• SQL Server Database Engine از کلمه کلیدی SPARSE برای تعریف یک ستون که مقادیر آن می‌بایست بهینه شود استفاده می‌نماید.
• نمای Catalog  جداول با ستون sparse شبیه جداول معمولی می‌باشد.
• مقدار برگشتی از تابع COLUMNS_UPDATED با ستون sparce متفاوت از ستون معمولی است.

• sparse column می‌ بایست nullable باشد و نمی‌تواند ROWGUIDCOL یا IDENTITY باشد. 
• sparse column مقدار پیش فرض نمی‌تواند داشته باشد 
• ستون محاسبه ای نمی‌تواند sparse باشد
• sparse column نمی‌تواند بخشی از clustered index یا  unique primary key index باشد
• sparse column  نمی تواند بخشی از  user-defined table باشد

sp_spaceused 'Employees'
GO
sp_spaceused 'Employees_sparse' 

namespace System
{
  public interface IProgress<in T>
  {
      void Report( T value );
  }
}

namespace System
{
  public class Progress<T> : IProgress<T>
  {
    public Progress();
    public Progress( Action<T> handler );
    protected virtual void OnReport( T value );
  }
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Async09
{
    public class TestProgress
    {
        public async Task DoProcessingReportProgress()
        {
            var progress = new Progress<int>(percent =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine(percent + "%");
            });

            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

            // call some where cts.Cancel();

            try
            {
                await doProcessing(progress, cts.Token);
            }
            catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
            {
                //todo: handle cancellations
                Console.WriteLine(ex);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Done!");
        }

        private static async Task doProcessing(IProgress<int> progress, CancellationToken ct)
        {
            await Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                for (var i = 0; i != 100; ++i)
                {
                    await Task.Delay(100, ct);
                    if (progress != null)
                        progress.Report(i);

                    ct.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                }
            }, ct);
        }
    }
}

// ایجاد یک پس زمینه رنگی:
var c = document.getElementById("c_canvas");
var cxt = c.getContext("2d");
var gradient = cxt.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 800, 320)
gradient.addColorStop(0, 'Red');
gradient.addColorStop(.5, 'Yellow');
gradient.addColorStop(1, 'Green');
cxt.fillStyle = gradient;
cxt.fillRect(0, 0, 800, 320);

cxt.save();
// این سه خط را فعال کرده تا انتقال نمودار چارت سازمانی را مشاهده نمائید.
//cxt.scale(-1.1, 1.1);
//cxt.translate(-700,-50);
//cxt.rotate(0.2);

var o = new orgChart();

o.addNode(1, '', '', 'Root node');
o.addNode(2, 1, 'u', 'u-node 1');
o.addNode(3, 1, 'u', 'u-node 2');
o.addNode(4, 1, 'u', 'u-node 3');
o.addNode(5, 1, 'l', 'l-node 1');
o.addNode(6, 1, 'l', 'l-node 2');
o.addNode(7, 1, 'r', 'r-node 1');
o.addNode(8, 1, 'r', 'r-node 2');
o.addNode(9, 1, 'r', 'r-node 3');

o.addNode('', '', '', 'Root 2');
o.addNode('', 'Root 2', 'r', 'using');
o.addNode('', 'Root 2', 'r', 'text as id');

o.drawChart('c_canvas', 'center');

cxt.restore();

public static void Write(int age, string name, string homeTown)

Write(age: 20, "User 1", homeTown: "Tehran");

Named argument specifications must appear after all fixed arguments have been specified.

Write(age: 20, name: "User 1", "T1");
Write(age: 21, "User 2", homeTown: "T2");
Write(age: 22, "User 3", "T3");
Write(23, name: "User 4", "T4");

• Workflow: یکی از مفاهیمی که باید با آن آشنا باشیم workflowها هستند. یک workflow مجموعه‌ایی از jobهایی هستند که در رخدادهای خاصی اجرا میشوند. در واقع یک workflow یک CI pipeline است که با کمک YAML آنها را تعریف میکنیم.
• Runner: اینها به اصطلاح compute machineهایی هستند که workflowها را اجرا میکنند. این runnerها هم میتوانند به صورت سفارشی باشند و هم سرویس‌های ارائه شده توسط GitHub باشند.
• Job: مجموعه‌ایی از مراحلی که درون یک runner workspace اجرا میشوند.
• Step: در نهایت stepها هستند که کوچکترین بخش GitHub Actions هستند. stepها میتوانند فایل اسکریپت، Dockerfile یا یک community action باشند.

