SELECT
    [Id], 
    (SELECT top 1  * FROM  [AppUsers] FOR XML auto),
    HASHBYTES ('SHA2_256', (SELECT top 1  * FROM  [AppUsers] FOR XML auto)) AS [hash] -- varbinary(n), since 2012
FROM
    [AppUsers]

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public interface IAuditableEntity
    {
        string Hash { set; get; }
    }

    public static class AuditableShadowProperties
    {
        public static readonly string CreatedDateTime = nameof(CreatedDateTime);
        public static readonly string ModifiedDateTime = nameof(ModifiedDateTime);
    }

    public class Blog : IAuditableEntity
    {
        public int BlogId { get; set; }
        public string Url { get; set; }

        public List<Post> Posts { get; set; }

        public string Hash { get; set; }
    }

    public class Post : IAuditableEntity
    {
        public int PostId { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Content { get; set; }

        public int BlogId { get; set; }
        public Blog Blog { get; set; }

        public string Hash { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public class AuditEntry
    {
        public EntityEntry EntityEntry { set; get; }
        public IList<AuditProperty> AuditProperties { set; get; } = new List<AuditProperty>();

        public AuditEntry() { }

        public AuditEntry(EntityEntry entry)
        {
            EntityEntry = entry;
        }
    }

    public class AuditProperty
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public object Value { set; get; }

        public bool IsTemporary { set; get; }
        public PropertyEntry PropertyEntry { set; get; }

        public AuditProperty() { }

        public AuditProperty(string name, object value, bool isTemporary, PropertyEntry property)
        {
            Name = name;
            Value = value;
            IsTemporary = isTemporary;
            PropertyEntry = property;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public static class HashingExtensions
    {
        public static string GenerateObjectHash(this object @object)
        {
            if (@object == null)
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }

            var jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(@object, Formatting.Indented);
            using (var hashAlgorithm = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                var byteValue = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonData);
                var byteHash = hashAlgorithm.ComputeHash(byteValue);
                return Convert.ToBase64String(byteHash);
            }
        }

        public static string GenerateEntityEntryHash(this EntityEntry entry, string propertyToIgnore)
        {
            var auditEntry = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            foreach (var property in entry.Properties)
            {
                var propertyName = property.Metadata.Name;
                if (propertyName == propertyToIgnore)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                auditEntry[propertyName] = property.CurrentValue;
            }
            return auditEntry.GenerateObjectHash();
        }

        public static string GenerateEntityHash<TEntity>(this DbContext context, TEntity entity, string propertyToIgnore)
        {
            return context.Entry(entity).GenerateEntityEntryHash(propertyToIgnore);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ChangeTracking;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace EFCoreRowIntegrity
{
    public class BloggingContext : DbContext
    {
        public BloggingContext()
        { }

        public BloggingContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        { }

        public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            if (!optionsBuilder.IsConfigured)
            {
                optionsBuilder.EnableSensitiveDataLogging();
                var path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "app_data", "EFCore.RowIntegrity.mdf");
                optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer($"Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFCore.RowIntegrity;AttachDbFilename={path};Trusted_Connection=True;");
                optionsBuilder.UseLoggerFactory(new LoggerFactory().AddConsole((message, logLevel) =>
                logLevel == LogLevel.Debug &&
                           message.StartsWith("Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command")));
            }
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model
                                                   .GetEntityTypes()
                                                   .Where(e => typeof(IAuditableEntity)
                                                   .IsAssignableFrom(e.ClrType)))
            {
                modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                            .Property<DateTimeOffset?>(AuditableShadowProperties.CreatedDateTime);
                modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                            .Property<DateTimeOffset?>(AuditableShadowProperties.ModifiedDateTime);
            }
        }

        public override int SaveChanges()
        {
            var auditEntries = OnBeforeSaveChanges();
            var result = base.SaveChanges();
            OnAfterSaveChanges(auditEntries);
            return result;
        }

        private IList<AuditEntry> OnBeforeSaveChanges()
        {
            var auditEntries = new List<AuditEntry>();

            foreach (var entry in ChangeTracker.Entries<IAuditableEntity>())
            {
                if (entry.State == EntityState.Detached || entry.State == EntityState.Unchanged)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                var auditEntry = new AuditEntry(entry);
                auditEntries.Add(auditEntry);

                var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;

