changes his Roles or stat/IsActive,
        /// create a new `SerialNumber` GUID and store it in the DB.
        /// </summary>
        public string SerialNumber { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }
    }

    public class Role
    {
        public Role()
        {
            UserRoles = new HashSet<UserRole>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }
    }

    public static class CustomRoles
    {
        public const string Admin = nameof(Admin);
        public const string User = nameof(User);
    }

    public class UserRole
    {
        public int UserId { get; set; }
        public int RoleId { get; set; }

        public virtual User User { get; set; }
        public virtual Role Role { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
    {
        DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;

        int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess);
        int SaveChanges();
        Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess, CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken());
        Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken());
    }

    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)
        { }

        public virtual DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }
        public virtual DbSet<Role> Roles { set; get; }
        public virtual DbSet<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            // it should be placed here, otherwise it will rewrite the following settings!
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);

            // Custom application mappings
            builder.Entity<User>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Username).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Username).IsUnique();
                entity.Property(e => e.Password).IsRequired();
                entity.Property(e => e.SerialNumber).HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            builder.Entity<Role>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Name).IsUnique();
            });

            builder.Entity<UserRole>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.UserId, e.RoleId });
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.UserId);
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.RoleId);
                entity.Property(e => e.UserId);
                entity.Property(e => e.RoleId);
                entity.HasOne(d => d.Role).WithMany(p => p.UserRoles).HasForeignKey(d => d.RoleId);
                entity.HasOne(d => d.User).WithMany(p => p.UserRoles).HasForeignKey(d => d.UserId);
            });
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Only used by EF Tooling
    /// </summary>
    public class ApplicationDbContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)
        {
            var basePath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
            Console.WriteLine($"Using `{basePath}` as the BasePath");
            var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                                    .SetBasePath(basePath)
                                    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
                                    .Build();
            var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ApplicationDbContext>();
            var connectionString = configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
            builder.UseSqlServer(connectionString);
            return new ApplicationDbContext(builder.Options);
        }
    }

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Data Source=(LocalDB)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=ASPNETCore2CookieAuthenticationDB;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;"
  },
  "LoginCookieExpirationDays": 30
}

    public interface IUsersService
    {
        Task<string> GetSerialNumberAsync(int userId);
        Task<User> FindUserAsync(string username, string password);
        Task<User> FindUserAsync(int userId);
        Task UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(int userId);
    }

    public interface IRolesService
    {
        Task<List<Role>> FindUserRolesAsync(int userId);
        Task<bool> IsUserInRole(int userId, string roleName);
        Task<List<User>> FindUsersInRoleAsync(string roleName);
    }

    public interface IDbInitializerService
    {
        void Initialize();
        void SeedData();
    }

    public interface ICookieValidatorService
    {
        Task ValidateAsync(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context);
    }

    public class CookieValidatorService : ICookieValidatorService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        public CookieValidatorService(IUsersService usersService)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _usersService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(usersService));
        }

        public async Task ValidateAsync(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
        {
            var userPrincipal = context.Principal;

            var claimsIdentity = context.Principal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var serialNumberClaim = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber);
            if (serialNumberClaim == null)
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var userIdString = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData).Value;
            if (!int.TryParse(userIdString, out int userId))
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || user.SerialNumber != serialNumberClaim.Value || !user.IsActive)
            {
                // user has changed his/her password/roles/stat/IsActive
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
            }

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        private Task handleUnauthorizedRequest(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
        {
            context.RejectPrincipal();
            return context.HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        }
    }

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();
            services.AddScoped<IUsersService, UsersService>();
            services.AddScoped<IRolesService, RolesService>();
            services.AddScoped<ISecurityService, SecurityService>();
            services.AddScoped<ICookieValidatorService, CookieValidatorService>();
            services.AddScoped<IDbInitializerService, DbInitializerService>();

            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
            {
                options.UseSqlServer(
                    Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"),
                    serverDbContextOptionsBuilder =>
                        {
                            var minutes = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3).TotalSeconds;
                            serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.CommandTimeout(minutes);
                            serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.EnableRetryOnFailure();
                        });
            });

            // Only needed for custom roles.
            services.AddAuthorization(options =>
                    {
                        options.AddPolicy(CustomRoles.Admin, policy => policy.RequireRole(CustomRoles.Admin));
                        options.AddPolicy(CustomRoles.User, policy => policy.RequireRole(CustomRoles.User));
                    });

            // Needed for cookie auth.
            services
                .AddAuthentication(options =>
                {
                    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultSignInScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                })
                .AddCookie(options =>
                {
                    options.SlidingExpiration = false;
                    options.LoginPath = "/api/account/login";
                    options.LogoutPath = "/api/account/logout";
                    //options.AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Home/Forbidden/");
                    options.Cookie.Name = ".my.app1.cookie";
                    options.Cookie.HttpOnly = true;
                    options.Cookie.SecurePolicy = CookieSecurePolicy.SameAsRequest;
                    options.Cookie.SameSite = SameSiteMode.Lax;
                    options.Events = new CookieAuthenticationEvents
                    {
                        OnValidatePrincipal = context =>
                        {
                            var cookieValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ICookieValidatorService>();
                            return cookieValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
                        }
                    };
                });

