let s = Symbol();

 let s1 = Symbol("some description");

let firstName = Symbol();
 
let person = {
    lastName: "Vahid",
    [firstName]: "N",
};
 
// person.lastName = "Vahid"
// person[firstName] = "N"

 let names = [];
for(var p in person) {
   names.push(p);
}

 var numbers = [1, 2, 3];

 numbers[Symbol.iterator];

 var numbersIterator = numbers[Symbol.iterator]();
numbersIterator.next();
// Result: Object {value: 1, done: false}
numbersIterator.next();
// Result: Object {value: 2, done: false}
numbersIterator.next();
// Result: Object {value: 3, done: false}
numbersIterator.next();
// Result: Object {value: undefined, done: true}

 function Words(str) {
   this._str = str;
}

Words.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function() {
  var re = /\S+/g;
  var str = this._str;
return {
    next: function() {
      var match = re.exec(str);
      if (match) {
        return {value: match[0], done: false};
      }
      return {value: undefined, done: true};
    }
  }
};

 var helloWorld = new Words("Hello world");
for (var word of helloWorld) {
   console.log(word);
}
// Result: "Hello"
// Result: "world"

1. Variables : همین طور که از نام این گزینه بر می‌آید، برای تعریف متغیر‌ها در طول یک فرآیند می‌باشد.
2. Arguments : این گزینه هم مانند قسمت قبل عمل کرده، ولی تفاوت‌هایی باهم دارند. به عنوان مثال در گزینه ۱ می‌توان برای متغیر، محدوده ایجاد کرد. ولی در گزینه 2 هیچگونه محدودیتی وجود ندارد و در تمام  Workflowها می‌توان از آن استفاده کرد و دیگر اینکه در گزینه ۲ می‌توان به متغیر گفت که از نوع ورودی In یا از نوع خروجی Out ویا هر دو  In/Out و یا اینکه از نوع Property باشد.
3. Imports : این قسمت فضا‌های نامی که در برنامه استفاده می شوند، نشان داده می‌شوند .

using System;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }


        public bool IsDeleted { set; get; }
        public DateTime? DeletedAt { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public class Blog : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Post> Posts { set; get; }
    }

    public class BlogConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Blog>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Blog> builder)
        {
            builder.Property(blog => blog.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
            builder.HasIndex(blog => blog.Name).IsUnique();

            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 1, Name = "Blog 1" });
            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 2, Name = "Blog 2" });
            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 3, Name = "Blog 3" });
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public class Post : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }

        public Blog Blog { set; get; }
        public int BlogId { set; get; }
    }

    public class PostConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Post>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Post> builder)
        {
            builder.Property(post => post.Title).HasMaxLength(450);
            builder.HasOne(post => post.Blog).WithMany(blog => blog.Posts).HasForeignKey(post => post.BlogId);

            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 1, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 1" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 2, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 2" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 3, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 3" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 4, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 4" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 5, BlogId = 2, Title = "Post 5" });
        }
    }
}

    public class BlogConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Blog>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Blog> builder)
        {
            // ...
            builder.HasQueryFilter(blog => !blog.IsDeleted);
        }
    }

SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[DeletedAt], [b].[IsDeleted], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
WHERE [b].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public static class GlobalFiltersManager
    {
        public static void ApplySoftDeleteQueryFilters(this ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model
                                                    .GetEntityTypes()
                                                    .Where(eType => typeof(BaseEntity).IsAssignableFrom(eType.ClrType)))
            {
                entityType.addSoftDeleteQueryFilter();
            }
        }

        private static void addSoftDeleteQueryFilter(this IMutableEntityType entityData)
        {
            var methodToCall = typeof(GlobalFiltersManager)
                                .GetMethod(nameof(getSoftDeleteFilter), BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static)
                                .MakeGenericMethod(entityData.ClrType);
            var filter = methodToCall.Invoke(null, new object[] { });
            entityData.SetQueryFilter((LambdaExpression)filter);
        }

        private static LambdaExpression getSoftDeleteFilter<TEntity>() where TEntity : BaseEntity
        {
            return (Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>)(entity => !entity.IsDeleted);
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {

        //...


