• هنگامیکه خطایی رخ نداده است، محتوای فرزند خود را رندر می‌کند. 
  
  
• هنگامیکه یک استثناء کنترل نشده رخ می‌دهد، صفحه‌ی خطای پیش فرضی را رندر می‌کند. 

  
  

<div>
    <div>
        <ErrorBoundary>
            @Body
        </ErrorBoundary>
    </div>
</div>

<ErrorBoundary>
    <ChildContent>
        @Body
    </ChildContent>
    <ErrorContent>
        <p class="errorUI">متاسفانه خطایی رخ داده است!</p>
    </ErrorContent>
</ErrorBoundary>

...

<ErrorBoundary @ref="errorBoundary">
    @Body
</ErrorBoundary>

...

@code {
    private ErrorBoundary? errorBoundary;

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        errorBoundary?.Recover();
    }
}

return Json(new { success = true });

if (result.success) {
                            $('#dialogDiv').modal('hide');
                            if (options.completeHandler)
                                options.completeHandler();

 >ng g c Dashboard/CallProtectedApi

import { CallProtectedApiComponent } from "./call-protected-api/call-protected-api.component";

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: "callProtectedApi",
    component: CallProtectedApiComponent,
    data: {
      permission: {
        permittedRoles: ["Admin", "User"],
        deniedRoles: null
      } as AuthGuardPermission
    },
    canActivate: [AuthGuard]
  }
];

<li *ngIf="isLoggedIn" routerLinkActive="active">
        <a [routerLink]="['/callProtectedApi']">‍‍Call Protected Api</a>
</li>

import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { AuthService } from "../../core/services/auth.service";

@Component({
  selector: "app-call-protected-api",
  templateUrl: "./call-protected-api.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./call-protected-api.component.css"]
})
export class CallProtectedApiComponent implements OnInit {

  isAdmin = false;
  isUser = false;
  result: any;

  constructor(private authService: AuthService) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.isAdmin = this.authService.isAuthUserInRole("Admin");
    this.isUser = this.authService.isAuthUserInRole("User");
  }

  callMyProtectedAdminApiController() {
  }

  callMyProtectedApiController() {
  }
}

<button *ngIf="isAdmin" (click)="callMyProtectedAdminApiController()">
  Call Protected Admin API [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
</button>

<button *ngIf="isAdmin || isUser" (click)="callMyProtectedApiController()">
  Call Protected API ([Authorize])
</button>

<div *ngIf="result">
  <pre>{{result | json}}</pre>
</div>

  getBearerAuthHeader(): HttpHeaders {
    return new HttpHeaders({
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      "Authorization": `Bearer ${this.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken)}`
    });
  }

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";

import { AuthService, AuthTokenType } from "./auth.service";

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(private authService: AuthService) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {

    const accessToken = this.authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
    }

    return next.handle(request);
  }
}

import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from "@angular/common/http";

import { AuthInterceptor } from "./services/auth.interceptor";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    {
      provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
      useClass: AuthInterceptor,
      multi: true
    }
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {}

compiler.js:19514 Uncaught Error: Provider parse errors:
Cannot instantiate cyclic dependency! InjectionToken_HTTP_INTERCEPTORS ("[ERROR ->]"): in NgModule AppModule in ./AppModule@-1:-1

import { Injector } from "@angular/core";

  constructor(private injector: Injector) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(private injector: Injector) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);
    const accessToken = authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
    }

    return next.handle(request);
  }
}

  constructor(
    private authService: AuthService,
    private httpClient: HttpClient,
    @Inject(APP_CONFIG) private appConfig: IAppConfig,
  ) { }

  callMyProtectedAdminApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedAdminApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

  callMyProtectedApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

    return next.handle(request)
      .catch((error: any, caught: Observable<HttpEvent<any>>) => {
        if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
          this.router.navigate(["/accessDenied"]);
        }
        return Observable.throw(error);
      });

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(
    private injector: Injector,
    private router: Router) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);
    const accessToken = authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
      return next.handle(request)
        .catch((error: any, caught: Observable<HttpEvent<any>>) => {
          if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
            this.router.navigate(["/accessDenied"]);
          }
          return Observable.throw(error);
        });
    } else {
      // login page
      return next.handle(request);
    }
  }
}

using ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cors;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [EnableCors("CorsPolicy")]
    [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Editor)]
    public class MyProtectedEditorsApiController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Get()
        {
            return Ok(new
            {
                Id = 1,
                Title = "Hello from My Protected Editors Controller! [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Editor)]",
                Username = this.User.Identity.Name
            });
        }
    }
}

  callMyProtectedEditorsApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedEditorsApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