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   app.UseAuthentication();

            var scopeFactory = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>();
            using (var scope = scopeFactory.CreateScope())
            {
                var dbInitializer = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IDbInitializerService>();
                dbInitializer.Initialize();
                dbInitializer.SeedData();
            }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Login([FromBody]  User loginUser)
        {
            if (loginUser == null)
            {
                return BadRequest("user is not set.");
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(loginUser.Username, loginUser.Password).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || !user.IsActive)
            {
                await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var loginCookieExpirationDays = _configuration.GetValue<int>("LoginCookieExpirationDays", defaultValue: 30);
            var cookieClaims = await createCookieClaimsAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
            await HttpContext.SignInAsync(
                CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
                cookieClaims,
                new AuthenticationProperties
                {
                    IsPersistent = true, // "Remember Me"
                    IssuedUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
                    ExpiresUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(loginCookieExpirationDays)
                });

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return Ok();
        }

        private async Task<ClaimsPrincipal> createCookieClaimsAsync(User user)
        {
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString()));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Username));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim("DisplayName", user.DisplayName));

            // to invalidate the cookie
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber, user.SerialNumber));

            // custom data
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.Id.ToString()));

            // add roles
            var roles = await _rolesService.FindUserRolesAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role.Name));
            }

            return new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
        }

[Route("api/[controller]")]
[Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Admin)]
public class MyProtectedAdminApiController : Controller

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet("[action]"), HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<bool> Logout()
        {
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            return true;
        }

• expand$: بصورت نرمال، هنگام کوئری گرفتن از یک کالکشن OData، پاسخ سرور موجودیت‌های مرتبط (related entities) را شامل نمی‌شود. با استفاده از expand$ می‌توانیم موجودیت‌های مرتبط را بصورت inline در پاسخ سرور دریافت کنیم.
• select$: از این متد برای انتخاب چند خاصیت بخصوص از پاسخ سرور استفاده می‌شود، بجای آنکه تمام خاصیت‌ها بارگذاری شوند.
• value$: با این متد مقدار خام (raw) فیلد‌ها را بدست می‌آورید، بجای دریافت آنها در فرمت OData.

• Top 10 ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions 
  
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 C:\>dotnet --version
1.0.1

D:\vs-code-examples\FirstAspNetCoreProject>dotnet new --help
Getting ready...
Template Instantiation Commands for .NET Core CLI.

Usage: dotnet new [arguments] [options]

Arguments:
  template  The template to instantiate.

Options:
  -l|--list         List templates containing the specified name.
  -lang|--language  Specifies the language of the template to create
  -n|--name         The name for the output being created. If no name is specified, the name of the current directory is used.
  -o|--output       Location to place the generated output.
  -h|--help         Displays help for this command.
  -all|--show-all   Shows all templates


Templates                 Short Name      Language      Tags
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Console Application       console         [C#], F#      Common/Console
Class library             classlib        [C#], F#      Common/Library
Unit Test Project         mstest          [C#], F#      Test/MSTest
xUnit Test Project        xunit           [C#], F#      Test/xUnit
ASP.NET Core Empty        web             [C#]          Web/Empty
ASP.NET Core Web App      mvc             [C#], F#      Web/MVC
ASP.NET Core Web API      webapi          [C#]          Web/WebAPI
Solution File             sln                           Solution

Examples:
    dotnet new mvc --auth None --framework netcoreapp1.1
    dotnet new xunit --framework netcoreapp1.1
    dotnet new --help

 D:\vs-code-examples\FirstAspNetCoreProject>dotnet new mvc --auth None

 D:\vs-code-examples\FirstAspNetCoreProject>code .

 "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "cmd.exe"

 D:\vs-code-examples\FirstAspNetCoreProject>dotnet run
Hosting environment: Production
Content root path: D:\vs-code-examples\FirstAspNetCoreProject
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientName = "Image Gallery",
                    // IdentityTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AuthorizationCodeLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AccessTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 3600 seconds / 1 hour
                }
             };
        }
    }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientName = "Image Gallery",
                    // IdentityTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AuthorizationCodeLifetime = ... // defaults to 300 seconds / 5 minutes
                    // AccessTokenLifetime = ... // defaults to 3600 seconds / 1 hour
                    AllowOfflineAccess = true,
                    // AbsoluteRefreshTokenLifetime = ... // Defaults to 2592000 seconds / 30 days
                    // RefreshTokenExpiration = TokenExpiration.Sliding
                    UpdateAccessTokenClaimsOnRefresh = true,
                    // ...
                }
             };
        }
    }
}

options.Scope.Add("offline_access");

