Error Duplicate 'Content' items were included
login():any{
let urlSearchParams = new URLSearchParams();
urlSearchParams.append('username', 'Vahid');
urlSearchParams.append('password', '1234');
urlSearchParams.append('grant_type', 'password');
let body = urlSearchParams.toString();
let headers = new Headers();
headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
return this._http.post('http://localhost:9577/login', body, { headers: headers })
.map(res => res.json());
} username=vahid&password=1234
ApiAdmin(token:any):any{
let headers = new Headers();
headers.append('Authorization', 'bearer ' + token);
return this._http.get('http://localhost:9577/api/MyProtectedApi', { headers: headers })
.map(res => res.json());
} import { Http, Headers, URLSearchParams } from '@angular/http';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";
import "rxjs/Rx";
@Injectable()
export class MemberShipService {
constructor(private _http: Http) { }
ApiAdmin(token: any): any {
let headers = new Headers();
headers.append('Authorization', 'bearer ' + token);
return this._http.get('http://localhost:9577/api/MyProtectedApi', { headers: headers })
.map(res => res.json());
}
login(): any {
let urlSearchParams = new URLSearchParams();
urlSearchParams.append('username', 'Vahid');
urlSearchParams.append('password', '1234');
urlSearchParams.append('grant_type', 'password');
let body = urlSearchParams.toString();
let headers = new Headers();
headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
return this._http.post('http://localhost:9577/login', body, { headers: headers })
.map(res => res.json());
}
} Login(){
this._service.login()
.subscribe(res => {
localStorage.setItem('access_token', res.access_token);
localStorage.setItem('refresh_token', res.refresh_token);
}
, error => console.log(error));
} CallApi()
{
let item = localStorage.getItem("access_token");
if (item == null) {
alert('please Login First.');
return;
}
this._service.ApiAdmin(item)
.subscribe(res => {
alert(res);
}
, error => console.log(error));
} import { CanActivate } from '@angular/router';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable()
export class LoginGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor() { }
canActivate() {
let item = localStorage.getItem('access_token');
if (item == null)
return false;
return true;
}
} { path: 'component-one/:id', component: Component1Component,canActivate:[LoginGuard]} { path: 'component-one/:id', component: Component1Component,canActivate:[LoginGuard,SecondGuard]} import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { CanActivate } from '@angular/router';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable()
export class LoginGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(public router: Router) { }
canActivate() {
let item = localStorage.getItem('access_token');
if (item == null) {
this.router.navigate(['/app']);
return false;
}
return true;
}
} import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { CanActivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot } from '@angular/router';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable()
export class SecondGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(public router: Router) { }
canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot) {
let id = route.params['id'];
if (id == 1) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
} { path: 'component-one/:id', component: Component1Component,canActivate:[LoginGuard,SecondGuard] } | ضروری؟ | نام کلید | مقدار |
| بله | "owin.RequestBody" | یک Stream همراه با request body. اگر body برای request وجود نداشته باشد، Stream.Null به عنوان placeholder قابل استفاده است. |
| بله | "owin.RequestHeaders" | یک دیکشنری به صورت IDictionary<string, string[]> از هدرهای درخواست. |
| بله | "owin.RequestMethod" | رشته‌ایی حاوی نوع فعل متد HTTP مربوط به درخواست (مانند GET and POST ) |
| بله | "owin.RequestPath" | path درخواست شده به صورت string |
| بله | "owin.RequestPathBase" | قسمتی از path درخواست به صورت string |
| بله | "owin.RequestProtocol" | نام و نسخه‌ی پروتکل (مانند HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/1.1 ) |
| بله | "owin.RequestQueryString" | رشته‌ای حاوی query string ؛ بدون علامت ? (مانند foo=bar&baz=quux ) |
| بله | "owin.RequestScheme" | رشته‌ایی حاوی URL scheme استفاده شده در درخواست (مانند HTTP or HTTPS ) |
| ضروری؟ | نام کلید | مقدار |
| بله | "owin.ResponseBody" | یک Stream جهت نوشتن response body در خروجی |
| بله | "owin.ResponseHeaders" | یک دیکشنری به صورت IDictionary<string, string[]> از هدرهای response |
| خیر | "owin.ResponseStatusCode" | یک عدد صحیح حاوی کد وضعیت HTTP response ؛ حالت پیش‌فرض 200 است. |
| خیر | "owin.ResponseReasonPhrase" | یک رشته حاوی reason phrase مربوط به status code ؛ اگر خالی باشد در نتیجه سرور بهتر است آن را مقداردهی کند. |