• Boolean
• Null
• Undefined
• Number
• String

• Arrays
• Objects
• Functions

 import {ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component} from '@angular/core';
@Component({
  // ...
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})
export class OnPushComponent {
  // ...
}

static mutable() {
  var before = {foo: "bar"};
  var current = before;
  current.foo = "hello";
  console.log(before === current);
  // => true
}

static immutable() {
  var before = {foo: "bar"};
  var current = before;
  current = {foo: "hello"};
  console.log(before === current);
  // => false
}

npm install immutable --save

import {Map, List} from 'immutable';

var foobar = {foo: "bar"};
var immutableFoobar = Map(foobar);
console.log(immutableFooter.get("foo"));
// => bar

var helloWorld = ["Hello", "World!"];
var immutableHelloWorld = List(helloWorld);
console.log(immutableHelloWorld.first());
// => Hello
console.log(immutableHelloWorld.last());
// => World!
helloWorld.push("Hello Mars!");
console.log(immutableHelloWorld.last());
// => Hello Mars!

const user = {
  name: 'Max',
  age: 30
}
user.age = 31

const user = {
  name: 'Max',
  age: 30
}
const modifiedUser = { ...user, age: 31 }

export class AppComponent {
  foods = ['Bacon', 'Lettuce', 'Tomatoes'];
 
  addFood(food) {
    this.foods.push(food);
  }
}

addFood(food) {
  this.foods = [...this.foods, food];
}

 import { Component,  Input, ChangeDetectionStrategy, ChangeDetectorRef } from '@angular/core';
 
@Component({
  selector: 'app-child',
  templateUrl: './child.component.html',
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})
export class ChildComponent {
  @Input() data: string[];
 
  constructor(private cd: ChangeDetectorRef) {}
 
  refresh() {
      this.cd.detectChanges();
  }
}

 import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { BehaviorSubject } from 'rxjs/BehaviorSubject';
 
@Component({ ... })
export class AppComponent {
  foods = new BehaviorSubject(['Bacon', 'Letuce', 'Tomatoes']);
 
  addFood(food) {
     this.foods.next(food);
  }
}

 import { Component, Input, ChangeDetectionStrategy, ChangeDetectorRef, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
 
@Component({
  selector: 'app-child',
  templateUrl: './child.component.html',
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})
export class ChildComponent implements OnInit {
  @Input() data: Observable<any>;
  foods: string[] = [];
 
  constructor(private cd: ChangeDetectorRef) {}
 
  ngOnInit() {
     this.data.subscribe(food => {
        this.foods = [...this.foods, ...food];
     });
  }

ngOnInit() {
  this.data.subscribe(food => {
      this.foods = [...this.foods, ...food];
      this.cd.markForCheck(); // marks path
   });
}

export function getLocalJwt(){
  return localStorage.getItem(tokenKey);
}

import * as auth from "./authService";

axios.defaults.headers.common["Authorization"] = "Bearer " + auth.getLocalJwt();

Uncaught ReferenceError: Cannot access 'tokenKey' before initialization

function setJwt(jwt) {
  axios.defaults.headers.common["Authorization"] = "Bearer " + jwt;
}

//...

export default {
  // ...
  setJwt
};

http.setJwt(getLocalJwt());

function checkExpirationDate(user) {
  if (!user || !user.exp) {
    throw new Error("This access token doesn't have an expiration date!");
  }

  user.expirationDateUtc = new Date(0); // The 0 sets the date to the epoch
  user.expirationDateUtc.setUTCSeconds(user.exp);

  const isAccessTokenTokenExpired =
    user.expirationDateUtc.valueOf() < new Date().valueOf();
  if (isAccessTokenTokenExpired) {
    throw new Error("This access token is expired!");
  }
}

if (user.IsAdmin)
{
   claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, CustomRoles.Admin, ClaimValueTypes.String, _configuration.Value.Issuer));
}

{
  // ...
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role": "Admin",
  // ...
}

    public class User : BaseModel
    {
        [Required, MinLength(2), MaxLength(50)]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [Required, MinLength(5), MaxLength(255)]
        public string Email { set; get; }

        [Required, MinLength(5), MaxLength(1024)]
        public string Password { set; get; }

        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult<User> Create(
            [FromBody]
            [Bind(nameof(Models.User.Name), nameof(Models.User.Email), nameof(Models.User.Password))]
            User data)
        {

<NavBar user={this.state.currentUser} />

<Route
   path="/movies"
   render={props => <Movies {...props} user={this.state.currentUser} />}
/>

class Movies extends Component {
  // ...

  render() {
    const { user } = this.props;
    // ...

