using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication28.Helpers
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = true)]
    public sealed class SiteAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                throw new UnauthorizedAccessException(); //to avoid multiple redirects
            }
            else
            {
                handleAjaxRequest(filterContext);
                base.HandleUnauthorizedRequest(filterContext);
            }
        }

        private static void handleAjaxRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            var ctx = filterContext.HttpContext;
            if (!ctx.Request.IsAjaxRequest())
                return;

            ctx.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Forbidden;
            ctx.Response.End();
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication28.Helpers;

namespace MvcApplication28.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [SiteAuthorize]
        [HttpPost]        
        public ActionResult SaveData(string data)
        {
            if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data))
                return Content("NOk!");

            return Content("Ok!");
        }
    }
}

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    var postUrl = this.Url.Action(actionName: "SaveData", controllerName: "Home");
}
<h2>
    Index</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "SaveData", controllerName: "Home",
                method: FormMethod.Post, htmlAttributes: new { id = "form1" }))
{
    @Html.TextBox(name: "data")
    <br />
    <span id="btnSave">Save Data</span>
}
@section Scripts
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $("#btnSave").click(function (event) {
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "@postUrl",
                    data: $("#form1").serialize(),
                    // controller is returning a simple text, not json  
                    complete: function (xhr, status) {
                        var data = xhr.responseText;
                        if (xhr.status == 403) {
                            window.location = "/login";
                        }
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
}

filterContext.Result =  new JavaScriptResult { Script="window.location = '" + redirectToUrl + "'"};