| خیر | "owin.ResponseProtocol" | یک رشته حاوی نام و نسخه‌ی پروتکل (مانند HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/1.1 )؛ اگر خالی باشد؛ “owin.RequestProtocol” به عنوان مقدار پیش‌فرض در نظر گرفته خواهد شد. |
<package id="Microsoft.Owin" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net461" /> <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net461" /> <package id="Owin" version="1.0" targetFramework="net461" />
using Owin;
namespace SimpleOwinWebApp
{
public class Startup
{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
}
}
} using Owin;
namespace SimpleOwinWebApp
{
public class Startup
{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
await ctx.Response.WriteAsync("Hello");
});
}
} Func<IOwinContext, Func<Task>, Task> handler
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
var response = ctx.Environment["owin.ResponseBody"] as Stream;
using (var writer = new StreamWriter(response))
{
await writer.WriteAsync("Hello");
}
}); 
using System;
using Microsoft.Owin.Hosting;
namespace SimpleOwinConsoleApp
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (WebApp.Start<Startup>("http://localhost:12345"))
{
Console.WriteLine("Listening to port 12345");
Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to end...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
} using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
namespace SimpleOwinCoreApp
{
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
loggerFactory.AddConsole();
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.Run(async (context) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
});
}
}
} using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
namespace SimpleOwinCoreApp.Middlewares
{
public class SimpleMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
public SimpleMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
{
_next = next;
}
public async Task Invoke(HttpContext ctx)
{
// قبل از فراخوانی میان‌افزار بعدی
await ctx.Response.WriteAsync("Hello DNT!");
await _next(ctx);
// بعد از فراخوانی میان‌افزار بعدی
}
}
} app.UseMiddleware<SimpleMiddleware>();
"Microsoft.AspNetCore.Owin": "1.0.0"
app.UseOwin(pipeline =>
{
pipeline(next => new MyKatanaBasedMiddleware(next).Invoke)
}); using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
namespace SimpleOwinAspNetCore.Middleware
{
public class IpBlockerMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
private readonly IpBlockerOptions _options;
public IpBlockerMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IpBlockerOptions options)
{
_next = next;
_options = options;
}
public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
var ipAddress = context.Request.Host.Host;
if (IsBlockedIpAddress(ipAddress))
{
context.Response.StatusCode = 403;
await context.Response.WriteAsync("Forbidden : The server understood the request, but It is refusing to fulfill it.");
return;
}
await _next.Invoke(context);
}
private bool IsBlockedIpAddress(string ipAddress)
{
return _options.Ips.Any(ip => ip == ipAddress);
}
}
} using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace SimpleOwinAspNetCore.Middleware
{
public class IpBlockerOptions
{
public IpBlockerOptions()
{
Ips = new[] { "192.168.1.1" };
}
public IList<string> Ips { get; set; }
}
} using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
namespace SimpleOwinAspNetCore.Middleware
{
public static class IpBlockerExtensions
{
public static IApplicationBuilder UseIpBlocker(this IApplicationBuilder builder, IConfigurationRoot configuration, IpBlockerOptions options = null)
{
return builder.UseMiddleware<IpBlockerMiddleware>(options ?? new IpBlockerOptions
{
Ips = configuration.GetSection("block_list").GetChildren().Select(p => p.Value).ToArray()
});
}
}
} {
"block_list": [
"192.168.1.1",
"localhost",
"127.0.0.1",
"172.16.132.151"
]
} public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }
public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
{
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile("blockedIps.json");
Configuration = builder.Build();
} app.UseIpBlocker(Configuration);
app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();
public static IApplicationBuilder UseMvcWithDefaultRoute(this IApplicationBuilder app)
{
if (app == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("app");
return app.UseMvc((Action<IRouteBuilder>) (routes => routes.MapRoute("default", "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}")));
} [Route("[controller]/[action]")] namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
public class HomeController
{
public string Index()
{
return "Running a POCO controller!";
}
}
} app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
}); using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
