1. خصیصه‌های ثابت: یعنی همه کاراکترهای A دارای یک شکل مشخص هستند. در واقع مشخصات ذاتی آبجکت می‌باشند.
   
2. خصیصه‌های پویا: یعنی هر کاراکتر دارای فونت، سایز و رنگ خاص خود است. در واقع خصیصه‌هایی که از یک آبجکت به آبجکت دیگر متفاوت هستند .
   

نکته‌ی قابل توجه این است که این الگو بصورت داخلی از الگوی Factory Method استفاده می‌کند. با توجه بیشتر به پیاده سازی Flyweight Factory شباهت هایی بین آن و Singleton Pattern می‌بینیم. کلاس‌هایی از این دست را Multiton می نامند. در Multiton نمونه‌ها بصورت زوج کلیدهایی نگهداری می‌شوند و بر اساس Key دریافت شده نمونه‌ی متناظر بازگردانده می‌شود. همچنین در Singleton تضمین می‌شود که از کلاس مربوطه فقط یک نمونه در کل Application وجود دارد. در Multiton Pattern تضمین می‌شود که برای هر Key تنها یک Instance وجود دارد.  

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.Json;

namespace JsonTests
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public bool IsInStock { get; set; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {            
         var products = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<Product>>("[{\"Id\":1026,\"Name\":\"P1\",\"IsInStock\":\"false\"}]");
        }
    }
}

An unhandled exception of type 'System.Text.Json.JsonException' occurred in System.Text.Json.dll
Inner exceptions found, see $exception in variables window for more details.
Innermost exception System.InvalidOperationException : Cannot get the value of a token type 'String' as a boolean.

    public class BooleanConverter : JsonConverter<bool>
    {
        public override bool Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
        {
            var value = reader.GetString();
            if (value.Equals("true", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 || value.Equals("yes", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 || value.Equals("1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
            {
                return true;
            }

            if (value.Equals("false", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 || value.Equals("no", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 || value.Equals("0", StringComparison.Ordinal))
            {
                return false;
            }

            throw new NotSupportedException($"`{value}` can't be converted to `bool`.");
        }

        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, bool value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
        {
            switch (value)
            {
                case true:
                    writer.WriteStringValue("true");
                    break;
                case false:
                    writer.WriteStringValue("false");
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    public abstract class JsonConverter<T> : JsonConverter
    {
        protected internal JsonConverter();

        public override bool CanConvert(Type typeToConvert);
        public abstract T Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options);
        public abstract void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, T value, JsonSerializerOptions options);
    }

var options = new JsonSerializerOptions();
options.Converters.Add(new BooleanConverter());
var products = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<Product>>(
   "[{\"Id\":1026,\"Name\":\"P1\",\"IsInStock\":\"false\"}]",
   options);

[JsonConverter(typeof(BooleanConverter))]
public bool IsInStock { get; set; }

var options  = new JsonSerializerOptions() {WriteIndented = true };
options.Converters.Add(new BooleanConverter());
var data = JsonSerializer.Serialize<List<Product>>(productList, options);

PM> Install-Package LinqToExcel

 string pathToExcelFile = @"C:\Users\MASOUD\Desktop\ExcelFile.xlsx";
var excel = new ExcelQueryFactory(pathToExcelFile);
            string sheetName = "Sheet1";
            var persons = from a in excel.Worksheet(sheetName) select a;
            foreach (var a in persons)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(a["Name"]+" "+a["Family"]);
            }

 public class Person
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public string Family { get; set; }
        }

 string pathToExcelFile = @"C:\Users\MASOUD\Desktop\ExcelFile.xlsx";
            var excel = new ExcelQueryFactory(pathToExcelFile);
            string sheetName = "Sheet1";
            var persons = from a in excel.Worksheet<Person>(sheetName) select a;
            foreach (var a in persons)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(a.Name+" "+a.Family);
            }