        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(typeof(BaseEntity).Assembly);
            modelBuilder.ApplySoftDeleteQueryFilters();
        }

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public static class AuditableEntitiesManager
    {
        public static void SetAuditableEntityOnBeforeSaveChanges(this ApplicationDbContext context)
        {
            var now = DateTime.UtcNow;

            foreach (var entry in context.ChangeTracker.Entries<BaseEntity>())
            {
                switch (entry.State)
                {
                    case EntityState.Added:
                        //TODO: ...
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Modified:
                        //TODO: ...
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Deleted:
                        entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged; //NOTE: For soft-deletes to work with the original `Remove` method.

                        entry.Entity.IsDeleted = true;
                        entry.Entity.DeletedAt = now;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var post1 = context.Posts.Find(1);
if (post1 != null)
{
   context.Remove(post1);

   context.SaveChanges();
}

Executing DbCommand [Parameters=[@p2='1', @p0='2020-09-17T05:11:32' (Nullable = true), @p1='True'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p0, [IsDeleted] = @p1
WHERE [Id] = @p2;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        // ...

        public override int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess)
        {
            ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();

            beforeSaveTriggers();

            ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false; // for performance reasons, to avoid calling DetectChanges() again.
            var result = base.SaveChanges(acceptAllChangesOnSuccess);

            ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;
            return result;
        }

        // ...

        private void beforeSaveTriggers()
        {
            setAuditProperties();
        }

        private void setAuditProperties()
        {
            this.SetAuditableEntityOnBeforeSaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

 ar blog1 = context.Blogs.FirstOrDefault(blog => blog.Id == 1);
if (blog1 != null)
{
   context.Remove(blog1);

   context.SaveChanges();
}

var blog1AndItsRelatedPosts = context.Blogs
    .Include(blog => blog.Posts)
    .FirstOrDefault(blog => blog.Id == 1);
if (blog1AndItsRelatedPosts != null)
{
    context.Remove(blog1AndItsRelatedPosts);

    context.SaveChanges();
}

SELECT [t].[Id], [t].[DeletedAt], [t].[IsDeleted], [t].[Name], [t0].[Id], [t0].[BlogId], [t0].[DeletedAt], [t0].[IsDeleted], [t0].[Title]
FROM (
SELECT TOP(1) [b].[Id], [b].[DeletedAt], [b].[IsDeleted], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
WHERE ([b].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)) AND ([b].[Id] = 1)
) AS [t]
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[DeletedAt], [p].[IsDeleted], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)
) AS [t0] ON [t].[Id] = [t0].[BlogId]
ORDER BY [t].[Id], [t0].[Id]

Executing DbCommand [Parameters=[@p2='1', @p0='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p1='True',
 @p5='2', @p3='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p4='True', @p8='3',
@p6='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p7='True',
 @p11='4', @p9='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p10='True'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']

SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Blogs] SET [DeletedAt] = @p0, [IsDeleted] = @p1
WHERE [Id] = @p2;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p3, [IsDeleted] = @p4
WHERE [Id] = @p5;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p6, [IsDeleted] = @p7
WHERE [Id] = @p8;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p9, [IsDeleted] = @p10
WHERE [Id] = @p11;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

function ScopeTest() {
    if (true) {
        var foo = 'use anywhere';
        let bar = 'use in this block';
    }
    console.log(foo); // works!
    console.log(bar); // error!
}

let isDone: boolean = false;

let decimal: number = 6;
let hex: number = 0xf00d;
let binary: number = 0b1010;
let octal: number = 0o744;

let name: string = "bob";
name = 'smith';

let list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];

enum Color {Red, Green, Blue};
let c: Color = Color.Green;

let notSure: any = 4;
notSure = "maybe a string instead";
notSure = false; // okay, definitely a boolean

 function warnUser(): void {
        alert("This is my warning message");
}

let myString= 'this is a string';
myString= 42; // error!