                foreach (var property in entry.Properties)
                {
                    var propertyName = property.Metadata.Name;
                    if (propertyName == nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (property.IsTemporary)
                    {
                        // It's an auto-generated value and should be retrieved from the DB after calling the base.SaveChanges().
                        auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, null, true, property));
                        continue;
                    }

                    switch (entry.State)
                    {
                        case EntityState.Added:
                            entry.Property(AuditableShadowProperties.CreatedDateTime).CurrentValue = now;
                            auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, property.CurrentValue, false, property));
                            break;
                        case EntityState.Modified:
                            auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, property.CurrentValue, false, property));
                            entry.Property(AuditableShadowProperties.ModifiedDateTime).CurrentValue = now;
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            return auditEntries;
        }

        private void OnAfterSaveChanges(IList<AuditEntry> auditEntries)
        {
            foreach (var auditEntry in auditEntries)
            {
                foreach (var auditProperty in auditEntry.AuditProperties.Where(x => x.IsTemporary))
                {
                    // Now we have the auto-generated value from the DB.
                    auditProperty.Value = auditProperty.PropertyEntry.CurrentValue;
                    auditProperty.IsTemporary = false;
                }
                auditEntry.EntityEntry.Property(nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash)).CurrentValue =
                    auditEntry.AuditProperties.ToDictionary(x => x.Name, x => x.Value).GenerateObjectHash();
            }
            base.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

public override int SaveChanges()
{
    var auditEntries = OnBeforeSaveChanges();
    var result = base.SaveChanges();
    OnAfterSaveChanges(auditEntries);
    return result;
}

if (property.IsTemporary)
{
   // It's an auto-generated value and should be retrieved from the DB after calling the base.SaveChanges().
   auditEntry.AuditProperties.Add(new AuditProperty(propertyName, null, true, property));
   continue;
}

private static void CheckRow1IsAuthentic()
{
    using (var context = new BloggingContext())
    {
        var blog1 = context.Blogs.Single(x => x.BlogId == 1);
        var entityHash = context.GenerateEntityHash(blog1, propertyToIgnore: nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash));
        var dbRowHash = blog1.Hash;
        Console.WriteLine($"entityHash: {entityHash}\ndbRowHash:  {dbRowHash}");
        if (entityHash == dbRowHash)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This row is authentic!");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("This row is tampered outside of the application!");
        }
    }
}

entityHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
dbRowHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
This row is authentic!

entityHash: tdiZhKMJRnROGLLam1WpldA0fy/CbjJaR2Y2jNU9izk=
dbRowHash: P110cYquWpoaZuTpCWaqBn6HPSGdoQdmaAN05s1zYqo=
This row is tampered outside of the application!

var blogs = (from blog in context.Blogs.ToList() // Note: this `ToList()` is necessary here for having Shadow properties values, otherwise they will considered `null`.
             let computedHash = context.GenerateEntityHash(blog, nameof(IAuditableEntity.Hash))
             select new
             {
               blog.BlogId,
               blog.Url,
               RowHash = blog.Hash,
               ComputedHash = computedHash,
               IsAuthentic = blog.Hash == computedHash
             }).ToList();

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async05
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var res = doSomethingAsync().Result;
        }

        static async Task<int> doSomethingAsync()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            return 1;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async05
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var task = showTitlesAsync(new[]
            {
                "http://www.google.com",
                "https://www.dntips.ir"
            });
            task.Wait();

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static async Task showTitlesAsync(IEnumerable<string> urls)
        {
            foreach (var url in urls)
            {
                var title = await getTitleAsync(url);
                Console.WriteLine(title);
            }
        }

        static async Task<string> getTitleAsync(string url)
        {
            var data = await new WebClient().DownloadStringTaskAsync(url);
            return getTitle(data);
        }

        private static string getTitle(string data)
        {
            const string patternTitle = @"(?s)<title>(.+?)</title>";
            var regex = new Regex(patternTitle);
            var mc = regex.Match(data);
            return mc.Groups.Count == 2 ? mc.Groups[1].Value.Trim() : string.Empty;
        }
    }
}

        static async Task showTitlesAsync(IEnumerable<string> urls)
        {
            foreach (var url in urls)
            {
                try
                {
                    var title = await getTitleAsync(url);
                    Console.WriteLine(title);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex);
                }
            }
        }

 System.Net.WebException: The remote server returned an error: (502) Bad Gateway.
System.Net.WebException: The remote server returned an error: (502) Bad Gateway.