> npm install bootstrap --save
> npm install ngx-bootstrap --save

  "apps": [
    {
      "styles": [
    "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css",
        "styles.css"
      ],

import { PaginationModule } from "ngx-bootstrap";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    PaginationModule.forRoot()
  ]

 >ng g m SimpleGrid -m app.module --routing

 >ng g c SimpleGrid/products-list

 >ng g cl SimpleGrid/app-product

export class AppProduct {
  constructor(
    public productId: number,
    public productName: string,
    public price: number,
    public isAvailable: boolean
  ) {}
}

 >ng g cl SimpleGrid/PagedQueryModel

export class PagedQueryModel {
  constructor(
    public sortBy: string,
    public isAscending: boolean,
    public page: number,
    public pageSize: number
  ) {}
}

 >ng g cl SimpleGrid/PagedQueryResult

export class PagedQueryResult<T> {
  constructor(public totalItems: number, public items: T[]) {}
}

 >ng g cl SimpleGrid/GridColumn

export class GridColumn {
  constructor(
    public title: string,
    public propertyName: string,
    public isSortable: boolean
  ) {}
}

 >ng g s SimpleGrid/products-list -m simple-grid.module

  toQueryString(obj: any): string {
    const parts = [];
    for (const key in obj) {
      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
        const value = obj[key];
        if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
          parts.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(value));
        }
      }
    }
    return parts.join("&");
  }

[HttpGet("[action]")]
public PagedQueryResult<Product> GetPagedProducts(ProductQueryViewModel queryModel)

 http://localhost:5000/api/Product/GetPagedProducts?sortBy=productId&isAscending=true&page=2&pageSize=7

@Injectable()
export class ProductsListService {
  private baseUrl = "api/Product";

  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  getPagedProductsList(
    queryModel: PagedQueryModel
  ): Observable<PagedQueryResult<AppProduct>> {
    return this.http
      .get(`${this.baseUrl}/GetPagedProducts?${this.toQueryString(queryModel)}`)
      .map(res => {
        const result = res.json();
        return new PagedQueryResult<AppProduct>(
          result.totalItems,
          result.items
        );
      });
  }

  <table class="table table-striped table-hover table-bordered table-condensed">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th class="text-center" style="width:3%">#</th>
        <th *ngFor="let column of columns" class="text-center">
          <div *ngIf="column.isSortable" (click)="sortBy(column.propertyName)" style="cursor: pointer">
            {{ column.title }}
            <i *ngIf="queryModel.sortBy === column.propertyName" class="glyphicon"
              [class.glyphicon-sort-by-order]="queryModel.isAscending" [class.glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt]="!queryModel.isAscending"></i>
          </div>
          <div *ngIf="!column.isSortable" style="cursor: pointer">
            {{ column.title }}
          </div>
        </th>
      </tr>
    </thead>

export class ProductsListComponent implements OnInit {
  columns: GridColumn[] = [
    new GridColumn("Id", "productId", true),
    new GridColumn("Name", "productName", true),
    new GridColumn("Price", "price", true),
    new GridColumn("Available", "isAvailable", true)
  ];

export class ProductsListComponent implements OnInit {
  itemsPerPage = 7;
  queryModel = new PagedQueryModel("productId", true, 1, this.itemsPerPage);

  sortBy(columnName) {
    if (this.queryModel.sortBy === columnName) {
      this.queryModel.isAscending = !this.queryModel.isAscending;
    } else {
      this.queryModel.sortBy = columnName;
      this.queryModel.isAscending = true;
    }
    this.getPagedProductsList();
  }
}

    <tbody>
      <tr *ngFor="let item of queryResult.items; let i = index">
        <td class="text-center">{{ itemsPerPage * (currentPage - 1) + i + 1 }}</td>
        <td class="text-center">{{ item.productId }}</td>
        <td class="text-center">{{ item.productName }}</td>
        <td class="text-center">{{ item.price | number:'.0' }}</td>
        <td class="text-center">
          <input id="item-{{ item.productId }}" type="checkbox" [checked]="item.isAvailable"
            disabled="disabled" />
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

export class ProductsListComponent implements OnInit {
  itemsPerPage = 7;
  currentPage: number;
  numberOfPages: number;
  isLoading = false;
  queryModel = new PagedQueryModel("productId", true, 1, this.itemsPerPage);
  queryResult = new PagedQueryResult<AppProduct>(0, []);

  constructor(private productsListService: ProductsListService) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.getPagedProductsList();
  }

  private getPagedProductsList() {
    this.isLoading = true;
    this.productsListService
      .getPagedProductsList(this.queryModel)
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.queryResult = result;
        this.isLoading = false;
      });
  }
}

