public abstract class WebViewPage<TModel> : System.Web.Mvc.WebViewPage<TModel>
    {
        public IText _text { get; set; }
        public Localizer T
        {
            get
            {
                return _text.Get;
            }
        }


        public override void InitHelpers()
        {
            //_text = ProjectObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<Text>();
            base.InitHelpers();
        }
    }

    public abstract class WebViewPage : WebViewPage<dynamic>
    {

    }
}

public class TestRegistry : Registry
    {
        public TestRegistry()
        {

           // Policies.FillAllPropertiesOfType<IText>().Use<Text>();
           
            For<IText>().Use<Text>();

            Policies.SetAllProperties(x =>
            {
                x.OfType<IText>();
            });


        }
    }

public IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()
{
    using (var stream = File.Read(Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "products.xml")))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

public IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()
{
    var fullPath = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "ProductCache.xml");
    if (!File.Exists(fullPath))
        return new Product[0];
         
    using (var stream = File.Read(fullPath))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()

IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()

public class UserRepository : IUserRepository
{
    public IList<User> Search(string value)
    {
        try
        {
              return CreateConnectionAndACommandAndReturnAList("WHERE value=@value", Parameter.New("value", value));
        }
        catch (SqlException err)
        {
             var msg = String.Format("Ohh no!  Failed to search after users with '{0}' as search string", value);
             throw new DataSourceException(msg, err);
        }
    }
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
    if (name.Length < 5 || name.Length > 10) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "Name must be between 5 or 10 characters long");
    if (name.Any(x => !char.IsAlphaNumeric(x)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "May only contain alpha numerics");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public User GetUser(int id)
{
}

var user = datasource.GetUser(userId);
if (user == null)
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to find user: " + userId);
// actual logic here

public User GetUser(int id)
{
    if (id <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("id", id, "Valid ids are from 1 and above. Do you have a parsing error somewhere?");
    
    var user = db.Execute<User>("WHERE Id = ?", id);
    if (user == null)
        throw new EntityNotFoundException("Failed to find user with id " + id);
        
    return user;
}

try
{
    FutileAttemptToResist();
}
catch (BorgException err)
{
     _myDearLog.Error("I'm in da cube! Ohh no!", err);
    throw err;
}

try
{
    GreaseTinMan();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException err)
{
    throw new TooScaredLion("The Lion was not in the m00d", err); //<---- استثناء اصلی بهتر است به استثناء جدید پاس داده شود
}

try
{
   socket.Connect("somethingawful.com", 80);
}
catch (SocketException err)
{
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Socket failed", err);  
}

void IncreaseStatusForUser(int userId, int newStatus)
{
    try
    {
         var user  = _repository.Get(userId);
         if (user == null)
             throw new UpdateException(string.Format("Failed to find user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus));
    
         user.Status = newStatus;
         _repository.Save(user);
    }
   catch (DataSourceException err)
   {
       var errMsg = string.Format("Failed to find modify user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus);
        throw new UpdateException(errMsg, err);
   }

public NewException()
public NewException(string description )
public NewException(string description, Exception inner)
protected or private NewException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)

“The given key was not present in the dictionary.”

“The key ‘abrakadabra’ was not present in the dictionary.”

public class SampleException : Exception
{
    public SampleException(string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
    }
 
    public SampleException(string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
    }
 
    public SampleException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    System.Net.HttpStatusCode _statusCode;
     
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
     
    public System.Net.HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
}

public override string Message
{
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    // [...]
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
        // this is new
        StatusCode = (HttpStatusCode) info.GetInt32("HttpStatusCode");
    }
 
    public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
    public override string Message
    {
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
    }
 
    // this is new
    public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        info.AddValue("HttpStatusCode", (int) StatusCode);
    }
}

throw new Exception("Unknown FaileType");
throw new Exception("Unecpected workingDirectory");

"Unecpected workingDirectory"

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public interface IAccounting
    {
        void CreateInvoice(int orderId, int count);
    }
}

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public interface ISales
    {
        bool ShippingAllowed(int orderId);
    }
}