Press any key to exit...

public async Task<double> GetSum2Async()
        {
            try
            {
                var task1 = GetNumberAsync();
                var task2 = GetNumberAsync();

                var compositeTask = Task.WhenAll(task1, task2);
                await compositeTask.ContinueWith(x => { });

                return compositeTask.Result[0] + compositeTask.Result[1];
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                //todo: log ex
                throw;
            }
        }

        public async Task<double> GetSumAsync()
        {
            var leftOperand = await GetNumberAsync();
            var rightOperand = await GetNumberAsync();

            return leftOperand + rightOperand;
        }

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Test2();
            Test();
            Console.ReadLine();

            GC.Collect();
            GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        public static async Task Test()
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }

        public static async void Test2()
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }
}

 Warning  1  Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed.
Consider applying the 'await' operator to the result of the call.

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException += TaskScheduler_UnobservedTaskException;

            //Test2();
            Test();
            Console.ReadLine();

            GC.Collect();
            GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private static void TaskScheduler_UnobservedTaskException(object sender, UnobservedTaskExceptionEventArgs e)
        {
            e.SetObserved();
            Console.WriteLine(e.Exception);
        }

        public static async Task Test()
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }

        public static async void Test2()
        {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }
}

Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { throw new Exception(); });

Thread.Sleep(100);
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

 <configuration>
    <runtime>
      <ThrowUnobservedTaskExceptions enabled="true"/>
    </runtime>
</configuration>

protected override void LoadState(Object navigationParameter, Dictionary<String, Object> pageState)
{
    try
    {
        ClickMeButton.Tapped += async (sender, args) =>
        {
             throw new Exception();        

        };
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        // This won’t catch exceptions!
        TextBlock1.Text = ex.Message;
    }
}

 public delegate void TappedEventHandler(object sender, TappedRoutedEventArgs e);

private static void rotateImage(double angle, double scale, Mat src, Mat dst)
{
    var imageCenter = new Point2f(src.Cols / 2f, src.Rows / 2f);
    var rotationMat = Cv2.GetRotationMatrix2D(imageCenter, angle, scale);
    Cv2.WarpAffine(src, dst, rotationMat, src.Size());
}

using OpenCvSharp;
using OpenCvSharp.CPlusPlus;
 
namespace OpenCVSharpSample09
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var src = new Mat(@"..\..\Images\Penguin.Png", LoadMode.AnyDepth | LoadMode.AnyColor))
            using (var dst = new Mat())
            {
                src.CopyTo(dst);
 
                using (var window = new Window("Resize/Rotate/Blur",
                                                image: dst, flags: WindowMode.AutoSize))
                {
                    var angle = 0.0;
                    var scale = 0.7;
 
                    var angleTrackbar = window.CreateTrackbar(
                        name: "Angle", value: 0, max: 180,
                        callback: pos =>
                        {
                            angle = pos;
                            rotateImage(angle, scale, src, dst);
                            window.Image = dst;
                        });
 
                    var scaleTrackbar = window.CreateTrackbar(
                        name: "Scale", value: 1, max: 10,
                        callback: pos =>
                        {
                            scale = pos / 10f;
                            rotateImage(angle, scale, src, dst);
                            window.Image = dst;
                        }); 
 
                    angleTrackbar.Callback.DynamicInvoke(0);
                    scaleTrackbar.Callback.DynamicInvoke(1);
 
                    Cv2.WaitKey();
                }
            }
        }
 
        private static void rotateImage(double angle, double scale, Mat src, Mat dst)
        {
            var imageCenter = new Point2f(src.Cols / 2f, src.Rows / 2f);
            var rotationMat = Cv2.GetRotationMatrix2D(imageCenter, angle, scale);
            Cv2.WarpAffine(src, dst, rotationMat, src.Size());
        }
    }
}

var resizeTrackbar = window.CreateTrackbar(
    name: "Resize", value: 1, max: 100,
    callback: pos =>
    {
        Cv2.Resize(src, dst,
            new Size(src.Width + pos, src.Height + pos),
            interpolation: Interpolation.Cubic);
        window.Image = dst;
    });

