using NUnit.Framework;
using NUnit.Framework.SyntaxHelpers;
 
namespace TestLibrary
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class MyTest
   {
       [Test]
       public void Test1()
       {
           var expectedValue = 2;
           Assert.That(expectedValue , Is.EqualTo(2));
       }
   }
}

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting ;
 
namespace TestLibrary
{
   [TesClass]
   public class MyTest
   {
       [TestMethod]
       public void Test1()
       {
           var expectedValue = 2;
           Assert.AreEqual (expectedValue , 2);
       }
   }
}

Install-Package Should

Install-Package ShouldFluent

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
 
namespace TestLibrary
{
   [TesClass]
   public class MyTest
   {
       [TestMethod]
       public void Test1()
       {          
           var expectedValue = 2;
           expectedValue.Should().Equal( 2 );
       }
   }
}

[TestMethod]        
public void AccountConstructorTest()        
{
     const int expectedBalance = 1000;    
     Account bankAccount = new Account();       
         
     // Assert.IsNotNull(bankAccount, "Account was null.");         
    // Assert.AreEqual(expectedBalance, bankAccount.AccountBalance, "Account balance not mathcing");         



    bankAccount.ShouldNotBeNull("Account was null"); 
    bankAccount.AccountBalance.ShouldEqual(expectedBalance, "Account balance not matching");      
}  

public void Should_fluent_assertions()
{
    object obj = null;
    obj.Should().Be.Null();

    obj = new object();
    obj.Should().Be.OfType(typeof(object));
    obj.Should().Equal(obj);
    obj.Should().Not.Be.Null();
    obj.Should().Not.Be.SameAs(new object());
    obj.Should().Not.Be.OfType<string>();
    obj.Should().Not.Equal("foo");

    obj = "x";
    obj.Should().Not.Be.InRange("y", "z");
    obj.Should().Be.InRange("a", "z");
    obj.Should().Be.SameAs("x");

    "This String".Should().Contain("This");
    "This String".Should().Not.Be.Empty();
    "This String".Should().Not.Contain("foobar");

    false.Should().Be.False();
    true.Should().Be.True();

    var list = new List<object>();
    list.Should().Count.Zero();
    list.Should().Not.Contain.Item(new object());

    var item = new object();
    list.Add(item);
    list.Should().Not.Be.Empty();
    list.Should().Contain.Item(item);
};

public void Should_fluent_assertions()
{   
    var id = new Guid();
    id.Should().Be.Empty();

    id = Guid.NewGuid();
    id.Should().Not.Be.Empty();

    var date = DateTime.Now;
    date1.Should().Be.Today();

    var str = "";
    str.Should().Be.NullOrEmpty();                

    var one = "1";
    one.Should().Be.ConvertableTo<int>();

    var idString = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    idString.Should().Be.ConvertableTo<Guid>();
}

Butter
Milk
Suger

$"Users: {Users.Count()}".Dump();
$"Logins: {Logins.Count()}".Dump();

Users: 1200
Logins: 21000

var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver()
});

using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace JsonNetTests
{
    public enum Color
    {
        Red,
        Green,
        Blue,
        White
    }

    public class Item
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public Color Color { set; get; }
    }

    public class EnumTests
    {
        public string GetJson()
        {
            var item = new Item
            {
                Name = "Item 1",
                Color = Color.Blue 
            };

            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(item, Formatting.Indented);
        }
    }
}

{
  "Name": "Item 1",
  "Color": 2
}

  [JsonConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
  public Color Color { set; get; }

return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(item, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
});

   public class Category
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }

        public Category()
        {
            Products = new List<Product>();
        }
    }

    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
    }

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;

namespace JsonNetTests
{
    public class SelfReferencingLoops
    {
        public string GetJson()
        {
            var category = new Category
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "Category 1"
            };
            var product = new Product
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "Product 1"
            };

            category.Products.Add(product);
            product.Category = category;

            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(category, new JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
                Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
            });
        }
    }
}

 An unhandled exception of type 'Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializationException' occurred in Newtonsoft.Json.dll
Additional information: Self referencing loop detected for property 'Category' with type 'JsonNetTests.Category'. Path 'Products[0]'.

return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(category, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   ReferenceLoopHandling = ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore,
   Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
});

return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(category, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   PreserveReferencesHandling = PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects,
   Converters = { new StringEnumConverter() }
});

