[Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class TypeaheadController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> SearchCountries(string term)
        {
            await Task.Delay(1000); // simulating a slow operation

            var items = new[]
                {
                     "Afghanistan",
                     "Albania",
                     "Algeria",
                     "American Samoa",
                     "Andorra",
                     "Angola",
                     "Anguilla",
                     "Antarctica",
                     "Antigua and/or Barbuda"
                };
            var results = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(term) ? items :
                           items.Where(item => item.StartsWith(term, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
            return Json(results.ToArray());
        }
    }

import { HttpClient, HttpErrorResponse } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";
import { ErrorObservable } from "rxjs/observable/ErrorObservable";
import { catchError, map } from "rxjs/operators";

@Injectable()
export class SearchService {

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  searchCountries(term: string): Observable<string[]> {
    return this.http
      .get(`/api/Typeahead/SearchCountries?term=${encodeURIComponent(term)}`)
      .pipe(
        map(response => response || {}),
        catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => ErrorObservable.create(error))
      );
  }
}

<label>Country: </label>
<input type="text" (input)="onSearch1Change($event.target.value)" />
<ul class="list-group">
   <li class="list-group-item" *ngFor="let country of countries1">
        {{country}}
   </li>
</ul>

onSearch1Change(value: string) {
 
}

 constructor(private searchService: SearchService) { }

export class AutocompleteSampleComponent implements OnInit {

  countries1: string[] = [];
  private model1Changed: Subject<string> = new Subject<string>();
  private dueTime = 300;

  constructor(private searchService: SearchService) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.model1Changed
      .pipe(
        debounceTime(this.dueTime),
        distinctUntilChanged(),
        flatMap(inputValue => {
          console.log("debounced input value1", inputValue);
          return this.searchService.searchCountries(inputValue);
        })
      )
      .subscribe(countries => {
        this.countries1 = countries;
      });
  }

  onSearch1Change(value: string) {
    this.model1Changed.next(value);
  }
}

// A1: Request for `ABC`
// A2: Response for `ABC`
// B1: Request for `ABCX`
// B2: Response for `ABCX`
--A1----------A2-->
------B1--B2------>

public class TravelAgent
{
    public TravelAgent()
    {
        this.Bookings = new HashSet<Booking>();
    }

    public int AgentId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
}

public class Booking
{
    public int BookingId { get; set; }
    public int AgentId { get; set; }
    public string Customer { get; set; }
    public DateTime BookingDate { get; set; }
    public bool Paid { get; set; }
    public virtual TravelAgent TravelAgent { get; set; }
}

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="Recipe3ConnectionString"
    connectionString="Data Source=.;
    Initial Catalog=EFRecipes;
    Integrated Security=True;
    MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
    providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

protected void Application_Start()
{
    // Disable Entity Framework Model Compatibilty
    Database.SetInitializer<Recipe1Context>(null);

    // The bidirectional navigation properties between related entities
    // create a self-referencing loop that breaks Web API's effort to
    // serialize the objects as JSON. By default, Json.NET is configured
    // to error when a reference loop is detected. To resolve problem,
    // simply configure JSON serializer to ignore self-referencing loops.
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter
        .SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling =
        Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;
    ...
}

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
      name: "ActionMethodSave",
      routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
      defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });
}

internal class Program
{
    private HttpClient _client;
    private TravelAgent _agent1, _agent2;
    private Booking _booking1, _booking2, _booking3;
    private HttpResponseMessage _response;

    private static void Main()
    {
        Task t = Run();
        t.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine("\nPress <enter> to continue...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static async Task Run()
    {
        var program = new Program();
        program.ServiceSetup();
        // do not proceed until clean-up is completed
        await program.CleanupAsync();
        program.CreateFirstAgent();
        // do not proceed until agent is created
        await program.AddAgentAsync();
        program.CreateSecondAgent();
        // do not proceed until agent is created
        await program.AddSecondAgentAsync();
        program.ModifyAgent();
        // do not proceed until agent is updated
        await program.UpdateAgentAsync();
        // do not proceed until agents are fetched
        await program.FetchAgentsAsync();
    }

    private void ServiceSetup()
    {
        // set up infrastructure for Web API call
        _client = new HttpClient {BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:6687/")};
        // add Accept Header to request Web API content negotiation to return resource in JSON format
        _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
    }

    private async Task CleanupAsync()
    {
        // call cleanup method in service
        _response = await _client.DeleteAsync("api/travelagent/cleanup/");
    }

    private void CreateFirstAgent()
    {
        // create new Travel Agent and booking
        _agent1 = new TravelAgent {Name = "John Tate"};
        _booking1 = new Booking
        {
            Customer = "Karen Stevens",
            Paid = false,
            BookingDate = DateTime.Parse("2/2/2010")
        };