var resizeTrackbar = window.CreateTrackbar(
    name: "Resize", value: 1, max: 100,
    callback: pos =>
    {
        rotateImage(angle, scale, src, dst);
        Cv2.Resize(dst, dst,
            new Size(src.Width + pos, src.Height + pos),
            interpolation: Interpolation.Cubic);
        window.Image = dst;
    });

var blurTrackbar = window.CreateTrackbar(
   name: "Blur", value: 1, max: 100,
   callback: pos =>
   {
       if (pos % 2 == 0) pos++;
 
       rotateImage(angle, scale, src, dst);
       Cv2.GaussianBlur(dst, dst, new Size(pos, pos), sigmaX: 0);
       window.Image = dst;
   });

قدم دوم

بسته‌های نیوگت زیر را نصب کنید:

PM> install-package NUnit
PM> install-package Shouldly
PM> install-package EntityFramework
PM> install-package FakeHttpContext

قدم سوم

نسخه دیتابیس انتخابی برای تست خودکار، LocalDB می باشد. لازم است در ابتدای اجرای تست‌ها دیتابیس مربوط به Integration Test ایجاد شده و بعد از اتمام نیز دیتابیس مورد نظر حذف شود؛ برای این منظور از کلاس TestSetup استفاده خواهیم کرد.

[SetUpFixture]
public class TestSetup
{
    [OneTimeSetUp]
    public void SetUpDatabase()
    {
        DestroyDatabase();
        CreateDatabase();
    }

    [OneTimeTearDown]
    public void TearDownDatabase()
    {
        DestroyDatabase();
    }

   //...
}

با توجه به اینکه کلاس TestSetup با [SetUpFixture] تزئین شده است، Nunit قبل از اجرای تست‌ها سراغ این کلاس آمده و متد SetUpDatebase را به دلیل تزئین شدن با [OneTimeSetUp]، قبل از اجرای تست‌ها و متد TearDownDatabase را بدلیل تزئین شدن با [OneTimeTearDown]  بعد از اجرای تمام تست‌ها، اجرا خواهد کرد.

متد CreateDatabase

private static void CreateDatabase()
{
    ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, string.Format(SqlResource.DatabaseScript, FileName));

    //Use T-Sql Scripts For Create Database
    //ExecuteSqlCommand(MyAppTest, SqlResources.V1_0_0);

    var migration =
        new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<ApplicationDbContext, DataLayer.Migrations.Configuration>();
    migration.InitializeDatabase(new ApplicationDbContext());

}

private static SqlConnectionStringBuilder Master =>
    new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
    {
        DataSource = @"(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB",
        InitialCatalog = "master",
        IntegratedSecurity = true
    };

private static string FileName => Path.Combine(
    Path.GetDirectoryName(
        Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location),
    "MyAppTest.mdf");

برای مدیریت محل ذخیره سازی فایل‌های دیتابیس، ابتدا دستورات ایجاد «دیتابیس تست» را برروی دیتابیس master اجرا می‌کنیم و در ادامه برای ساخت جداول از مکانیزم Migration خود EF استفاده شده است.

لازم است رشته اتصال به این دیتابیس ایجاد شده را در فایل App.config پروژه تست قرار دهید:

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="DefaultConnection" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDb;Initial Catalog=MyAppTest;Integrated Security=True;" />
</connectionStrings>

متد DestroyDatabase 

private static void DestroyDatabase()
{
    var fileNames = ExecuteSqlQuery(Master, SqlResource.SelecDatabaseFileNames,
        row => (string)row["physical_name"]);

    if (!fileNames.Any()) return;

    ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, SqlResource.DetachDatabase);

    fileNames.ForEach(File.Delete);
}

در این متد ابتدا آدرس فایل‌های مرتبط با «دیتابیس تست» واکشی شده و در ادامه دستورات Detach دیتابیس انجام شده و فایل‌های مرتبط حذف خواهند شد. فایل‌های دیتابیس در مسیری شبیه به آدرس نشان داده شده‌ی در شکل زیر ذخیره خواهند شد.

