public class Rectangle
{
    public int Length { get; set; }
    public int Height { get; set; }

    public void Grow(int length, int height)
    {
        Length += length;
        Height += height;
    }
}

Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
r.Length = 5;
r.Height = 10;
r.Grow(10, 10);// r.Length is 15, r.Height is 20, same instance of r

// After
public class ImmutableRectangle
{
    int Length { get; }
    int Height { get; }

    public ImmutableRectangle(int length, int height)
    {
        Length = length;
        Height = height;
    }

    public ImmutableRectangle Grow(int length, int height) =>
          new ImmutableRectangle(Length + length, Height + height);
}

ImmutableRectangle r = new ImmutableRectangle(5, 10);
r = r.Grow(10, 10);// r.Length is 15, r.Height is 20, is a new instance of r

public static void Main()
{
    Console.WriteLine(GetSalutation(DateTime.Now.Hour));
}

// imparitive, mutates state to produce a result
/*public static string GetSalutation(int hour)
{
    string salutation; // placeholder value

    if (hour < 12)
        salutation = "Good Morning";
    else
        salutation = "Good Afternoon";

    return salutation; // return mutated variable
}*/

public static string GetSalutation(int hour) => hour < 12 ? "Good Morning" : "Good Afternoon";

public static int Count<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate)
{
    int count = 0;

    foreach (TSource element in source)
    {
        checked
        {
            if (predicate(element))
            {
                count++;
            }
        }
    }

    return count;
}

public static class Extensions
{
    public static Func<T, TReturn2> Compose<T, TReturn1, TReturn2>(this Func<TReturn1, TReturn2> func1, Func<T, TReturn1> func2)
    {
        return x => func1(func2(x));
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x;
        Func<int, int> negate = x => x * -1;
        Func<int, string> toString = s => s.ToString();
        Func<int, string> squareNegateThenToString = toString.Compose(negate).Compose(square);
        Console.WriteLine(squareNegateThenToString(2));
    }
}

string str = new StringBuilder()
  .Append("Hello ")
  .Append("World ")
  .ToString()
  .TrimEnd()
  .ToUpper();

public static class Extensions
{
    public static StringBuilder AppendWhen(this StringBuilder sb, string value, bool predicate) => predicate ? sb.Append(value) : sb;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Extends the StringBuilder class to accept a predicate
        string htmlButton = new StringBuilder().Append("<button").AppendWhen(" disabled", false).Append(">Click me</button>").ToString();
    }
}

public static void Main()
{
    int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

    foreach (int n in GreaterThan(a, 3))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}


/*public static IEnumerable<int> GreaterThan(int[] arr, int gt)
{
    List<int> temp = new List<int>();
    foreach (int n in arr)
    {
        if (n > gt) temp.Add(n);
    }
    return temp;
}*/

public static IEnumerable<int> GreaterThan(int[] arr, int gt)
{
    foreach (int n in arr)
    {
        if (n > gt) yield return n;
    }
}

List<int> collection = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

// Imparative style of programming is verbose
List<int> results = new List<int>();

foreach(var num in collection)
{
  if (num % 2 != 0) results.Add(num);
}

// Declarative is terse and beautiful
var results = collection.Where(num => num % 2 != 0);

• enabled: آیا این هندلر فعال باشد یا خیر.
• message: پیامی که باید به عنوان تگ درج شود.
• color: رنگ متن که به طور پیش فرض قرمز رنگ است.

<div class="form-group">
    <label>First Name</label>
    <input #firstName required type="text" class="form-control" name="firstName" [(ngModel)]="model.firstName">
</div>

<h3>Classes</h3>
<h4>{{ firstName.className }}</h4>

<div class="form-group">
    <label>First Name</label>
    <input #firstName="ngModel" required type="text" class="form-control" name="firstName" [(ngModel)]="model.firstName">
</div>

<h4>dirty: {{ firstName.dirty }}</h4>

<div class="form-group">
    <label>First Name</label>
    <input #firstName="ngModel" #firstNameElement required type="text" class="form-control" 
              name="firstName" [(ngModel)]="model.firstName">
    <div *ngIf="firstName.invalid && firstName.touched" class="alert alert-danger">
        First Name is required.
    </div>      
</div>

<h4>className: {{ firstNameElement.className }}</h4>
<h4>dirty: {{ firstName.dirty }}</h4>
<h4>invalid: {{ firstName.invalid }}</h4>

