The State of Developer Ecosystem in 2018
In the beginning of 2018 we surveyed 6,000 developers to identify the State of Developer Ecosystem. 

Application Pools in IIS can be somewhat of a mystery. Since they’re created for you automatically many times Administrators don’t give them a second thought. But understanding application pools is crucial to having a good running IIS server. 

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Samples -Pre

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses
{
  public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser<int, CustomUserLogin, CustomUserRole, CustomUserClaim>
  {
   // سایر خواص اضافی در اینجا
 
   [ForeignKey("AddressId")]
   public virtual Address Address { get; set; }
   public int? AddressId { get; set; }
  }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses
{
  public class Address
  {
   public int Id { get; set; }
   public string City { get; set; }
   public string State { get; set; }
 
   public virtual ICollection<ApplicationUser> ApplicationUsers { set; get; }
  }
}

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses
{
  public class CustomRole : IdentityRole<int, CustomUserRole>
  {
   public CustomRole() { }
   public CustomRole(string name) { Name = name; }
 
 
  }
}

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses
{
  public class CustomUserClaim : IdentityUserClaim<int>
  {
 
  }
}

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses
{
  public class CustomUserLogin : IdentityUserLogin<int>
  {
 
  }
}

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses
{
  public class CustomUserRole : IdentityUserRole<int>
  {
 
  }
}

 public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser>

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DataLayer.Context
{
  public interface IUnitOfWork
  {
   IDbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;
   int SaveAllChanges();
   void MarkAsChanged<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
   IList<T> GetRows<T>(string sql, params object[] parameters) where T : class;
   IEnumerable<TEntity> AddThisRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class;
   void ForceDatabaseInitialize();
  }
}

public class ApplicationDbContext :
  IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, CustomRole, int, CustomUserLogin, CustomUserRole, CustomUserClaim>,
  IUnitOfWork
{
  public DbSet<Category> Categories { set; get; }
  public DbSet<Product> Products { set; get; }
  public DbSet<Address> Addresses { set; get; }

 public class ApplicationDbInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<ApplicationDbContext>

using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DataLayer.Context
{
  public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<ApplicationDbContext>
  {
   public Configuration()
   {
    AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
    AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
   }
  }
}

using System;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer.Contracts;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.DataProtection;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer
{
  public class ApplicationUserManager
   : UserManager<ApplicationUser, int>, IApplicationUserManager
  {
   private readonly IDataProtectionProvider _dataProtectionProvider;
   private readonly IIdentityMessageService _emailService;
   private readonly IApplicationRoleManager _roleManager;
   private readonly IIdentityMessageService _smsService;
   private readonly IUserStore<ApplicationUser, int> _store;
 
   public ApplicationUserManager(IUserStore<ApplicationUser, int> store,
    IApplicationRoleManager roleManager,
    IDataProtectionProvider dataProtectionProvider,
    IIdentityMessageService smsService,
    IIdentityMessageService emailService)
    : base(store)
   {
    _store = store;
    _roleManager = roleManager;
    _dataProtectionProvider = dataProtectionProvider;
    _smsService = smsService;
    _emailService = emailService;
 
    createApplicationUserManager();
   }
 
 
   public void SeedDatabase()
   {
   }
 
   private void createApplicationUserManager()
   {
    // Configure validation logic for usernames
    this.UserValidator = new UserValidator<ApplicationUser, int>(this)
    {
      AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
      RequireUniqueEmail = true
    };
 
    // Configure validation logic for passwords
    this.PasswordValidator = new PasswordValidator
    {
      RequiredLength = 6,
      RequireNonLetterOrDigit = true,
      RequireDigit = true,
      RequireLowercase = true,
      RequireUppercase = true,
    };
 
    // Configure user lockout defaults
    this.UserLockoutEnabledByDefault = true;
    this.DefaultAccountLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
    this.MaxFailedAccessAttemptsBeforeLockout = 5;
 
    // Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying the user
    // You can write your own provider and plug in here.
    this.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser, int>
    {
      MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
    });
    this.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser, int>
    {
      Subject = "SecurityCode",
      BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
    });
    this.EmailService = _emailService;
    this.SmsService = _smsService;
 
    if (_dataProtectionProvider != null)
    {
      var dataProtector = _dataProtectionProvider.Create("ASP.NET Identity");
      this.UserTokenProvider = new DataProtectorTokenProvider<ApplicationUser, int>(dataProtector);
    }
   } 
  }
}

using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer.Contracts;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer
{
  public class ApplicationSignInManager :
   SignInManager<ApplicationUser, int>, IApplicationSignInManager
  {
   private readonly ApplicationUserManager _userManager;
   private readonly IAuthenticationManager _authenticationManager;
 
   public ApplicationSignInManager(ApplicationUserManager userManager,
              IAuthenticationManager authenticationManager) :
    base(userManager, authenticationManager)
   {
    _userManager = userManager;
    _authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
   }
  }
}

using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer.Contracts;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer
{
  public class ApplicationRoleManager : RoleManager<CustomRole, int>, IApplicationRoleManager
  {
   private readonly IRoleStore<CustomRole, int> _roleStore;
   public ApplicationRoleManager(IRoleStore<CustomRole, int> roleStore)
    : base(roleStore)
   {
    _roleStore = roleStore;
   }
 
 
   public CustomRole FindRoleByName(string roleName)
   {
    return this.FindByName(roleName); // RoleManagerExtensions
   }
 
   public IdentityResult CreateRole(CustomRole role)
   {
    return this.Create(role); // RoleManagerExtensions
   }
  }
}

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DataLayer.Context;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DomainClasses;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer.Contracts;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
using StructureMap;
using StructureMap.Web;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.IocConfig
{
  public static class SmObjectFactory
  {
   private static readonly Lazy<Container> _containerBuilder =
    new Lazy<Container>(defaultContainer, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);
 
   public static IContainer Container
   {
    get { return _containerBuilder.Value; }
   }
 
   private static Container defaultContainer()
   {
    return new Container(ioc =>
    {
      ioc.For<IUnitOfWork>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use<ApplicationDbContext>();
 
      ioc.For<ApplicationDbContext>().HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped().Use<ApplicationDbContext>();
      ioc.For<DbContext>().HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped().Use<ApplicationDbContext>();
 
      ioc.For<IUserStore<ApplicationUser, int>>()
       .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
       .Use<UserStore<ApplicationUser, CustomRole, int, CustomUserLogin, CustomUserRole, CustomUserClaim>>();
 
      ioc.For<IRoleStore<CustomRole, int>>()
       .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
       .Use<RoleStore<CustomRole, int, CustomUserRole>>();
 
      ioc.For<IAuthenticationManager>()
        .Use(() => HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().Authentication);
 
      ioc.For<IApplicationSignInManager>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use<ApplicationSignInManager>();
 
      ioc.For<IApplicationUserManager>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use<ApplicationUserManager>();
 
      ioc.For<IApplicationRoleManager>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use<ApplicationRoleManager>();
 
      ioc.For<IIdentityMessageService>().Use<SmsService>();
      ioc.For<IIdentityMessageService>().Use<EmailService>();
      ioc.For<ICustomRoleStore>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use<CustomRoleStore>();
 
      ioc.For<ICustomUserStore>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use<CustomUserStore>();
 
      //config.For<IDataProtectionProvider>().Use(()=> app.GetDataProtectionProvider()); // In Startup class
 
      ioc.For<ICategoryService>().Use<EfCategoryService>();
      ioc.For<IProductService>().Use<EfProductService>();
    });
   }
  }
}

using System;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.IocConfig;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.ServiceLayer.Contracts;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.DataProtection;
using Owin;
using StructureMap.Web;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample
{
  public class Startup
  {
   public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
   {
    configureAuth(app);
   }
 
   private static void configureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
   {
    SmObjectFactory.Container.Configure(config =>
    {
      config.For<IDataProtectionProvider>()
        .HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()
        .Use(()=> app.GetDataProtectionProvider());
    });
    SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<IApplicationUserManager>().SeedDatabase();
 
    // Configure the db context, user manager and role manager to use a single instance per request
    app.CreatePerOwinContext(() => SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<IApplicationUserManager>());
 
    // Enable the application to use a cookie to store information for the signed in user
    // and to use a cookie to temporarily store information about a user logging in with a third party login provider
    // Configure the sign in cookie
    app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
    {
      AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
      LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),
      Provider = new CookieAuthenticationProvider
      {
       // Enables the application to validate the security stamp when the user logs in.
       // This is a security feature which is used when you change a password or add an external login to your account.
       OnValidateIdentity = SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<IApplicationUserManager>().OnValidateIdentity()
      }
    });
    app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);
 