قدم چهارم

برای جلوگیری از تداخل بین تست‌ها لازم است تک تک تست‌ها از هم ایزوله باشند؛ یکی از راه حل‌های موجود، استفاده از تراکنش‌ها می‌باشد. برای این منظور امکان AutoRollback را به صورت خودکار به متدهای تست با استفاده از Attribute زیر اعمال خواهیم کرد:

public class AutoRollbackAttribute : Attribute, ITestAction
{
    private TransactionScope _scope;

    public void BeforeTest(ITest test)
    {
        _scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew,new TransactionOptions {IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.Snapshot});
    }

    public void AfterTest(ITest test)
    {
        _scope?.Dispose();
        _scope = null;
    }

    public ActionTargets Targets => ActionTargets.Test;
}

متدهای BeforTest و AfterTest به ترتیب قبل و بعد از اجرای متدهای تست تزئین شده با این Attribute اجرا خواهند شد. 

در مواقعی هم که به HttpConext نیاز دارید، می‌توانید از کتابخانه FakeHttpContext بهره ببرید. برای این مورد هم میتوان Attributeای را به مانند AutoRollback در نظر گرفت.

public class HttpContextAttribute:Attribute,ITestAction
{
    private FakeHttpContext.FakeHttpContext _httpContext;

    public void BeforeTest(ITest test)
    {
        _httpContext = new FakeHttpContext.FakeHttpContext();

    }

    public void AfterTest(ITest test)
    {
        _httpContext?.Dispose();
        _httpContext = null;
    }

    public ActionTargets Targets => ActionTargets.Test;
}

کاری که FakeHttpContext انجام می‌دهد، مقدار دهی HttpContext.Current با یک پیاده سازی ساختگی می‌باشد.

قدم پنجم

به عنوان مثال اگر بخواهیم برای سرویس «گروه کاربری»، Integration Test بنویسیم، به شکل زیر عمل خواهیم کرد:

namespace MyApp.IntegrationTests.ServiceLayer
{
    [TestFixture]
    [AutoRollback]
    [HttpContext]
    public class RoleServiceTests
    {
        private IRoleApplicationService _roleService;

        [SetUp]
        public void Init()
        {
        }

        [TearDown]
        public void Clean()
        {
        }

        [OneTimeSetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            _roleService = IoC.Resolve<IRoleApplicationService>();

            using (var uow = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                RoleInitialDataBuilder.Build(uow);
            }
        }

        [OneTimeTearDown]
        public void TearDown()
        {
        }

        [Test]
        [TestCase("Role1")]
        public void Should_Create_New_Role(string role)
        {
            var viewModel = new RoleCreateViewModel
            {
                Name = role
            };

            _roleService.Create(viewModel);

            using (var context = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                var user = context.Set<Role>().FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == role);
                user.ShouldNotBeNull();
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_Not_Create_New_Role_With_Admin_Name()
        {
            var viewModel = new RoleCreateViewModel
            {
                Name = "Admin"
            };

            Assert.Throws<DbUpdateException>(() => _roleService.Create(viewModel));
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_AdminRole_Exists()
        {
            using (var context = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                var user = context.Set<Role>().FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == "Admin");
                user.ShouldNotBeNull();
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_Not_Create_New_Role_Without_Name()
        {
            Assert.Throws<ValidationException>(() => _roleService.Create(new RoleCreateViewModel { Name = null }));
        }
    }
}

با این خروجی:

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.JS

 Signalr.exe ghp http://localhost/

 $.connection

 $.connection.chatHub

<script src="http://localhost:1072/signalr/hubs" type="text/javascript"></script>

 - webSockets
- forverFrame
- serverSentEvents
- longPolling

 $.connection.hub.url = 'http://localhost:1072/signalr'; //چون در یک پروژه دیگر قرار داریم

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;

namespace SignalR02
{
    public class Global : HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Register the default hubs route: ~/signalr
            RouteTable.Routes.MapHubs(new HubConfiguration
            {
                EnableCrossDomain = true
            });
        }
    }
}

 SignalR: Auto detected cross domain url. jquery.signalR-1.0.1.min.js:10
SignalR: Negotiating with 'http://localhost:1072/signalr/negotiate'. jquery.signalR-1.0.1.min.js:10
SignalR: SignalR: Initializing long polling connection with server. jquery.signalR-1.0.1.min.js:10
SignalR: Attempting to connect to 'http://localhost:1072/signalr/connect?transport=longPolling&connectionToken…NRh72omzsPkKqhKw2&connectionData=%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%22chat%22%7D%5D&tid=3' using longPolling. jquery.signalR-1.0.1.min.js:10
SignalR: Longpolling connected jquery.signalR-1.0.1.min.js:10