public class AboutController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Hello()
{
return Content("Hello from DNT!");
}
public ActionResult SiteName()
{
return Content("DNT");
}
}
} using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
[Route("About")]
public class AboutController : Controller
{
[Route("")]
public ActionResult Hello()
{
return Content("Hello from DNT!");
}
[Route("SiteName")]
public ActionResult SiteName()
{
return Content("DNT");
}
}
} AmbiguousActionException: Multiple actions matched. The following actions matched route data and had all constraints satisfied: Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers.AboutController.Hello (Core1RtmEmptyTest) Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers.AboutController.SiteName (Core1RtmEmptyTest)
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
[Route("[controller]")]
public class AboutController : Controller
{
[Route("")]
public ActionResult Hello()
{
return Content("Hello from DNT!");
}
[Route("[action]")]
public ActionResult SiteName()
{
return Content("DNT");
}
}
} [Route("api/[controller]")] //[Route("/Users/{userid}")]
[Route("Users/{userid}")]
public IActionResult GetUsers(int userId)
{
return Json(new { userId = userId });
} [Route("/Users/{userid:int?}")] [Route("Users/{userid:int}")] [Route("/Users/{userid:int:max(1000):min(10)}")] [Route("/Users/{userid:int}", Name="GetUserById")] string uri = Url.Link("GetUserById", new { userid = 1 }); [Route("/Users/{userid:int}", Name = "GetUserById", Order = 1)] using System;
using System.Globalization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest
{
public class CustomRouteConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
public bool Match(HttpContext httpContext, IRouter route, string routeKey, RouteValueDictionary values,
RouteDirection routeDirection)
{
object value;
if (!values.TryGetValue(routeKey, out value) || value == null)
{
return false;
}
long longValue;
if (value is long)
{
longValue = (long)value;
return longValue != 10;
}
var valueString = Convert.ToString(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
if (long.TryParse(valueString, NumberStyles.Integer,
CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out longValue))
{
return longValue != 10;
}
return false;
}
}
} public class CustomRouteConstraint : IRouteConstraint
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddRouting(options =>options.ConstraintMap.Add("Custom", typeof(CustomRouteConstraint))); [Route("/Users/{userid:int:custom}")] app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
routes.MapRoute(
name: "spa-fallback",
template: "{*url}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
}); 
{
"dependencies": {
//same as before
"Microsoft.AspNetCore.SpaServices": "1.0.0-beta-000007"
}, app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
routes.MapSpaFallbackRoute("spa-fallback", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
}); // Serve wwwroot as root
app.UseFileServer();
// Serve /node_modules as a separate root (for packages that use other npm modules client side)
app.UseFileServer(new FileServerOptions
{
// Set root of file server
FileProvider = new PhysicalFileProvider(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "node_modules")),
// Only react to requests that match this path
RequestPath = "/node_modules",
// Don't expose file system
EnableDirectoryBrowsing = false
}); services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
app.UseAuthentication();
<input dir="ltr" class="form-control input-validation-error" type="email" data-val="true" data-val-email="'آدرس ایمیل' is not a valid email address." data-val-remote="این آدرس ایمیل هم اکنون مورد استفاده‌است" data-val-remote-url="/Home/ValidateUniqueEmail" data-val-required="'آدرس ایمیل' must not be empty." id="Email" name="Email" >
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
public class UserModel
{
[Display(Name = "نام کاربری")]
public string Username { get; set; }
[Display(Name = "سن")]
public int Age { get; set; }
[Display(Name = "سابقه کار")]
public int Experience { get; set; }
[DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)]
[Display(Name = "آدرس ایمیل")]
public string Email { get; set; }
}
} using System.Linq;
namespace FluentValidationSample.Services
{
public interface IUsersService
{
bool IsUniqueEmail(string emailAddress);
}
public class UsersService : IUsersService
{
public bool IsUniqueEmail(string emailAddress)
{
string[] registedEmails = {
"email@site.com",
"test@gmail.com"
};
return !registedEmails.Contains(emailAddress);
}
}
} namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddScoped<IUsersService, UsersService>(); using FluentValidation.Validators;
using FluentValidationSample.Services;
namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