  <div align="center">
    <pagination [maxSize]="8" [boundaryLinks]="true" [totalItems]="queryResult.totalItems"
      [rotate]="false" previousText="&lsaquo;" nextText="&rsaquo;" firstText="&laquo;"
      lastText="&raquo;" (numPages)="numberOfPages = $event" [(ngModel)]="currentPage"
      (pageChanged)="onPageChange($event)"></pagination>
  </div>
  <pre class="card card-block card-header">Page: {{currentPage}} / {{numberOfPages}}</pre>

export class ProductsListComponent implements OnInit {
  itemsPerPage = 7;
  currentPage: number;
  numberOfPages: number;

  onPageChange(event: any) {
    this.queryModel.page = event.page;
    this.getPagedProductsList();
  }
}

> create-react-app sample-15
> cd sample-15
> npm start

> npm install --save bootstrap

import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css";

> npm i react-router-dom --save

import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";

ReactDOM.render(
  <BrowserRouter>
    <App />
  </BrowserRouter>,
  document.getElementById("root")
);

import React from "react";

const NavBar = () => {
  return (
    <nav className="navbar bg-dark navbar-dark navbar-expand-sm">
      <div className="navbar-nav">
        <a className="nav-item nav-link" href="/">
          Home
        </a>
        <a className="nav-item nav-link" href="/products">
          Products
        </a>
        <a className="nav-item nav-link" href="/posts/2018/06">
          Posts
        </a>
        <a className="nav-item nav-link" href="/admin">
          Admin
        </a>
      </div>
    </nav>
  );
};

export default NavBar;

import "./App.css";

import React, { Component } from "react";

import NavBar from "./components/navbar";

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <NavBar />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

import "./App.css";

import React, { Component } from "react";
import { Route } from "react-router-dom";

import Dashboard from "./components/admin/dashboard";
import Home from "./components/home";
import NavBar from "./components/navbar";
import Posts from "./components/posts";
import Products from "./components/products";

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <NavBar />
        <div className="container">
          <Route path="/products" component={Products} />
          <Route path="/posts" component={Posts} />
          <Route path="/admin" component={Dashboard} />
          <Route path="/" component={Home} />
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

import React from "react";

const Home = () => {
  return <h1>Home</h1>;
};

export default Home;

import React from "react";

const Posts = () => {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Posts</h1>
      Year: , Month:
    </div>
  );
};

export default Posts;

import React from "react";

const Dashboard = ({ match }) => {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Admin Dashboard</h1>
    </div>
  );
};

export default Dashboard;

<div className="container">
  <Route path="/products" component={Products} />
  <Route path="/posts" component={Posts} />
  <Route path="/admin" component={Dashboard} />
  <Route path="/" component={Home} />
</div>

<Route path="/" exact component={Home} />

import { Route, Switch } from "react-router-dom";

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <NavBar />
        <div className="container">
          <Switch>
            <Route path="/products" component={Products} />
            <Route path="/posts" component={Posts} />
            <Route path="/admin" component={Dashboard} />
            <Route path="/"  component={Home} />
          </Switch>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

import React from "react";
import { Link } from "react-router-dom";

const NavBar = () => {
  return (
    <nav className="navbar bg-dark navbar-dark navbar-expand-sm">
      <div className="navbar-nav">
        <Link className="nav-item nav-link" to="/">
          Home
        </Link>
        <Link className="nav-item nav-link" to="/products">
          Products
        </Link>
        <Link className="nav-item nav-link" to="/posts/2018/06">
          Posts
        </Link>
        <Link className="nav-item nav-link" to="/admin">
          Admin
        </Link>
      </div>
    </nav>
  );
};

export default NavBar;

<Route
  path="/products"
  render={() => <Products param1="123" param2="456" />}
/>

<Route
  path="/products"
  render={props => (
    <Products param1="123" param2="456" {...props} />
  )}
/>

 TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory);

var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, string>();
 
var value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 1");
Console.WriteLine(value);
 
value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 2");
Console.WriteLine(value);

item 1
item 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, int>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                });
            });

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 13

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, Lazy<int>>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k => new Lazy<int>(() =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                }));
            });

            // Access the dictionary values to create lazy values.
            foreach (var pair in dictionary)
                Console.WriteLine(pair.Value.Value);

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 10

    public class LazyConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>
    {
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>> _concurrentDictionary;
        public LazyConcurrentDictionary()
        {
            _concurrentDictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>>();
        }

        public TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory)
        {
            var lazyResult = _concurrentDictionary.GetOrAdd(key,
             k => new Lazy<TValue>(() => valueFactory(k), LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication));
            return lazyResult.Value;
        }
    }