{
  "$id": "1",
  "Id": 1,
  "Name": "Category 1",
  "Products": [
    {
      "$id": "2",
      "Id": 1,
      "Name": "Product 1",
      "Category": {
        "$ref": "1"
      }
    }
  ]
}

            $('#list').jqGrid({
                caption: "آزمایش نهم",
                // ....
                colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'myac', width: 80, fixed: true, sortable: false,
                        resize: false,
                        //formatter: 'actions',
                        formatter: function (cellvalue, options, rowObject) {
                            if (cellvalue === undefined && options.rowId === "_empty") {
                                // در حالت نمایش ردیف توکار جدید دکمه‌های ویرایش و حذف معنی ندارند
                                options.colModel.formatoptions.editbutton = false;
                                options.colModel.formatoptions.delbutton = false;
                            }
                            return $.fn.fmatter.actions(cellvalue, options, rowObject);
                        },
                        formatoptions: {
                            keys: true,
                            afterSave: function (rowid, response) {
                            },
                            delbutton: true,
                            delOptions: {
                                url: "@Url.Action("DeleteUser", "Home")"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ],
                //...
            }).navGrid(
                '#pager',
//...
)
                .jqGrid('gridResize', { minWidth: 400, minHeight: 150 })
                .jqGrid('inlineNav', '#pager',
                {
                    edit: true, add: true, save: true, cancel: true,
                    edittext: "ویرایش", addtext: "جدید", savetext: "ذخیره", canceltext: "لغو",
                    addParams: {
                        // اگر می‌خواهید ردیف‌های جدید در ابتدا ظاهر شوند، این سطر را حذف کنید
                        position: "last", //ردیف‌های جدید در آخر ظاهر می‌شوند
                        rowID: '_empty',
                        useDefValues: true,
                        addRowParams: getInlineNavParams(true)
                    },
                    editParams: getInlineNavParams(false)
                });

        function getInlineNavParams(isAdd) {
            return {
                // استفاده از آدرس‌های مختلف برای حالات ویرایش و ثبت اطلاعات جدید
                url: isAdd ? '@Url.Action("AddUser", "Home")' : '@Url.Action("EditUser","Home")',
                key: true,
                restoreAfterError: false, // این مورد سبب می‌شود تا اعتبارسنجی سمت سرور قابل اعمال شود
                oneditfunc: function (rowId) {
                    // نمایش دکمه‌های ذخیره و لغو داخل همان سطر
                    $("#jSaveButton_" + rowId).show();
                    $("#jCancelButton_" + rowId).show();
                },
                successfunc: function () {
                    var $self = $(this);
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        $self.trigger("reloadGrid"); // دریافت کلید اصلی ردیف از سرور
                    }, 50);
                },
                errorfunc: function (rowid, response, stat) {
                    if (stat != 'error') // this.Response.StatusCode == 200
                        return;

                    var result = $.parseJSON(response.responseText);
                    if (result.success === false) {
                        //نمایش خطای اعتبار سنجی سمت سرور پس از ویرایش یا افزودن
                        $.jgrid.info_dialog($.jgrid.errors.errcap,
                            '<div class="ui-state-error">' + result.message + '</div>',
                            $.jgrid.edit.bClose,
                            { buttonalign: 'center' });
                    }
                }
            };
        }

            if (_usersInMemoryDataSource.Any(
                    user => user.Name.Equals(postData.Name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)))
            {
                this.Response.StatusCode = 500; //این مورد برای افزودن داخل ردیف‌های گرید لازم است
                return Json(new { success = false, message = "نام کاربر تکراری است" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
            }

            $('#list').jqGrid({
                caption: "آزمایش نهم",
                //.........
            }).navGrid(
                '#pager',
                //enabling buttons
                { add: true, del: true, edit: true, search: false },
                //edit option
                {
                    //......... 
                    errorTextFormat: serverErrorTextFormat
                },
                //add options
                {
                    //......... 
                    errorTextFormat: serverErrorTextFormat
                },
                //delete options
                {
                    //......... 
                })
                .jqGrid('gridResize', { minWidth: 400, minHeight: 150 })
                .jqGrid('inlineNav', '#pager',
                {
                    //......... 
                });