 string pathToExcelFile = @"C:\Users\MASOUD\Desktop\ExcelFile.xlsx";
            var excel = new ExcelQueryFactory(pathToExcelFile);
            string sheetName = "Sheet1";
            excel.AddMapping("Name","نام");
            excel.AddMapping("Family", "نام خانوادگی");
            var persons = from a in excel.Worksheet<Person>(sheetName) select a;
            foreach (var a in persons)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(a.Name+" "+a.Family);
            }

var persons = from a in excel.Worksheet<Person>() select a;

var persons = from a in excel.Worksheet<Person>(0) select a;

public IEnumerable<string> getWorkSheets()
{
string pathToExcelFile = @"C:\Users\MASOUD\Desktop\ExcelFile.xlsx";
    
    var excel = new ExcelQueryFactory(pathToExcelFile);

    return excel.GetWorksheetNames();
}

var SheetColumnNames = excel.GetColumnNames(sheetName);

namespace jqGrid10.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string CategoryName { set; get; }
        public int NumberOfViews { set; get; }
    }
}

            $('#list').jqGrid({
                caption: "آزمایش دهم",
                //...
                grouping: true,
                groupingView: {
                    groupField: ['CategoryName'],
                    groupOrder: ['asc'],
                    groupText : ['<b>{0} - {1} ردیف</b>'],
                    groupDataSorted: true,
                    groupColumnShow: false,
                    groupCollapse: true,
                    groupSummary: [true],
                    showSummaryOnHide: true
                }
            });

                colModel: [
// ........
                    {
                        name: '@(StronglyTyped.PropertyName<Post>(x => x.Title))',
                        index: '@(StronglyTyped.PropertyName<Post>(x => x.Title))',
                        align: 'right',
                        width: 150,
                        summaryTpl: '<div style="text-align: left;">خلاصه </div>',
                        summaryType: function (val, name, record) {
                            return "";
                        }
                    },
// ........
                    {
                        name: '@(StronglyTyped.PropertyName<Post>(x => x.NumberOfViews))',
                        index: '@(StronglyTyped.PropertyName<Post>(x => x.NumberOfViews))',
                        align: 'center',
                        width: 70,
                        summaryType: 'sum', summaryTpl: '<b>جمع مشاهدات: {0}</b>'
                    }
                ],

            $('#list').jqGrid({
                caption: "آزمایش دهم",
                //.........
                loadComplete: function() {
                    //.........
                    $('#list').jqGrid('groupingToggle', 'list' + 'ghead_0_0');
                    $("tr.jqfoot td").css({
                        "background": "#2f4f4f",
                        "color": "#FFF"
                    });
                },
            });

            // Get Customer Type from Customer click on Print Button
            int customerType = 0;

            // Create Object without instantiation
            object obj;


            //Instantiate obj according to customer Type
            if (customerType == 1)
            {
                obj = new Customer1();
            }
            else if (customerType == 2)
            {
                obj = new Customer2();
            }
            // Problem:
            //          1: Scattered New Keywords
            //          2: Client side is aware of Customer Type

namespace Interface
{
    public interface ICustomer
    {
        void Report();
    }
}

// Customer1
using System;
using Interface;

namespace MainClass
{
    public class Customer1 : ICustomer
    {
        public void Report()
        {           
            Console.WriteLine("این گزارش مخصوص مشتری نوع اول است");           
        }
    }
}

//Customer2
using System;
using Interface;

namespace MainClass
{
   public class Customer2 : ICustomer
    {
        public void Report()
        {           
            Console.WriteLine("این گزارش مخصوص مشتری نوع دوم است");           
        }
    }
}

//Factory
using System;
using Interface;
using MainClass;

namespace FactoryClass
{
    public class clsFactory
    {
        static public ICustomer getCustomerType(int intCustomerType)
        {
            ICustomer objCust;
            if (intCustomerType == 1)
            {
                objCust = new Customer1();
            }
            else if (intCustomerType == 2)
            {
                objCust = new Customer2();
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
            return objCust;
        }
    }
}