public class UniqueEmailValidator : PropertyValidator
{
private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
public UniqueEmailValidator(IUsersService usersService)
: base("این آدرس ایمیل هم اکنون مورد استفاده‌است")
{
_usersService = usersService;
}
protected override bool IsValid(PropertyValidatorContext context)
{
return context.PropertyValue != null &&
_usersService.IsUniqueEmail((string)context.PropertyValue);
}
}
} using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidationSample.Services;
namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
public static class CustomValidatorExtensions
{
public static IRuleBuilderOptions<T, string> UniqueEmail<T>(
this IRuleBuilder<T, string> ruleBuilder, IUsersService usersService)
{
return ruleBuilder.SetValidator(new UniqueEmailValidator(usersService));
}
}
} 
using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidationSample.Models;
using FluentValidationSample.Services;
namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
public class UserModelValidator : AbstractValidator<UserModel>
{
public UserModelValidator(IUsersService usersService)
{
RuleFor(x => x.Username).NotNull();
RuleFor(x => x.Age).NotNull();
RuleFor(x => x.Experience).LowerThan(nameof(UserModel.Age)).NotNull();
RuleFor(x => x.Email).EmailAddress().NotNull().UniqueEmail(usersService);
}
}
} using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidation.AspNetCore;
using FluentValidation.Internal;
using FluentValidation.Resources;
using FluentValidation.Validators;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding.Validation;
namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
public class RemoteClientValidator : ClientValidatorBase
{
public string RemoteUrl { set; get; }
public RemoteClientValidator(PropertyRule rule, IPropertyValidator validator) :
base(rule, validator)
{
}
public override void AddValidation(ClientModelValidationContext context)
{
MergeAttribute(context.Attributes, "data-val", "true");
MergeAttribute(context.Attributes, "data-val-remote", GetErrorMessage(context));
MergeAttribute(context.Attributes, "data-val-remote-url", RemoteUrl);
}
private string GetErrorMessage(ClientModelValidationContext context)
{
var formatter = ValidatorOptions.MessageFormatterFactory().AppendPropertyName(Rule.GetDisplayName());
string messageTemplate;
try
{
messageTemplate = Validator.Options.ErrorMessageSource.GetString(null);
}
catch (FluentValidationMessageFormatException)
{
messageTemplate = ValidatorOptions.LanguageManager.GetStringForValidator<NotEmptyValidator>();
}
return formatter.BuildMessage(messageTemplate);
}
}
} <input dir="ltr" class="form-control input-validation-error" type="email" data-val="true" data-val-email="'آدرس ایمیل' is not a valid email address." data-val-remote="این آدرس ایمیل هم اکنون مورد استفاده‌است" data-val-remote-url="/Home/ValidateUniqueEmail" data-val-required="'آدرس ایمیل' must not be empty." id="Email" name="Email" >
namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddScoped<IUsersService, UsersService>();
services.AddControllersWithViews().AddFluentValidation(
fv =>
{
fv.RegisterValidatorsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
fv.RegisterValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<RegisterModelValidator>();
fv.RunDefaultMvcValidationAfterFluentValidationExecutes = false;
fv.ConfigureClientsideValidation(clientSideValidation =>
{
// ...
clientSideValidation.Add(
validatorType: typeof(UniqueEmailValidator),
factory: (context, rule, validator) =>
new RemoteClientValidator(rule, validator)
{
RemoteUrl = "/Home/ValidateUniqueEmail"
});
});
}
);
} namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
public HomeController(IUsersService usersService)
{
_usersService = usersService;
}
// ...
public IActionResult ValidateUniqueEmail(string email)
{
return Ok(_usersService.IsUniqueEmail(email));
}
}
} <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="~/lib/jquery-validation/dist/jquery.validate.js"></script> <script src="~/lib/jquery-validation-unobtrusive/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js"></script> <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
A .NET guideline specifies that an application should never throw a NullReferenceException. However, many applications and libraries do. The NullReferenceException is the most common exception happening. That’s why C# 8 tries to get rid of it. With C# 8, reference types are not null be default. This is a big change, and a great feature. However, what about all the legacy code? Can old libraries be used with C# 8 applications, and can C# 7 applications make use of C# 8 libraries?
This article demonstrates how C# 8 allows mixing old and new assemblies.
dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef --version <exact-version>