        _booking2 = new Booking
        {
            Customer = "Dolly Parton",
            Paid = true,
            BookingDate = DateTime.Parse("3/10/2010")
        };
  
        _agent1.Bookings.Add(_booking1);
        _agent1.Bookings.Add(_booking2);
    }

    private async Task AddAgentAsync()
    {
        // call generic update method in Web API service to add agent and bookings
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/travelagent/update/",
            _agent1, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for each entity
            _agent1 = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<TravelAgent>();
            _booking1 = _agent1.Bookings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Customer == "Karen Stevens");
            _booking2 = _agent1.Bookings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Customer == "Dolly Parton");

            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Travel Agent {0} and {1} Booking(s)",
            _agent1.Name, _agent1.Bookings.Count);
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void CreateSecondAgent()
    {
        // add new agent and booking
        _agent2 = new TravelAgent {Name = "Perry Como"};
        _booking3 = new Booking {
            Customer = "Loretta Lynn",
            Paid = true,
            BookingDate = DateTime.Parse("3/15/2010")};
        _agent2.Bookings.Add(_booking3);
    }

    private async Task AddSecondAgentAsync()
    {
        // call generic update method in Web API service to add agent and booking
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/travelagent/update/", _agent2, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service
            _agent2 = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<TravelAgent>();
            _booking3 = _agent2.Bookings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Customer == "Loretta Lynn");
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Travel Agent {0} and {1} Booking(s)",
                _agent2.Name, _agent2.Bookings.Count);
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void ModifyAgent()
    {
        // modify agent 2 by changing agent name and assigning booking 1 to him from agent 1
        _agent2.Name = "Perry Como, Jr.";
        _agent2.Bookings.Add(_booking1);
    }

    private async Task UpdateAgentAsync()
    {
        // call generic update method in Web API service to update agent 2
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/travelagent/update/", _agent2, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service, which will include Ids
            _agent1 = _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<TravelAgent>().Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully updated Travel Agent {0} and {1} Booking(s)", _agent1.Name, _agent1.Bookings.Count);
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private async Task FetchAgentsAsync()
    {
        // call Get method on service to fetch all Travel Agents and Bookings
        _response = _client.GetAsync("api/travelagent/retrieve").Result;
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service, which will include Ids
            var agents = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<TravelAgent>>();

            foreach (var agent in agents)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Travel Agent {0} has {1} Booking(s)", agent.Name, agent.Bookings.Count());
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }
}

private Tuple<string, string, int> GetPersonInfo()
{
     return new Tuple<string, string, int>("Steve", "Jobs", 56);
}

private IEnumerable<int> GetNumbers()
{
   var result = new List<int>();

   for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
      result.Add(i);

   return result;
}

private IEnumerable<int> GetNumbers()
{
   for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
   {
        yield return i;
   }
}

public interface ICar
{
   string GetName();
   string GetManufacturerCompany();
}

private class GenricClass<T> where T : ICar
{
}

public class Audi : ICar
{
   public string GetName()
   {
      throw new NotImplementedException();
   }

   public string GetManufacturerCompany()
   {
      throw new NotImplementedException();
   }
}

private static void Main(string[] args)
{
   var invalidTest = new GenricClass<int>();
   var validTest = new GenricClass<Audi>();
}

var blogs = from blog in Blogs
   where blog.Name.Contains("Development")
   select blog;

var blogs = from blog in Blogs
   where blog.Name.ComputeHash() == 0
   select blog;

public class Blog
{
   public int BlogId { get; set; }
   public string Url { get; set; }  
}