function ReturnNumber() {
   return 42;
}
let anotherString = 'this is also a string';
anotherString = ReturnNumber(); // error!

 enum Category { Biography, Poetry, Fiction }; // 0, 1, 2

 enum Category { Biography = 1, Poetry, Fiction }; // 1, 2, 3

 enum Category{ Biography = 5, Poetry = 8, Fiction = 9 }; // 5, 8, 9

 let favoriteCategory: Category = Category.Biography;

 console.log(favoriteCategory); // 5

let categoryString= Category[favoriteCategory]; // Biography

let strArray1: string[] = ['here', 'are', 'strings'];

let strArray2: Array<string> = ['more', 'strings', 'here'];

let anyArray: any[] = [42, true, 'banana'];

 let myTuple: [number, string] = [25, 'truck'];

 let firstElement= myTuple[0]; // 25
let secondElement= myTuple[1]; // truck

 // other elements can have numbers or strings
myTuple[2] = 100;
myTuple[2] = 'this works!';

 let someValue: any = "this is a string";
let strLength: number = (<string>someValue).length;

 let someValue: any = "this is a string";
let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length;

قدم دوم

بسته‌های نیوگت زیر را نصب کنید:

PM> install-package NUnit
PM> install-package Shouldly
PM> install-package EntityFramework
PM> install-package FakeHttpContext

قدم سوم

نسخه دیتابیس انتخابی برای تست خودکار، LocalDB می باشد. لازم است در ابتدای اجرای تست‌ها دیتابیس مربوط به Integration Test ایجاد شده و بعد از اتمام نیز دیتابیس مورد نظر حذف شود؛ برای این منظور از کلاس TestSetup استفاده خواهیم کرد.

[SetUpFixture]
public class TestSetup
{
    [OneTimeSetUp]
    public void SetUpDatabase()
    {
        DestroyDatabase();
        CreateDatabase();
    }

    [OneTimeTearDown]
    public void TearDownDatabase()
    {
        DestroyDatabase();
    }

   //...
}

با توجه به اینکه کلاس TestSetup با [SetUpFixture] تزئین شده است، Nunit قبل از اجرای تست‌ها سراغ این کلاس آمده و متد SetUpDatebase را به دلیل تزئین شدن با [OneTimeSetUp]، قبل از اجرای تست‌ها و متد TearDownDatabase را بدلیل تزئین شدن با [OneTimeTearDown]  بعد از اجرای تمام تست‌ها، اجرا خواهد کرد.

متد CreateDatabase

private static void CreateDatabase()
{
    ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, string.Format(SqlResource.DatabaseScript, FileName));

    //Use T-Sql Scripts For Create Database
    //ExecuteSqlCommand(MyAppTest, SqlResources.V1_0_0);

    var migration =
        new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<ApplicationDbContext, DataLayer.Migrations.Configuration>();
    migration.InitializeDatabase(new ApplicationDbContext());

}

private static SqlConnectionStringBuilder Master =>
    new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
    {
        DataSource = @"(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB",
        InitialCatalog = "master",
        IntegratedSecurity = true
    };

private static string FileName => Path.Combine(
    Path.GetDirectoryName(
        Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location),
    "MyAppTest.mdf");

برای مدیریت محل ذخیره سازی فایل‌های دیتابیس، ابتدا دستورات ایجاد «دیتابیس تست» را برروی دیتابیس master اجرا می‌کنیم و در ادامه برای ساخت جداول از مکانیزم Migration خود EF استفاده شده است.

لازم است رشته اتصال به این دیتابیس ایجاد شده را در فایل App.config پروژه تست قرار دهید:

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="DefaultConnection" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDb;Initial Catalog=MyAppTest;Integrated Security=True;" />
</connectionStrings>

متد DestroyDatabase 

private static void DestroyDatabase()
{
    var fileNames = ExecuteSqlQuery(Master, SqlResource.SelecDatabaseFileNames,
        row => (string)row["physical_name"]);

    if (!fileNames.Any()) return;

    ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, SqlResource.DetachDatabase);

    fileNames.ForEach(File.Delete);
}

در این متد ابتدا آدرس فایل‌های مرتبط با «دیتابیس تست» واکشی شده و در ادامه دستورات Detach دیتابیس انجام شده و فایل‌های مرتبط حذف خواهند شد. فایل‌های دیتابیس در مسیری شبیه به آدرس نشان داده شده‌ی در شکل زیر ذخیره خواهند شد.