<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<head>
    <title></title>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.4.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery.signalR-1.0.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <input id="txtMsg" type="text" /><input id="send" type="button" value="send msg" />
        <ul id="messages">
        </ul>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {                        
            $.connection.hub.logging = true; //اطلاعات بیشتری را در جاوا اسکریپت کنسول مرورگر لاگ می‌کند

            var connection = $.hubConnection();
            connection.url = 'http://localhost:1072/signalr'; //چون در یک پروژه دیگر قرار داریم
            var proxy = connection.createHubProxy('chat');

            proxy.on('hello', function (message) {
                //متدی که در اینجا تعریف شده دقیقا مطابق نام متد پویایی است که در هاب تعریف شده است
                //به این ترتیب سرور می‌تواند کلاینت را فراخوانی کند
                $("#messages").append("<li>" + message + "</li>");
            });

            $("#send").click(function () {
                // Hub's `SendMessage` should be camel case here
                proxy.invoke('sendMessage', $("#txtMsg").val());
            });

            connection.start();
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Client.Hubs;

namespace SignalR02.WinClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var hubConnection = new HubConnection(url: "http://localhost:1072/signalr");
            var chat = hubConnection.CreateHubProxy(hubName: "chat");

            chat.On<string>("hello", msg => {
                Console.WriteLine(msg);
            });

            hubConnection.Start().Wait();

            chat.Invoke<string>("sendMessage", "Hello!");

            Console.WriteLine("Press a key to terminate the client...");
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

@using (Html.BeginForm("Multiple", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" })) { 
    <input type="file" name="files" multiple />
    <button class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>   
}

@using (Html.BeginForm("Multiple", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" })) {  
    <input type="file" name="files" /><br />
    <input type="file" name="files" /><br />
    <input type="file" name="files" /><br />
    <button class="btn btn-default">Upload</button>   
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Multiple(IEnumerable<HttpPostedFileBase> files)
{
    foreach (var file in files)
    {
        if (file != null && file.ContentLength > 0)
        {
            file.SaveAs(Path.Combine(Server.MapPath("/uploads"), Guid.NewGuid() + Path.GetExtension(file.FileName)));
        }
    }
    return View();
}

@page "/"

<h1>Hello, world!</h1>

@page "/bindprop"

<li class="nav-item px-3">
    <NavLink class="nav-link" href="bindprop">
        <span class="oi oi-list-rich" aria-hidden="true"></span> Bind Properties
    </NavLink>
</li>

@page "/demoHotel"

<h3>Hotel Rooms</h3>
<div class="border p-2 mt-2" style="background-color:azure">
    <h2 class="text-info">Rooms List</h2>
    <div class="row container">
        @foreach (var room in Rooms)
        {
            <div class="bg-light border p-2 col-5 ml-2">
                <h4 class="text-secondary">Room - @room.Id</h4>

                @room.Name<br />
                @room.Price.ToString("c")<br />
                <input type="checkbox" @bind-value="room.IsActive" checked="@(room.IsActive?"checked":null)" /> &nbsp; Is Active<br />
                <span>This room is @(room.IsActive?"Active": "InActive")</span>

                @if (room.IsActive)
                {
                    @foreach (var roomProp in room.RoomProps)
                    {
                        <p>@roomProp.Name - @roomProp.Value</p>
                    }
                }

                <input type="button" class="btn btn-danger" value="Delete" />
                <input type="button" class="btn btn-success" value="Edit" />
            </div>
        }
    </div>
</div>

<li class="nav-item px-3">
    <NavLink class="nav-link" href="demoHotel">
      <span class="oi oi-list-rich" aria-hidden="true"></span> Demo Hotel
    </NavLink>
</li>

<input type="button" class="btn btn-danger" value="Delete" />
<input type="button" class="btn btn-success" value="Edit" />

<BlazorServerSample.Pages.LearnBlazor.LearnBlazorComponents.EditDeleteButton></BlazorServerSample.Pages.LearnBlazor.LearnBlazorComponents.EditDeleteButton>

@using BlazorServerSample.Pages.LearnBlazor.LearnBlazorComponents

<EditDeleteButton></EditDeleteButton>

@if (IsAdmin)
{
    <input type="button" class="btn btn-danger" value="Delete" />
    <input type="button" class="btn btn-success" value="Edit" />
}