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public interface IOrderHandler
    {
        void Handle(int orderId, int count);
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public class Accounting : IAccounting
    {
        public Accounting()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Accounting ctor.");
        }

        public void CreateInvoice(int orderId, int count)
        {
            // ...
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public class Sales : ISales
    {
        public Sales()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Sales ctor.");
        }

        public bool ShippingAllowed(int orderId)
        {
            // فقط جهت آزمایش سیستم
            return false;
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public class OrderHandler : IOrderHandler
    {
        private readonly IAccounting _accounting;
        private readonly ISales _sales;
        public OrderHandler(IAccounting accounting, ISales sales)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("OrderHandler ctor.");
            _accounting = accounting;
            _sales = sales;
        }

        public void Handle(int orderId, int count)
        {
            if (_sales.ShippingAllowed(orderId))
            {
                _accounting.CreateInvoice(orderId, count);
            }
        }
    }
}

 private readonly Lazy<IAccounting> _accounting;

using System;

namespace DI04.Services
{
    public class OrderHandlerLazy : IOrderHandler
    {
        private readonly Lazy<IAccounting> _accounting;
        private readonly Lazy<ISales> _sales;
        public OrderHandlerLazy(Lazy<IAccounting> accounting, Lazy<ISales> sales)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("OrderHandlerLazy ctor.");
            _accounting = accounting;
            _sales = sales;
        }

        public void Handle(int orderId, int count)
        {
            if (_sales.Value.ShippingAllowed(orderId))
            {
                _accounting.Value.CreateInvoice(orderId, count);
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using DI04.Services;
using StructureMap;

namespace DI04
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
            ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
            {
                x.For<IOrderHandler>().Use<OrderHandlerLazy>();

                // Lazy loading
                x.For<Lazy<IAccounting>>().Use(c => new Lazy<IAccounting>(c.GetInstance<Accounting>));
                x.For<Lazy<ISales>>().Use(c => new Lazy<ISales>(c.GetInstance<Sales>));
            });

            var orderHandler = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IOrderHandler>();
            orderHandler.Handle(orderId: 1, count: 10);
        }
    }
}

OrderHandlerLazy ctor.
Sales ctor.

1. انتقال اشیاء از طریق یک شبکه یا مرز یک نرم افزار .
   
2. ذخیره اشیاء در یک فایل یا بانک اطلاعاتی.
   

1. سریالی‌کننده قرارداد داده (Data Contract Serializer)
   
2. سریالی‌کننده باینری
   
3. سریالی‌کننده XML مبتنی بر صفت
   
4. سریالی‌کننده اینترفیس IXmlSerializer
   

1. DataContractSerializer، که اصطلاحاً loosely Coupled شده است به نوع سریالی‌کننده  Data Contract.
   
2. NetDataContractSerializer که اصطلاحاً tightly Coupled شده است به نوع سریالی‌کننده  Data Contract.
   

1. فضای نام System.Runtime.Serialization را به کد برنامه اضافه کنیم.
   
2. صفت [DataContract] را به نوعی که تعریف کرده‌ایم، اضافه کنیم.
   
3. صفت [DataMember] را به اعضایی که می‌خواهیم در سریالی شدن شرکت‌کنند، اضافه کنیم.
   

 var m = new ITModel.ITModelContainer();
        var list = (from pp in m.PERSONNELs
                    select pp).ToList();

        string pdfpath = Server.MapPath("PDFs");
        using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
        {
            var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream(pdfpath + "/Personnel2.pdf", FileMode.Create));
            pdfDoc.Open();
            var fontPath = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot") + "\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf";
            var baseFont = BaseFont.CreateFont(fontPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
            var tahomaFont = new Font(baseFont, 10, Font.NORMAL, BaseColor.BLACK);
            float[] widths = new float[] { 1f, 2f };

            PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(2)
                {
                    TotalWidth = 216f,
                    LockedWidth = true,
                    HorizontalAlignment = 0,
                    SpacingBefore = 20f,
                    SpacingAfter = 30f
                };

            table.SetWidths(widths);
            PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("لیست پرسنل", tahomaFont)) { RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL, Colspan = 2, Border = 0, HorizontalAlignment = 1 };

            table.AddCell(cell);
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                PdfPCell cell2 = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(item.PERSON_ID.ToString(), tahomaFont)) { RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL };
                PdfPCell cell3 = new PdfPCell(new Phrase(item.FIRST_NAME + " " + item.LAST_NAME, tahomaFont)) { RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL };
                table.AddCell(cell2);
                table.AddCell(cell3);
            }
            pdfDoc.Add(table);
        }

{ RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL };

    public class Student
    {
        public string FirstName;
        public string LastName;
        public int TotalPointsEarned;

        public void TakeExam(int pointsForExam)
        {
            TotalPointsEarned += pointsForExam;
        }

        public void ExtraCredit(int extraPoints)
        {
            TotalPointsEarned += extraPoints;
        }


        public int PointsEarned { get { return TotalPointsEarned; } }
    }

using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Diagnostics;
 
namespace CodingStandards
{
    [DiagnosticAnalyzer(LanguageNames.CSharp)]
    public class CodingStandardsAnalyzer : DiagnosticAnalyzer
    {
        public const string DiagnosticId = "CodingStandards";