قدم چهارم

برای جلوگیری از تداخل بین تست‌ها لازم است تک تک تست‌ها از هم ایزوله باشند؛ یکی از راه حل‌های موجود، استفاده از تراکنش‌ها می‌باشد. برای این منظور امکان AutoRollback را به صورت خودکار به متدهای تست با استفاده از Attribute زیر اعمال خواهیم کرد:

public class AutoRollbackAttribute : Attribute, ITestAction
{
    private TransactionScope _scope;

    public void BeforeTest(ITest test)
    {
        _scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew,new TransactionOptions {IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.Snapshot});
    }

    public void AfterTest(ITest test)
    {
        _scope?.Dispose();
        _scope = null;
    }

    public ActionTargets Targets => ActionTargets.Test;
}

متدهای BeforTest و AfterTest به ترتیب قبل و بعد از اجرای متدهای تست تزئین شده با این Attribute اجرا خواهند شد. 

در مواقعی هم که به HttpConext نیاز دارید، می‌توانید از کتابخانه FakeHttpContext بهره ببرید. برای این مورد هم میتوان Attributeای را به مانند AutoRollback در نظر گرفت.

public class HttpContextAttribute:Attribute,ITestAction
{
    private FakeHttpContext.FakeHttpContext _httpContext;

    public void BeforeTest(ITest test)
    {
        _httpContext = new FakeHttpContext.FakeHttpContext();

    }

    public void AfterTest(ITest test)
    {
        _httpContext?.Dispose();
        _httpContext = null;
    }

    public ActionTargets Targets => ActionTargets.Test;
}

کاری که FakeHttpContext انجام می‌دهد، مقدار دهی HttpContext.Current با یک پیاده سازی ساختگی می‌باشد.

قدم پنجم

به عنوان مثال اگر بخواهیم برای سرویس «گروه کاربری»، Integration Test بنویسیم، به شکل زیر عمل خواهیم کرد:

namespace MyApp.IntegrationTests.ServiceLayer
{
    [TestFixture]
    [AutoRollback]
    [HttpContext]
    public class RoleServiceTests
    {
        private IRoleApplicationService _roleService;

        [SetUp]
        public void Init()
        {
        }

        [TearDown]
        public void Clean()
        {
        }

        [OneTimeSetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            _roleService = IoC.Resolve<IRoleApplicationService>();

            using (var uow = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                RoleInitialDataBuilder.Build(uow);
            }
        }

        [OneTimeTearDown]
        public void TearDown()
        {
        }

        [Test]
        [TestCase("Role1")]
        public void Should_Create_New_Role(string role)
        {
            var viewModel = new RoleCreateViewModel
            {
                Name = role
            };

            _roleService.Create(viewModel);

            using (var context = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                var user = context.Set<Role>().FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == role);
                user.ShouldNotBeNull();
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_Not_Create_New_Role_With_Admin_Name()
        {
            var viewModel = new RoleCreateViewModel
            {
                Name = "Admin"
            };

            Assert.Throws<DbUpdateException>(() => _roleService.Create(viewModel));
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_AdminRole_Exists()
        {
            using (var context = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                var user = context.Set<Role>().FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == "Admin");
                user.ShouldNotBeNull();
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_Not_Create_New_Role_Without_Name()
        {
            Assert.Throws<ValidationException>(() => _roleService.Create(new RoleCreateViewModel { Name = null }));
        }
    }
}

با این خروجی:

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.ResponseCompression

{
    "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.AspNetCore.ResponseCompression": "1.0.0"
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddResponseCompression(options =>
    {
        options.MimeTypes = Microsoft.AspNetCore.ResponseCompression.ResponseCompressionDefaults.MimeTypes;
    });
}