<div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="firstName.invalid && firstName.touched">
   <label class="control-label">First Name</label>

.ng-touched.ng-invalid{
    border: 1px solid red;
}

<input #firstName="ngModel" #firstNameElement 
required maxlength="3" minlength="2" pattern="^V.*"
type="text" class="form-control" name="firstName" [(ngModel)]="model.firstName">

    <div *ngIf="firstName.invalid && firstName.touched" class="alert alert-danger">
        First Name is required.
    </div>

    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="firstName.invalid && firstName.touched">
      <label class="control-label">First Name</label>
      <input #firstName="ngModel" #firstNameElement 
             required maxlength="3" minlength="2" pattern="^V.*"
             type="text" class="form-control" name="firstName" [(ngModel)]="model.firstName">
      <div *ngIf="firstName.invalid && firstName.touched">
        <div class="alert alert-info">
           errors: {{ firstName.errors | json }}
        </div> 
        <div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="firstName.errors.required">
           Name is required.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="firstName.errors.minlength">
           Name should be minimum {{firstName.errors.minlength.requiredLength}} characters.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="firstName.errors.maxlength">
           Name should be max {{firstName.errors.maxlength.requiredLength}} characters.
        </div>
        <div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="firstName.errors.pattern">
           Name pattern: {{firstName.errors.pattern.requiredPattern}}
        </div>
      </div>      
    </div>

<option value="default">Select a Language...</option>

    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="hasPrimaryLanguageError">
      <label class="control-label">Primary Language</label>
      <select class="form-control" name="primaryLanguage" 
                #primaryLanguage
                (blur)="validatePrimaryLanguage(primaryLanguage.value)"
                (change)="validatePrimaryLanguage(primaryLanguage.value)"
                [(ngModel)]="model.primaryLanguage">
          <option value="default">Select a Language...</option>
          <option *ngFor="let lang of languages">
            {{ lang }}
          </option>
      </select>
    </div>

export class EmployeeRegisterComponent {
  hasPrimaryLanguageError = false;

  validatePrimaryLanguage(value) {
    if (value === 'default'){
      this.hasPrimaryLanguageError = true;
      }
    else{
      this.hasPrimaryLanguageError = false;
      }
  }
}

<form #form="ngForm" novalidate>

<h3> form.valid: {{ form.valid }}</h3>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit"
            [disabled]="form.invalid">Ok</button>

    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class TypeaheadController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> SearchCountries(string term)
        {
            await Task.Delay(1000); // simulating a slow operation

            var items = new[]
                {
                     "Afghanistan",
                     "Albania",
                     "Algeria",
                     "American Samoa",
                     "Andorra",
                     "Angola",
                     "Anguilla",
                     "Antarctica",
                     "Antigua and/or Barbuda"
                };
            var results = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(term) ? items :
                           items.Where(item => item.StartsWith(term, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
            return Json(results.ToArray());
        }
    }

import { HttpClient, HttpErrorResponse } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";
import { ErrorObservable } from "rxjs/observable/ErrorObservable";
import { catchError, map } from "rxjs/operators";

@Injectable()
export class SearchService {

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  searchCountries(term: string): Observable<string[]> {
    return this.http
      .get(`/api/Typeahead/SearchCountries?term=${encodeURIComponent(term)}`)
      .pipe(
        map(response => response || {}),
        catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => ErrorObservable.create(error))
      );
  }
}

<label>Country: </label>
<input type="text" (input)="onSearch1Change($event.target.value)" />
<ul class="list-group">
   <li class="list-group-item" *ngFor="let country of countries1">
        {{country}}
   </li>
</ul>

onSearch1Change(value: string) {
 
}

 constructor(private searchService: SearchService) { }

export class AutocompleteSampleComponent implements OnInit {

  countries1: string[] = [];
  private model1Changed: Subject<string> = new Subject<string>();
  private dueTime = 300;

  constructor(private searchService: SearchService) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.model1Changed
      .pipe(
        debounceTime(this.dueTime),
        distinctUntilChanged(),
        flatMap(inputValue => {
          console.log("debounced input value1", inputValue);
          return this.searchService.searchCountries(inputValue);
        })
      )
      .subscribe(countries => {
        this.countries1 = countries;
      });
  }