        // You can change these strings in the Resources.resx file. If you do not want your analyzer to be localize-able, you can use regular strings for Title and MessageFormat.
        internal static readonly LocalizableString Title = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(Resources.AnalyzerTitle), Resources.ResourceManager, typeof(Resources));
        internal static readonly LocalizableString MessageFormat = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(Resources.AnalyzerMessageFormat), Resources.ResourceManager, typeof(Resources));
        internal static readonly LocalizableString Description = new LocalizableResourceString(nameof(Resources.AnalyzerDescription), Resources.ResourceManager, typeof(Resources));
        internal const string Category = "Naming";

        internal static DiagnosticDescriptor Rule = 
            new DiagnosticDescriptor(
                DiagnosticId, 
                Title, 
                MessageFormat, 
                Category, 
                DiagnosticSeverity.Error, 
                isEnabledByDefault: true, 
                description: Description);
 
        public override ImmutableArray<DiagnosticDescriptor> SupportedDiagnostics
        {
            get { return ImmutableArray.Create(Rule); }
        }

        public override void Initialize(AnalysisContext context)
        {
            // TODO: Consider registering other actions that act on syntax instead of or in addition to symbols
            context.RegisterSyntaxNodeAction(analyzeFieldDeclaration, SyntaxKind.FieldDeclaration);
        }

        static void analyzeFieldDeclaration(SyntaxNodeAnalysisContext context)
        {
            var fieldDeclaration = context.Node as FieldDeclarationSyntax;
            if (fieldDeclaration == null) return;
            var accessToken = fieldDeclaration
                                .ChildTokens()
                                .SingleOrDefault(token => token.Kind() == SyntaxKind.PublicKeyword);

            // Note: Not finding protected or internal
            if (accessToken.Kind() != SyntaxKind.None)
            {
                // Find the name of the field:
                var name = fieldDeclaration.DescendantTokens()
                              .SingleOrDefault(token => token.IsKind(SyntaxKind.IdentifierToken)).Value;
                var diagnostic = Diagnostic.Create(Rule, fieldDeclaration.GetLocation(), name, accessToken.Value);
                context.ReportDiagnostic(diagnostic);
            }
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Composition;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeFixes;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeActions;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
 
namespace CodingStandards
{
    [ExportCodeFixProvider(LanguageNames.CSharp, Name = nameof(CodingStandardsCodeFixProvider)), Shared]
    public class CodingStandardsCodeFixProvider : CodeFixProvider
    {
        public sealed override ImmutableArray<string> FixableDiagnosticIds
        {
            get { return ImmutableArray.Create(CodingStandardsAnalyzer.DiagnosticId); }
        }

        public sealed override FixAllProvider GetFixAllProvider()
        {
            return WellKnownFixAllProviders.BatchFixer;
        }

        public sealed override async Task RegisterCodeFixesAsync(CodeFixContext context)
        {
            var root = await context.Document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(context.CancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            // TODO: Replace the following code with your own analysis, generating a CodeAction for each fix to suggest
            var diagnostic = context.Diagnostics.First();
            var diagnosticSpan = diagnostic.Location.SourceSpan;

            // Find the type declaration identified by the diagnostic.
            var declaration = root.FindToken(diagnosticSpan.Start)
                                   .Parent.AncestorsAndSelf().OfType<FieldDeclarationSyntax>()
                                   .First();

            // Register a code action that will invoke the fix.
            context.RegisterCodeFix(
                CodeAction.Create("Make Private", 
                c => makePrivateDeclarationAsync(context.Document, declaration, c)),
                diagnostic);
        }

        async Task<Document> makePrivateDeclarationAsync(Document document, FieldDeclarationSyntax declaration, CancellationToken c)
        {
            var accessToken = declaration.ChildTokens()
                .SingleOrDefault(token => token.Kind() == SyntaxKind.PublicKeyword);

            var privateAccessToken = SyntaxFactory.Token(SyntaxKind.PrivateKeyword);

            var root = await document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(c);
            var newRoot = root.ReplaceToken(accessToken, privateAccessToken);

            return document.WithSyntaxRoot(newRoot);
        }
    }
}

PM> Install-Package Saltarelle.Compiler
PM> Install-Package Saltarelle.Runtime

copy "$(TargetDir)$(TargetName).js" "$(SolutionDir)SalratelleSample.UI\Scripts"

<script src="~/Scripts/SaltarelleSample.Client.js"></script>

<script src="~/Scripts/mscorlib.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/Scripts/SaltarelleSample.Client.js"></script>

> Install-Package Saltarelle.Web
> Install-Package Saltarelle.jQuery

<script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>

public class Feed
    {
        public string FeedId { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Address { get; set; }