{user && (
  <Link
    to="/movies/new"
    className="btn btn-primary"
    style={{ marginBottom: 20 }}
  >
    New Movie
  </Link>
)}

{
  // ...
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role": "Admin",
  // ...
}

function addRoles(user) {
  const roles =
    user["http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role"];
  if (roles) {
    if (Array.isArray(roles)) {
      user.roles = roles.map(role => role.toLowerCase());
    } else {
      user.roles = [roles.toLowerCase()];
    }
  }
}

export function isAuthUserInRoles(user, requiredRoles) {
  if (!user || !user.roles) {
    return false;
  }

  if (user.roles.indexOf(adminRoleName.toLowerCase()) >= 0) {
    return true; // The `Admin` role has full access to every pages.
  }

  return requiredRoles.some(requiredRole => {
    if (user.roles) {
      return user.roles.indexOf(requiredRole.toLowerCase()) >= 0;
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  });
}

export function isAuthUserInRole(user, requiredRole) {
  return isAuthUserInRoles(user, [requiredRole]);
}

import { adminRoleName, apiUrl } from "../config.json";

{
  "apiUrl": "https://localhost:5001/api",
  "adminRoleName": "Admin"
}

import * as auth from "../services/authService";

class MoviesTable extends Component {
  columns = [ ... ];
  // ...

  deleteColumn = {
    key: "delete",
    content: movie => (
      <button
        onClick={() => this.props.onDelete(movie)}
        className="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
      >
        Delete
      </button>
    )
  };

  constructor() {
    super();
    const user = auth.getCurrentUser();
    if (user && auth.isAuthUserInRole(user, "Admin")) {
      this.columns.push(this.deleteColumn);
    }
  }

Angular js : Angular 1 & Angular : Angular 2 

@* For being rendered on the server *@
<Counter @rendermode="@InteractiveServer" />

@* For running in WebAssembly *@
<Counter @rendermode="@InteractiveWebAssembly" />

@rendermode InteractiveServer

@rendermode InteractiveWebAssembly

<Counter @rendermode="@InteractiveAuto" />

@attribute [StreamRendering(prerender: true)]

Objectها باید مانند ماشین‌هایی تلقی شوند که عملیات موجود در واسط عمومی خود را برای افرادی که درخواست مناسبی ارسال کنند، اجرا خواهند کرد. با توجه به اینکه یک object از استفاده کننده خود مستقل است و وابستگی به او ندارد و همچنین توجه به ساختار نحوی (syntax) برخی از زبان‌های شیء گرای جدید، عبارت «sending a message» برای توصیف اجرای رفتاری از مجموعه رفتارهای object، استفاده میشود.
به محض اینکه پیغامی (Message) به سمت object ارسال شود، ابتدا باید تصمیم بگیرد که این پیغام ارسالی را درک می‌کند. فرض کنیم این پیغام قابل درک است. در این صورت object مورد نظر، همزمان با نگاشت پیغام به یک فراخوانی تابع (function call)، خود را به صورت ضمنی به عنوان اولین آرگومان ارسال می‌کند. تصمیم گرفتن در رابطه با قابل درک بودن یک پیغام، در زبان‌های مفسری در زمان اجرا و در زبان‌های کامپایلری در زمان کامپایل، انجام میگرد. 
نام (یا prototype) رفتار یک وهله، Message (پیغام) نامیده می‌شود. بسیاری از زبان‌های شیء گرا مفهموم Overloaded Functions Or Operators را پشتیبانی می‌کنند. در این صورت می‌توان در سیستم دو تابعی داشت که با نام یکسان، یا انواع مختلف آرگومان (intraclass overloading) داشته باشند یا در کلاس‌های مختلفی (interclass overloading) قرار گیرند. 
ممکن است کلاس ساعت زنگدار، دو پیغام set_time که یکی از آنها با دو آرگومان از نوع عدد صحیح و دیگری یک آرگومان رشته‌ای است داشته باشد.

void AlarmClock::set_time(int hours, int minutes); 

void AlarmClock::set_time(String time);

void AlarmClock::set_time(int hours, int minutes); 

void Watch::set_time(int hours, int minutes);

public class Object
    {
        public Object();
        public static bool Equals(Object objA, Object objB){...}
        public static bool ReferenceEquals(Object objA, Object objB){...}
        public virtual bool Equals(Object obj){...}
        public virtual int GetHashCode(){...}
        public Type GetType(){...}
        public virtual string ToString(){...}
        protected Object MemberwiseClone(){...}
    }