  onSearch1Change(value: string) {
    this.model1Changed.next(value);
  }
}

// A1: Request for `ABC`
// A2: Response for `ABC`
// B1: Request for `ABCX`
// B2: Response for `ABCX`
--A1----------A2-->
------B1--B2------>

module MyModule1 {
    module  MyModule2 {
     }
}

module Utilities {
   export class Logger {
      log(message: string): void{
       if(typeofwindow.console !== 'undefined') {
           window.console.log(message);
        }
      }
   }    
}

window.onload = function() {
  varlogger = new Utilities.Logger();
  logger.log('Logger is loaded'); 
};

export class Logger{
constructor(private num: number) { 
}

pad(num: number, len: number= 2, char: string= '0')

function addManyNumbers(...numbers: number[]) {
  var sum = 0;
  for(var i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
    sum += numbers[i];
 }
  returnsum;
}
var result = addManyNumbers(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9);

module Utilities {
    Export class Logger {  
     log(message: string): void{
                 if(typeofwindow.console !== 'undefined') {   
                    window.console.log(this.getTimeStamp() + ' -'+ message);
                    window.console.log(this.getTimeStamp() + ' -'+ message); 
                }
        }
  private getTimeStamp(): string{
      var now = newDate();
      return now.getHours() + ':'+
      now.getMinutes() + ':'+
      now.getSeconds() + ':'+
      now.getMilliseconds();
  }
 }
}

classFormatter {
static pad(num: number, len: number, char: string): string{
      var output = num.toString();
         while(output.length < len) {
         output = char + output;
      }
   returnoutput;
   }
  }
}

Formatter.pad(now.getSeconds(), 2, '0') +

static pad(num: number, len?: number, char?: string);
static pad(num: string, len?: number, char?: string);
static pad(num: any, len: number= 2, char: string= '0') {
 var output = num.toString();
 while(output.length < len) {
 output = char + output;
 }
 returnoutput;
}

Bootstrap 4 در واقع یک اقدام بزرگ بود که پس از یک سال توسعه، بزرگی این اقدام در خط به خط کدها احساس می‌گردد. تصمیم گرفتیم تا نسخه‌ی اولیه‌ی آن را به اشتراک بگذاریم و انتقادات و پیشنهادات شما را بشنویم. برای بهبود و پیشرفت در این زمینه، بسیاری از اخبار مرتبط را در اختیار شما قرار می‌دهیم. امیدواریم که ما را در بهتر شدن یاری کنید.

امکانات جدید Bootstrap

انتقال از Less به Sass

بهبود grid system مبتنی بر "rems"

h1 { /* 16 * 2.5 = 40px */
}

تغییر panel و wells به cards

function ScopeTest() {
    if (true) {
        var foo = 'use anywhere';
        let bar = 'use in this block';
    }
    console.log(foo); // works!
    console.log(bar); // error!
}

let isDone: boolean = false;

let decimal: number = 6;
let hex: number = 0xf00d;
let binary: number = 0b1010;
let octal: number = 0o744;

let name: string = "bob";
name = 'smith';

let list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];

enum Color {Red, Green, Blue};
let c: Color = Color.Green;

let notSure: any = 4;
notSure = "maybe a string instead";
notSure = false; // okay, definitely a boolean

 function warnUser(): void {
        alert("This is my warning message");
}

let myString= 'this is a string';
myString= 42; // error!

function ReturnNumber() {
   return 42;
}
let anotherString = 'this is also a string';
anotherString = ReturnNumber(); // error!

 enum Category { Biography, Poetry, Fiction }; // 0, 1, 2

 enum Category { Biography = 1, Poetry, Fiction }; // 1, 2, 3

 enum Category{ Biography = 5, Poetry = 8, Fiction = 9 }; // 5, 8, 9

 let favoriteCategory: Category = Category.Biography;

 console.log(favoriteCategory); // 5

let categoryString= Category[favoriteCategory]; // Biography

let strArray1: string[] = ['here', 'are', 'strings'];

let strArray2: Array<string> = ['more', 'strings', 'here'];

let anyArray: any[] = [42, true, 'banana'];

 let myTuple: [number, string] = [25, 'truck'];

 let firstElement= myTuple[0]; // 25
let secondElement= myTuple[1]; // truck

 // other elements can have numbers or strings
myTuple[2] = 100;
myTuple[2] = 'this works!';

 let someValue: any = "this is a string";
let strLength: number = (<string>someValue).length;

 let someValue: any = "this is a string";
let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length;