//UI (Client)
using System;
using FactoryClass;
using Interface;

namespace DesignPattern
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int intCustomerType = 0;
            ICustomer objCust;
            Console.WriteLine("نوع مشتری را وارد نمایید");           
            intCustomerType = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine());
            objCust = clsFactory.getCustomerType(intCustomerType);
            objCust.Report();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

• enabled: آیا این هندلر فعال باشد یا خیر.
• message: پیامی که باید به عنوان تگ درج شود.
• color: رنگ متن که به طور پیش فرض قرمز رنگ است.

Request #   2: GET     - 3,818 ms - <system>   - 200 - /indexes/dynamic/Questions?&query=Title%3ARaven*&pageSize=128

using System;
using System.Linq;
using Raven.Client.Document;
using RavenDBSample01.Models;
using Raven.Client;
using Raven.Client.Linq;
using Raven.Client.Indexes;

namespace RavenDBSample01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                store.DatabaseCommands.PutIndex(
                name: "Questions/ByTitle",
                indexDef: new IndexDefinitionBuilder<Question>
                {
                    Map = questions => questions.Select(question => new { Title = question.Title } )
                });
            }
        }
    }
}

    public class QuestionsByTitle : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Question>
    {
        public QuestionsByTitle()
        {
            Map = questions => questions.Select(question => new { Title = question.Title });
        }
    }

            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                IndexCreation.CreateIndexes(typeof(QuestionsByTitle).Assembly, store);
            }

            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                using (var session = store.OpenSession())
                {
                    var questions = session.Query<Question>(indexName: "QuestionsByTitle")
                                           .Where(x => x.Title.StartsWith("Raven")).Take(128);
                    foreach (var question in questions)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(question.Title);
                    }
                }
            }

Request # 147: GET     -    58 ms - <system>   - 200 - /indexes/QuestionsByTitle?&query=Title%3ARaven*&pageSize=128
        Query: Title:Raven*
        Time: 7 ms
        Index: QuestionsByTitle
        Results: 2 returned out of 2 total.

                    var questions = session.Query<Question, QuestionsByTitle>()
                                           .Where(x => x.Title.StartsWith("Raven")).Take(128);

    public class QuestionsCountByTitleReduceResult
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public int Count { set; get; }
    }

    public class QuestionsCountByTitle : AbstractIndexCreationTask<Question, QuestionsCountByTitleReduceResult>
    {
        public QuestionsCountByTitle()
        {
            Map = questions => questions.Select(question =>
                                                    new
                                                    {
                                                        Title = question.Title,
                                                        Count = 1
                                                    });
            Reduce = results => results.GroupBy(x => x.Title)
                                       .Select(g =>
                                                   new
                                                   {
                                                       Title = g.Key,
                                                       Count = g.Sum(x => x.Count)
                                                   });
        }
    }

            using (var store = new DocumentStore
            {
                Url = "http://localhost:8080"
            }.Initialize())
            {
                IndexCreation.CreateIndexes(typeof(QuestionsCountByTitle).Assembly, store);

                using (var session = store.OpenSession())
                {
                    var result = session.Query<QuestionsCountByTitleReduceResult, QuestionsCountByTitle>()
                                         .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Title == "Raven") ?? new QuestionsCountByTitleReduceResult();
                    Console.WriteLine(result.Count);
                }
            }

public class NameofClass
{
    public string SomeProperty { get; set; }

    // Now legal with C# 12
    // would show "Length" on the console
    public const string NameOfSomePropertyLength = nameof(SomeProperty.Length); 
    
    public static int StaticField;
    public const string NameOfStaticFieldMinValue  = nameof(StaticField.MinValue);

    [Description($"String {nameof(SomeProperty.Length)}")]
    public int StringLength(string s)
    {
        return s.Length;
    }
}