    // Enables the application to temporarily store user information when they are verifying the second factor in the two-factor authentication process.
    app.UseTwoFactorSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));
 
    // Enables the application to remember the second login verification factor such as phone or email.
    // Once you check this option, your second step of verification during the login process will be remembered on the device where you logged in from.
    // This is similar to the RememberMe option when you log in.
    app.UseTwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie); 
   }
 
  }
}

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.Routing;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.DataLayer.Context;
using AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample.IocConfig;
using StructureMap.Web.Pipeline;
 
namespace AspNetIdentityDependencyInjectionSample
{
  public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication
  {
   protected void Application_Start()
   {
    AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
    FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
    RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
    BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
 
 
    setDbInitializer();
    //Set current Controller factory as StructureMapControllerFactory
    ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new StructureMapControllerFactory());
   }
 
   protected void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
   {
    HttpContextLifecycle.DisposeAndClearAll();
   }
 
   public class StructureMapControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory
   {
    protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType)
    {
      if (controllerType == null)
       throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Page not found: {0}", requestContext.HttpContext.Request.RawUrl));
      return SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance(controllerType) as Controller;
    }
   }
 
   private static void setDbInitializer()
   {
    Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<ApplicationDbContext, Configuration>());
    SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<IUnitOfWork>().ForceDatabaseInitialize();
   }
  }
}

  [Authorize]
public class AccountController : Controller
{
  private readonly IAuthenticationManager _authenticationManager;
  private readonly IApplicationSignInManager _signInManager;
  private readonly IApplicationUserManager _userManager;
  public AccountController(IApplicationUserManager userManager,
          IApplicationSignInManager signInManager,
          IAuthenticationManager authenticationManager)
  {
   _userManager = userManager;
   _signInManager = signInManager;
   _authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
  }

  [Authorize]
public class ManageController : Controller
{
  // Used for XSRF protection when adding external logins
  private const string XsrfKey = "XsrfId";
 
  private readonly IAuthenticationManager _authenticationManager;
  private readonly IApplicationUserManager _userManager;
  public ManageController(IApplicationUserManager userManager, IAuthenticationManager authenticationManager)
  {
   _userManager = userManager;
   _authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
  }

  [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public class RolesAdminController : Controller
{
  private readonly IApplicationRoleManager _roleManager;
  private readonly IApplicationUserManager _userManager;
  public RolesAdminController(IApplicationUserManager userManager,
           IApplicationRoleManager roleManager)
  {
   _userManager = userManager;
   _roleManager = roleManager;
  }


  [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public class UsersAdminController : Controller
{
  private readonly IApplicationRoleManager _roleManager;
  private readonly IApplicationUserManager _userManager;
  public UsersAdminController(IApplicationUserManager userManager,
           IApplicationRoleManager roleManager)
  {
   _userManager = userManager;
   _roleManager = roleManager;
  }

- The OmniSharp server has been updated to Roslyn 2.3.0, which adds support for C# 7.1
- Update debugger to run itself on .NET Core 2.0-preview2 (target app can still use .NET Core 1.x).  

Here’s a look at a handful of the changes since our last alpha:

• Overhauled spacing utilities to use a numerical tiering (to avoid confusion with grid tiers).
• Continued refactoring efforts to replace markup-specific selectors with classes across several components (including pagination, lists, and more). Still more to do here with additional components.
• Reverted media queries and grid containers from rems to pixels as viewports are not affected by font-size. See #17403 for details. We’ve got a ton of grid work left, too. Feel free to follow along with#18471.
• Reverted .0625rem width borders to 1px for more consistent component borders that avoid zoom and font-size bugs across browsers.
• Renamed .img-responsive to .img-fluid to avoid future confusion on the various responsive image solutions out there.
• Replaced ZeroClipboard with clipboard.js for Flash-independent copy buttons.
• Inputs and buttons now share the same border variable to ensure components are always sized similarly.
• Updated all pseudo-element selectors to use the spec’s preferred double colon (e.g., ::before as opposed to :before).
• Cards now have outline variants and mixins to support extending base classes further.
• Utility classes for floats and text alignment now have responsive ranges. This means we’ve dropped the non-responsive classes to avoid duplication.
• Added support for jQuery 2.
• And hundreds more Sass improvements, bug fixes, documentation updates, and more. 

Online tool to help designers build color palettes with combinations that conform with accessibility standards