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using IdentityModel.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect;

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.Services
{
    public interface IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A typed HttpClient.
    /// </summary>
    public class ImageGalleryHttpClient : IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
        private readonly ILogger<ImageGalleryHttpClient> _logger;

        public ImageGalleryHttpClient(
            HttpClient httpClient,
            IConfiguration configuration,
            IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor,
            ILogger<ImageGalleryHttpClient> logger)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient;
            _configuration = configuration;
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
            _logger = logger;
        }

        public async Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync()
        {
            var accessToken = string.Empty;

            var currentContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
            var expires_at = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync("expires_at");
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(expires_at)
                || ((DateTime.Parse(expires_at).AddSeconds(-60)).ToUniversalTime() < DateTime.UtcNow))
            {
                accessToken = await RenewTokens();
            }
            else
            {
                accessToken = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
            }

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken))
            {
                _logger.LogInformation($"Using Access Token: {accessToken}");
                _httpClient.SetBearerToken(accessToken);
            }

            _httpClient.BaseAddress = new Uri(_configuration["WebApiBaseAddress"]);
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

            return _httpClient;
        }

        private async Task<string> RenewTokens()
        {
            // get the current HttpContext to access the tokens
            var currentContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;

            // get the metadata
            var discoveryClient = new DiscoveryClient(_configuration["IDPBaseAddress"]);
            var metaDataResponse = await discoveryClient.GetAsync();

            // create a new token client to get new tokens
            var tokenClient = new TokenClient(
                metaDataResponse.TokenEndpoint,
                _configuration["ClientId"],
                _configuration["ClientSecret"]);

            // get the saved refresh token
            var currentRefreshToken = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.RefreshToken);

            // refresh the tokens
            var tokenResult = await tokenClient.RequestRefreshTokenAsync(currentRefreshToken);
            if (tokenResult.IsError)
            {
                throw new Exception("Problem encountered while refreshing tokens.", tokenResult.Exception);
            }

            // update the tokens & expiration value
            var updatedTokens = new List<AuthenticationToken>();
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = OpenIdConnectParameterNames.IdToken,
                Value = tokenResult.IdentityToken
            });
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken,
                Value = tokenResult.AccessToken
            });
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = OpenIdConnectParameterNames.RefreshToken,
                Value = tokenResult.RefreshToken
            });

            var expiresAt = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(tokenResult.ExpiresIn);
            updatedTokens.Add(new AuthenticationToken
            {
                Name = "expires_at",
                Value = expiresAt.ToString("o", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
            });

            // get authenticate result, containing the current principal & properties
            var currentAuthenticateResult = await currentContext.AuthenticateAsync("Cookies");

            // store the updated tokens
            currentAuthenticateResult.Properties.StoreTokens(updatedTokens);

            // sign in
            await currentContext.SignInAsync("Cookies",
             currentAuthenticateResult.Principal, currentAuthenticateResult.Properties);

            // return the new access token
            return tokenResult.AccessToken;
        }
    }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<Client>
            {
                new Client
                {
                    ClientName = "Image Gallery",
// ...
                    AccessTokenType = AccessTokenType.Reference
                }
             };
        }
    }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        // api-related resources (scopes)
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(
                    name: "imagegalleryapi",
                    displayName: "Image Gallery API",
                    claimTypes: new List<string> {"role" })
                {
                  ApiSecrets = { new Secret("apisecret".Sha256()) }
                }
            };
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(defaultScheme: IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
               .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
               {
                   options.Authority = Configuration["IDPBaseAddress"];
                   options.ApiName = "imagegalleryapi";
                   options.ApiSecret = "apisecret";
               });

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    public class GalleryController : Controller
    {
        public async Task Logout()
        {
            await revokeTokens();
            // Clears the  local cookie ("Cookies" must match the name of the scheme)
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync("Cookies");
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync("oidc");
        }

        private async Task revokeTokens()
        {
            var discoveryClient = new DiscoveryClient(_configuration["IDPBaseAddress"]);
            var metaDataResponse = await discoveryClient.GetAsync();
            var tokenRevocationClient = new TokenRevocationClient(
                metaDataResponse.RevocationEndpoint,
                _configuration["ClientId"],
                _configuration["ClientSecret"]
            );

            var accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken))
            {
                var response = await tokenRevocationClient.RevokeAccessTokenAsync(accessToken);
                if (response.IsError)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Problem accessing the TokenRevocation endpoint.", response.Exception);
                }
            }

            var refreshToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.RefreshToken);
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(refreshToken))
            {
                var response = await tokenRevocationClient.RevokeRefreshTokenAsync(refreshToken);
                if (response.IsError)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Problem accessing the TokenRevocation endpoint.", response.Exception);
                }
            }
        }