@code
{
    [Parameter]
    public bool IsAdmin { get; set; }
}

<EditDeleteButton IsAdmin="true"></EditDeleteButton>

<div class="bg-light border p-2 col-5 offset-1">
    <h4 class="text-secondary">Room - @Room.Id</h4>

    @Room.Name<br />
    @Room.Price.ToString("c")<br />
    <input type="checkbox" @bind-value="Room.IsActive" checked="@(Room.IsActive?"checked":null)" /> &nbsp; Is Active<br />
    <span>This room is @(Room.IsActive?"Active": "InActive")</span>

    @if (Room.IsActive)
    {
        @foreach (var roomProp in Room.RoomProps)
        {
            <p>@roomProp.Name - @roomProp.Value</p>
        }
    }

    <EditDeleteButton IsAdmin="true"></EditDeleteButton>
</div>

@code
{
    [Parameter]
    public BlazorRoom Room { get; set; }
}

<div class="row container">
  @foreach (var room in Rooms)
  {
    <IndividualRoom Room="@room"></IndividualRoom>
  }
</div>

namespace BlazorServerSample.Models
{
    public class BlazorAmenity
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

@code{

    List<BlazorAmenity> AmenitiesList = new List<BlazorAmenity>();
    // ...

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        base.OnInitialized();

        // ...

        AmenitiesList.Add(new BlazorAmenity
        {
            Id = 111,
            Name = "Gym",
            Description = "24x7 gym room is available."
        });
        AmenitiesList.Add(new BlazorAmenity
        {
            Id = 222,
            Name = "Swimming Pool",
            Description = "Pool room is open from 6am to 10pm."
        });
        AmenitiesList.Add(new BlazorAmenity
        {
            Id = 333,
            Name = "Free Brakfast",
            Description = "Enjoy free breakfast at out hotel."
        });
    }
}

<div class="bg-light border p-2 col-5 offset-1 mt-2">
    <h4 class="text-secondary">Amenity - @Amenity.Id</h4>

    @Amenity.Name<br />
    @Amenity.Description<br />
</div>

@code
{
    [Parameter]
    public BlazorAmenity Amenity { get; set; }
}

<div class="col-12 mt-4">
    <h4 class="text-info">Hotel Amenities</h4>
</div>
@foreach (var amenity in AmenitiesList)
{
    <IndividualAmenity Amenity="@amenity"></IndividualAmenity>
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    
    <link href="~/Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="~/Content/themes/default/style.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jstree.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body dir="rtl">
    @RenderBody()
    
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

 right_to_left = $("body").css("direction") === "rtl";

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcJSTree.Models
{
    public class JsTreeNode
    {
        public string id { set; get; } // نام این خواص باید با مستندات هماهنگ باشد
        public string text { set; get; }
        public string icon { set; get; }
        public JsTreeNodeState state { set; get; }
        public List<JsTreeNode> children { set; get; }
        public JsTreeNodeLiAttributes li_attr { set; get; }
        public JsTreeNodeAAttributes a_attr { set; get; }

        public JsTreeNode()
        {
            state = new JsTreeNodeState();
            children = new List<JsTreeNode>();
            li_attr = new JsTreeNodeLiAttributes();
            a_attr = new JsTreeNodeAAttributes();
        }
    }

    public class JsTreeNodeAAttributes
    {
        // به هر تعداد و نام اختیاری می‌توان خاصیت تعریف کرد
        public string href { set; get; }
    }

    public class JsTreeNodeLiAttributes
    {
        // به هر تعداد و نام اختیاری می‌توان خاصیت تعریف کرد
        public string data { set; get; }
    }

    public class JsTreeNodeState
    {
        public bool opened { set; get; }
        public bool disabled { set; get; }
        public bool selected { set; get; }

        public JsTreeNodeState()
        {
            opened = true;
        }
    }
}

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult GetTreeJson()
        {
            var nodesList = new List<JsTreeNode>();

            var rootNode = new JsTreeNode
            {
                id = "dir",
                text = "Root 1",
                icon = Url.Content("~/Content/images/tree_icon.png"),
                a_attr = { href = "http://www.bing.com" }
            };
            nodesList.Add(rootNode);