    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static int ComputeHash(this string str)
        {
            var hash = 0;
            foreach (var ch in str)
            {
                hash += (int)ch;
            }
            return hash;
        }
    }

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
   var blogs = context.Blogs
     .Where(blog => blog.Url.ComputeHash() >= 10)
     .ToList();
   Console.WriteLine(blogs.First().Url);
}

SELECT [blog].[BlogId], [blog].[Url]
   FROM [Blogs] AS [blog]

var idUrls = context.Blogs
   .Select(b => new
   {
      IdUrlString = string.Join(", ", b.BlogId, b.Url),
   }).ToList();

    public class BloggingContext : DbContext
    {
        public BloggingContext()
        { }

        public BloggingContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        { }

        public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            if (!optionsBuilder.IsConfigured)
            {
                optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=Demo.ClientSideEvaluation;Trusted_Connection=True;");
                optionsBuilder.ConfigureWarnings(warnings =>
                {
                    warnings.Log(CoreEventId.IncludeIgnoredWarning);
                    warnings.Log(RelationalEventId.QueryClientEvaluationWarning);
                });
            }
        }
    }

 warn: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query[200500]
The LINQ expression 'where ([blog].Url.ComputeHash() >= 10)' could not be translated and will be evaluated locally.

var idUrls2 = context.Blogs
   .Select(b => new
   {
     IdUrlString = b.BlogId + "," + b.Url
   }).ToList();

SELECT (CAST([b].[BlogId] AS nvarchar(max)) + N',') + [b].[Url] AS [IdUrlString]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]

Environment.NewLine

Console.WriteLine( "NewLine: {0}first line{0}second line{0}third line", Environment.NewLine );

ExceptionDispatchInfo possibleException = null;
try
{
    int.Parse( "a" );
}
catch ( FormatException ex )
{
    possibleException = ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture( ex );
}
possibleException?.Throw();

Debug.Assert(1 == 0, "عدد 1 برابر با 0 نیست");

Debug.WriteIf( 1 == 1, "display message in output window :D" );

Debug.WriteLine("تست تورفتگی");
Debug.Indent();
Debug.WriteLine("یک واحد افزایش داده شد");
Debug.Unindent();
Debug.WriteLine("یک واحد کاهش داده شد");
Debug.WriteLine("پایان تست");

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;


[MemoryDiagnoser(displayGenColumns: false)]
public partial class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args) =>
    BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);

  [Params (10, 10000)]
  public int Size { get; set; }
  private IEnumerable<int> items;

  [GlobalSetup]
  public void Setup()
  {
    items = Enumerable.Range(1, Size).ToArray();
  }  

  [Benchmark]
  public int Min() => items.Min();

  [Benchmark]
  public int Max() => items.Max();

  [Benchmark]
  public double Average() => items.Average();

  [Benchmark]
  public int Sum() => items.Sum();
}

public static int Min(this IEnumerable<int> source)
{
  if (source == null)
  {
    ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.source);
  }

  int value;
  using (IEnumerator<int> e = source.GetEnumerator())
  {
    if (!e.MoveNext())
    {
      ThrowHelper.ThrowNoElementsException();
    }

    value = e.Current;
    while (e.MoveNext())
    {
      int x = e.Current;
      if (x < value)
      {
        value = x;
      }
    }
  }
  return value;
}

public static int Min(this IEnumerable<int> source) => MinInteger(source);

private static T MinInteger<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
  where T : struct, IBinaryInteger<T>
{
  T value;

  if (source.TryGetSpan(out ReadOnlySpan<T> span))
  {
    if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && 
        span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)
    {
      .... // Optimized implementation
      return ....;
    }
  }
  .... //Implementation as in .NET 6
}

if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)

private static T MinInteger<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
where T : struct, IBinaryInteger<T>
{
  .... 
  if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)
  {
    var mins = new Vector<T>(span);
    index = Vector<T>.Count;
    do
    {
      mins = Vector.Min(mins, new Vector<T>(span.Slice(index)));
      index += Vector<T>.Count;
    }
    while (index + Vector<T>.Count <= span.Length);

    value = mins[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < Vector<T>.Count; i++)
    {  
      if (mins[i] < value)
      {
        value = mins[i];
      }
    }
  ....
}