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.ResponseCompression
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Defaults for the ResponseCompressionMiddleware
    /// </summary>
    public class ResponseCompressionDefaults
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Default MIME types to compress responses for.
        /// </summary>
        // This list is not intended to be exhaustive, it's a baseline for the 90% case.
        public static readonly IEnumerable<string> MimeTypes = new[]
        {
            // General
            "text/plain",
            // Static files
            "text/css",
            "application/javascript",
            // MVC
            "text/html",
            "application/xml",
            "text/xml",
            "application/json",
            "text/json",
        };
    }
}

services.AddResponseCompression(options =>
{
    options.MimeTypes = ResponseCompressionDefaults.MimeTypes.Concat(new[]
                                {
                                    "image/svg+xml",
                                    "application/font-woff2"
                                });
            });

services.AddResponseCompression(options =>
{
  //If no compression providers are specified then GZip is used by default.
  //options.Providers.Add<GzipCompressionProvider>();

services.Configure<GzipCompressionProviderOptions>(options =>
{
  options.Level = System.IO.Compression.CompressionLevel.Optimal;
});

 options.EnableForHttps = true;

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
   app.UseResponseCompression()  // Adds the response compression to the request pipeline
   .UseStaticFiles(); // Adds the static middleware to the request pipeline  
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app,
                      IHostingEnvironment env,
                      ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseResponseCompression()
       .UseStaticFiles(
           new StaticFileOptions
           {
               OnPrepareResponse =
                   _ => _.Context.Response.Headers[HeaderNames.CacheControl] = 
                        "public,max-age=604800" // A week in seconds
           })
       .UseMvc(routes => routes.MapRoute("default", "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"));
}

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Rewrite

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.UseRewriter(new RewriteOptions()
                            .AddRedirectToHttps()
                            .AddRewrite(@"app/(\d+)", "app?id=$1", skipRemainingRules: false) // Rewrite based on a Regular expression
                            //.AddRedirectToHttps(302, 5001) // Redirect to a different port and use HTTPS
                            .AddRedirect("(.*)/$", "$1")  // remove trailing slash, Redirect using a regular expression
                            .AddRedirect(@"^section1/(.*)", "new/$1", (int)HttpStatusCode.Redirect)
                            .AddRedirect(@"^section2/(\\d+)/(.*)", "new/$1/$2", (int)HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently)
                            .AddRewrite("^feed$", "/?format=rss", skipRemainingRules: false));

 app.UseRewriter(new RewriteOptions()
.AddIISUrlRewrite(env.ContentRootFileProvider, "web.config")
.AddApacheModRewrite(env.ContentRootFileProvider, ".htaccess"));

public class RedirectWwwRule : Microsoft.AspNetCore.Rewrite.IRule
{
    public int StatusCode { get; } = (int)HttpStatusCode.MovedPermanently;
    public bool ExcludeLocalhost { get; set; } = true;
    public void ApplyRule(RewriteContext context)
    {
        var request = context.HttpContext.Request;
        var host = request.Host;
        if (host.Host.StartsWith("www", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        {
            context.Result = RuleResult.ContinueRules;
            return;
        }
        if (ExcludeLocalhost && string.Equals(host.Host, "localhost", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        {
            context.Result = RuleResult.ContinueRules;
            return;
        }
        string newPath = request.Scheme + "://www." + host.Value + request.PathBase + request.Path + request.QueryString;
 
        var response = context.HttpContext.Response;
        response.StatusCode = StatusCode;
        response.Headers[HeaderNames.Location] = newPath;
        context.Result = RuleResult.EndResponse; // Do not continue processing the request
    }
}

 app.UseRewriter(new RewriteOptions().Add(new RedirectWwwRule()));

 var options = new RewriteOptions().Add(app.ApplicationServices.GetService<RedirectWwwRule>());

.ContinueWith( t => {...}, TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext())

.ContinueWith( t => {...})