            nodesList.Add(new JsTreeNode
            {
                id = "test1",
                text = "Root 2",
                icon = Url.Content("~/Content/images/tree_icon.png"),
                a_attr = { href = "http://www.bing.com" }
            });

            return Json(nodesList, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

 <div id="jstree">
</div>

            $('#jstree').jstree({
                "core": {
                    "multiple": false,
                    "check_callback": true,
                    'data': {
                        'url': '@getTreeJsonUrl',
                        "type": "POST",
                        "dataType": "json",
                        "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf8",
                        'data': function (node) {
                            return { 'id': node.id };
                        }
                    },
                    'themes': {
                        'variant': 'small',
                        'stripes': true
                    }
                },
                "types": {
                    "default": {
                        "icon": '@Url.Content("~/Content/images/bookmark_book_open.png")'
                    },
                },
                "plugins": ["contextmenu", "dnd", "state", "types", "wholerow", "sort", "unique"],
                "contextmenu": {
                    "items": function (o, cb) {
                        var items = $.jstree.defaults.contextmenu.items();
                        items["create"].label = "ایجاد زیر شاخه";
                        items["rename"].label = "تغییر نام";
                        items["remove"].label = "حذف";
                        var cpp = items["ccp"];
                        cpp.label = "ویرایش";
                        var subMenu = cpp["submenu"];
                        subMenu["copy"].label = "کپی";
                        subMenu["paste"].label = "پیست";
                        subMenu["cut"].label = "برش";
                        return items;
                    }
                }
            });

 @{
ViewBag.Title = "Demo";
var getTreeJsonUrl =  Url.Action(actionName: "GetTreeJson", controllerName: "Home");
}

            $('#jstree').jstree({
              // تمام تنظیمات مانند قبل
            }).on('delete_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('create_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('rename_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('move_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('copy_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('changed.jstree', function (e, data) {
                })
                .on('dblclick.jstree', function (e) {
                })
                .on('select_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                });

        function postJsTreeOperation(operation, data, onDone, onFail) {
            $.post('@doJsTreeOperationUrl',
                {
                    'operation': operation,
                    'id': data.node.id,
                    'parentId': data.node.parent,
                    'position': data.position,
                    'text': data.node.text,
                    'originalId': data.original ? data.original.id : data.node.original.id,
                    'href': data.node.a_attr.href
                })
                .done(function (result) {
                    onDone(result);
                })
                .fail(function (result) {
                    alert('failed.....');
                    onFail(result);
                });
        }

                .on('create_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                    postJsTreeOperation('CreateNode', data,
                        function (result) {
                            data.instance.set_id(data.node, result.id);
                        },
                        function (result) {
                            data.instance.refresh();
                        });
                })

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult DoJsTreeOperation(JsTreeOperationData data)
        {
            switch (data.Operation)
            {
                case JsTreeOperation.CopyNode:
                case JsTreeOperation.CreateNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    var rnd = new Random(); // آی دی رکورد پس از ثبت در بانک اطلاعاتی دریافت و بازگشت داده شود
                    return Json(new { id = rnd.Next() }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                case JsTreeOperation.DeleteNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                case JsTreeOperation.MoveNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                case JsTreeOperation.RenameNode:
                    //todo: save data
                    return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

                default:
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("{0} is not supported.", data.Operation));
            }
        }

namespace MvcJSTree.Models
{
    public enum JsTreeOperation
    {
        DeleteNode,
        CreateNode,
        RenameNode,
        MoveNode,
        CopyNode
    }

    public class JsTreeOperationData
    {
        public JsTreeOperation Operation { set; get; }
        public string Id { set; get; }
        public string ParentId { set; get; }
        public string OriginalId { set; get; }
        public string Text { set; get; }
        public string Position { set; get; }
        public string Href { set; get; }
    }
}

               var selectedData;
               // ...
                .on('dblclick.jstree', function (e) {
                    var href = selectedData.node.a_attr.href;
                    alert('selected node: ' + selectedData.node.text + ', href:' + href);

                    // auto redirect
                    if (href) {
                        window.location = href;
                    }

                    // activate edit mode
                    //var inst = $.jstree.reference(selectedData.node);
                    //inst.edit(selectedData.node);
                })
                .on('select_node.jstree', function (e, data) {
                    //alert('selected node: ' + data.node.text);
                    selectedData = data;
                });