        function serverErrorTextFormat (response) {
            // در حالتیکه وضعیت خروجی از سرور 200 نیست فراخوانی می‌شود
            var result = $.parseJSON(response.responseText);
            if (result.success === false) {
                return result.message;
            }
            return "لطفا ورودی‌های وارد شده را بررسی کنید";
        }

        public ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            var user=_userService.GetById(3); // این متد ممکن است مقداری برگرداند و یا مقدار نال برگرداند
            if( user == null)
                 return HttpNotFound();
            return View(user);
        }

public ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            var user = _userService
                            .GetById(3)
                            .DefaultIfEmpty(new User())
                            .Single();
            return View(user);
        }

public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
    return View(_userService.GetById(3) ?? new User()); 
}

public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
    var user = _userService.GetById(3);
    return user == null ? HttpNotFound() : View(user);
}

   $(document).ready(function () {
                dataparam2 = "cmd=FillScope";
                $.ajax({
                    url: "Default2.aspx",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: dataparam2,
                    async: true,
                    success: function (msg) {
                        if (msg != '') {
                            var data = eval("(" + msg + ")");
                            $("#tbodytblMain").html('');
                            for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                                $("#tbodytblMain").append(
                                         "<tr class='odd gradeX'>"
                                         + "<td style='width:200px'>" + data[i].T + "</td>"
                                         + "<td style='width:150px'>" + data[i].P + "</td>"
                                          + "<td>" + data[i].S + "</td>"
                                         + "<td>" + data[i].TP + "</td>"
                                         + "<td>" + data[i].Sp + "</td>" + "</tr>");

                            }
                        }
                    },
                    error: function (msg) {

                    }
                });



                $('#tblMain').dataTable();
            });

    if (Request["cmd"] == "FillScope")
        {
            string Val = "برخوار";
            JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            string serText = "";
            MUIDataClassesDataContext db = new MUIDataClassesDataContext();
            var LST = (from x in db.tblProjectInfos
                       where x.tblScope.xScopeName.Contains(Val)
                       orderby x.tblScope.xScopeName
                       select new
                       {

                           P = x.xPlace,
                           S = x.tblScope.xScopeName,
                           TP = x.tblProjectType.xProjectTypeName,
                           Sp = x.tblStatus.xStatusName
                       });
            serText = js.Serialize(LST);
            Response.Write(serText);
            Response.End();

        }

private static HtmlDocument GetXHtmlFromUri(string uri)   {
            HtmlDocument htmlDoc = new HtmlDocument()
            {
                OptionCheckSyntax = true,
                OptionFixNestedTags = true,
                OptionAutoCloseOnEnd = true,
                OptionDefaultStreamEncoding = Encoding.UTF8
            };

            var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
            request.Method = "GET";



            //important
             request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)";
             request.Accept = "text/html";
            request.AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip | DecompressionMethods.Deflate;

            using (var response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
            {
                using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream())
                {
                    htmlDoc.Load(stream, Encoding.UTF8);
                }
            }
            return htmlDoc;
        }

private static HtmlDocument GetXHtmlFromUri2(string uri)        {
            WebClient client = new WebClient() { Encoding = Encoding.UTF8 };
            client.Headers.Add("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)");

            HtmlDocument htmlDoc = new HtmlDocument()
            {
                OptionCheckSyntax = true,
                OptionFixNestedTags = true,
                OptionAutoCloseOnEnd = true,
                OptionDefaultStreamEncoding = Encoding.UTF8
            };

            htmlDoc.LoadHtml(client.DownloadString(uri));

            return htmlDoc;
        }

 TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory);

var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, string>();
 
var value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 1");
Console.WriteLine(value);
 
value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 2");
Console.WriteLine(value);

item 1
item 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, int>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                });
            });

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 13

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, Lazy<int>>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k => new Lazy<int>(() =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                }));
            });

            // Access the dictionary values to create lazy values.
            foreach (var pair in dictionary)
                Console.WriteLine(pair.Value.Value);

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 10

    public class LazyConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>
    {
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>> _concurrentDictionary;
        public LazyConcurrentDictionary()
        {
            _concurrentDictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>>();
        }

        public TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory)
        {
            var lazyResult = _concurrentDictionary.GetOrAdd(key,
             k => new Lazy<TValue>(() => valueFactory(k), LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication));
            return lazyResult.Value;
        }
    }