    }
    public class Item
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Link { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }

 public class SiteManager
    {
        private static List<Feed> _feeds;
        public static List<Feed> Feeds
        {
            get
            {
                if (_feeds == null)
                    _feeds = CreateSites();
                return _feeds;
            }
        }
        private static List<Feed> CreateSites()
        {
            return new List<Feed>() { 
                new Feed(){
                    FeedId = "1",
                    Title = "آخرین تغییرات سایت",
                    Address = "https://www.dntips.ir/rss.xml"
                },
                 new Feed(){
                    FeedId = "2",
                    Title = "مطالب سایت",
                    Address = "https://www.dntips.ir/feeds/posts"
                },
                 new Feed(){
                    FeedId = "3",
                    Title = "نظرات سایت",
                    Address = "https://www.dntips.ir/feeds/comments"
                },
                 new Feed(){
                    FeedId = "4",
                    Title = "خلاصه اشتراک ها",
                    Address = "https://www.dntips.ir/feed/news"
                },
            };
        }

        public static IEnumerable<Item> GetNews(string id)
        {
            XDocument feedXML = XDocument.Load(Feeds.Find(s=> s.FeedId == id).Address);
            var feeds = from feed in feedXML.Descendants("item")
                        select new Item
                        {
                            Title = feed.Element("title").Value,
                            Link = feed.Element("link").Value,
                            Description = feed.Element("description").Value
                        };
            return feeds;
        }

    }

public class FeedController : ApiController  
{
        // GET api/<controller>
        public IEnumerable<Feed> Get()
        {
            return SiteManager.Feeds;
        }
    }

public class ItemsController : ApiController
    {
        // GET api/<controller>/5
        public IEnumerable<Item> Get(string id)
        {
            return SiteManager.GetNews(id);
        }
    }

<div>
    <div>
        <h2>Feeds</h2>
        <ul id="Feeds">
           
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div>
        <h2>Items</h2>
        <p id="FeedItems">
        </p>
    </div>
   
</div>

static void Main()
        {
            jQuery.OnDocumentReady(() => {
                FillFeeds();
            });
        }

$SaltarelleSample_Client_$Program.$main = function() {
$(function() {
$SaltarelleSample_Client_$Program.$fillFeeds();
});
};
$SaltarelleSample_Client_$Program.$main();

private static void FillFeeds()
        {
            jQuery.Ajax(new jQueryAjaxOptions()
            {
                Url = "/api/feed",
                Type = "GET",
                Success = (d,t,r) => {

                    // Fill 
                    var ul = jQuery.Select("#Feeds");
                    jQuery.Each((List<Feed>)d, (idx,i) => {
                        var li = jQuery.Select("<li>").Text(i.Title).CSS("cursor", "pointer");
                        li.Click(eve => {
                            FillData(i.FeedId);
                        });
                        ul.Append(li);
                    });
                }
            });
        }

public delegate void AjaxRequestCallback(object data, string textStatus, jQueryXmlHttpRequest request);

 [PreserveMemberCase()]
    public class Feed
    {
        //[ScriptName("FeedId")]
        public string FeedId;

        //[ScriptName("Title")]
        public string Title;

        //[ScriptName("Address")]
        public string Address;

    }

    [PreserveMemberCase()]
    public class Item
    {
        // [ScriptName("Title")]
        public string Title;

        // [ScriptName("Link")]
        public string Link;

        // [ScriptName("Description")]
        public string Description;
    }

jQuery.Each((List<Feed>)d, (idx,i) => {
                        var li = jQuery.Select("<li>").Text(i.Title).CSS("cursor", "pointer");
                        li.Click(eve => {
                            FillData(i.FeedId);
                        });
                        ul.Append(li);
                    });

به ازای هر آیتمی که در شیء بازگشتی وجود دارد، با استفاد از متد each در jQuery یک li ایجاد می‌کنیم. همان طور که می‌بینید کلیه خواص، به شکل Fluent قابل اضافه شدن می‌باشد. سپس برای li یک رویداد کلیک که در صورت وقوع، متد FillData را با شناسه فید کلیک شده فراخوانی می‌کند و در آخر li را به المنت ul اضافه می‌کنیم.

برای هر کلیک هم مانند مثال بالا api را با شناسه‌ی فید مربوطه فراخوانی کرده و به ازای هر آیتم، یک سطر ایجاد می‌کنیم.

private static void FillData(string p)
        {
            jQuery.Ajax(new jQueryAjaxOptions()
            {
                Url = "/api/items/" + p,
                Type = "GET",
                Success = (d, t, r) => {
                    var content = jQuery.Select("#FeedItems");
                    content.Html("");
                    foreach (var item in (List<Item>)d)
                    {
                        var row = jQuery.Select("<div>").AddClass("row").CSS("direction", "rtl");
                        var link = jQuery.Select("<a>").Attribute("href", item.Link).Text(item.Title);
                        row.Append(link);
                        content.Append(row);
                    }
                }
            });
        }