[DllImport(
   "nativelib",
   EntryPoint = "to_lower",
   CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
internal static extern string ToLower(string str);

// string lower = ToLower("StringToConvert");

[LibraryImport(
   "nativelib",
   EntryPoint = "to_lower",
   StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf16)]
internal static partial string ToLower(string str);

dotnet_diagnostic.SYSLIB1054.severity = suggestion

Stack

این ساختمان داده، داخل Memory پیاده سازی شده است و تعدادی از متغیرهایی را که ما داخل کد ایجاد میکنیم، در این نوع ساختمان داده از Memory نگهداری میشوند.

شرط قرار گرفتن مقدار یک متغیر داخل Stack این است که متغیر از نوع Value Type باشد. در زبان #C، بطور کلی Struct و Enum‌ها Value Type هستند و بصورت پیشفرض داخل Stack قرار میگیرند. تمامی ValueType‌ها در #C، بطور implicit از System.ValueType ارث بری میکنند.

Type‌های زیر، Value Type‌های پیشفرض تعریف شده‌ی در زبان #C هستند که به آن‌ها Simple Type نیز گفته میشوند:

Heap

public static void SayHi()
{
    string name = "Moien";
}

.method private hidebysig static void SayHi() cil managed
{
  .locals init (string V_0)

  IL_0001:  ldstr      "Moien" // Stack is: [memory-address of string in heap]
  IL_0006:  stloc.0
  
  IL_0007:  ret
}

Boxing and Unboxing

public static void Boxing()
{
    const int number = 5;
    
    object boxedNumber = number;          // implicit boxing using implicit cast
    object boxedNumber = (object)number;  // explicit boxing using direct cast
}

.method public hidebysig static void Boxing() cil managed
{
  .locals init (object V_0)
  
  IL_0001:  ldc.i4.5                                // Stack is: [5]
  IL_0002:  box        [System.Runtime]System.Int32 // Stack is: [memory-address of 5 in heap]
  
  IL_0007:  stloc.0
  IL_0008:  ret
}

public static void Unboxing()
{
    object boxedNumber = 5;
    
    int number = (int)boxedNumber;
}

.method public hidebysig static void Unboxing() cil managed
{
  .locals init (object V_0, int32 V_1)
  
  IL_0001:  ldc.i4.5                                  // Stack is: [5]
  IL_0002:  box        [System.Runtime]System.Int32   // Stack is: [memory-address of 5 in heap]
  IL_0007:  stloc.0                                   // Stack is: []
                                                      
  IL_0008:  ldloc.0                                   // Stack is: [memory-address of 5 in heap]
  IL_0009:  unbox.any  [System.Runtime]System.Int32   // Stack is: [5]
  IL_000e:  stloc.1                                   // Stack is: []
  
  IL_000f:  ret
}

 public class SendEmailsTask : ScheduledTaskTemplate

using System;

namespace DNTScheduler.TestWebApplication.WebTasks
{
    public class SendEmailsTask : ScheduledTaskTemplate
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// اگر چند جاب در یک زمان مشخص داشتید، این خاصیت ترتیب اجرای آن‌ها را مشخص خواهد کرد
        /// </summary>
        public override int Order
        {
            get { return 1; }
        }

        public override bool RunAt(DateTime utcNow)
        {
            if (this.IsShuttingDown || this.Pause)
                return false;

            var now = utcNow.AddHours(3.5);
            return now.Minute % 2 == 0 && now.Second == 1;
        }

        public override void Run()
        {
            if (this.IsShuttingDown || this.Pause)
                return;

            System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine("Running Send Emails");
        }

        public override string Name
        {
            get { return "ارسال ایمیل"; }
        }
    }
}

        public override bool RunAt(DateTime utcNow)
        {
            if (this.IsShuttingDown || this.Pause)
                return false;

            var now = utcNow.AddHours(3.5);
            return now.Hour == 23 && now.Minute == 33 && now.Second == 1;
        }

using System;
using System.Net;

namespace DNTScheduler.TestWebApplication.WebTasks
{
    public static class ScheduledTasksRegistry
    {
        public static void Init()
        {
            ScheduledTasksCoordinator.Current.AddScheduledTasks(
                new SendEmailsTask(),
                new DoBackupTask());

            ScheduledTasksCoordinator.Current.OnUnexpectedException = (exception, scheduledTask) =>
            {
                //todo: log the exception.
                System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine(scheduledTask.Name + ":" + exception.Message);
            };

            ScheduledTasksCoordinator.Current.Start();
        }

        public static void End()
        {
            ScheduledTasksCoordinator.Current.Dispose();
        }

        public static void WakeUp(string pageUrl)
        {
            try
            {
                using (var client = new WebClient())
                {
                    client.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultNetworkCredentials;
                    client.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "ScheduledTasks 1.0");
                    client.DownloadData(pageUrl);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                //todo: log ex
                System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using DNTScheduler.TestWebApplication.WebTasks;

namespace DNTScheduler.TestWebApplication
{
    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ScheduledTasksRegistry.Init();
        }

        protected void Application_End()
        {
            ScheduledTasksRegistry.End();
            //نکته مهم این روش نیاز به سرویس پینگ سایت برای زنده نگه داشتن آن است
            ScheduledTasksRegistry.WakeUp(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["SiteRootUrl"]);
        }
    }
}

 <?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
  <appSettings>
      <add key="SiteRootUrl" value="http://localhost:10189/Default.aspx" />
  </appSettings>
</configuration>

var jobsList = ScheduledTasksCoordinator.Current.ScheduledTasks.Select(x => new
{
   TaskName = x.Name,
   LastRunTime = x.LastRun,
   LastRunWasSuccessful = x.IsLastRunSuccessful,
   IsPaused = x.Pause,
}).ToList();

public class UserModel
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
 
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "(*)")]
    [Display(Name = "نام")]
    [StringLength(maximumLength: 10, MinimumLength = 3, ErrorMessage = "نام باید حداقل 3 و حداکثر 10 حرف باشد")]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
 
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "(*)")]
    [Display(Name = "نام خانوادگی")]
    [StringLength(maximumLength: 10, MinimumLength = 3, ErrorMessage = "نام خانوادگی باید حداقل 3 و حداکثر 10 حرف باشد")]
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

public class UserViewModel
{
      public string FirstName { get; set; }
      public string LastName { get; set; }
}

public class MappedMetadataProvider : DataAnnotationsModelMetadataProvider
{
    private readonly IConfigurationProvider _mapper;
 
    public MappedMetadataProvider(IConfigurationProvider mapper)
    {
        _mapper = mapper;
    }
 
    protected override ModelMetadata CreateMetadata(
        IEnumerable<Attribute> attributes,
        Type containerType,
        Func<object> modelAccessor,
        Type modelType,
        string propertyName)
    {
        var mappedAttributes =
            containerType == null ?
            attributes :
            _mapper.GetMappedAttributes(containerType, propertyName, attributes.ToList());
        return base.CreateMetadata(mappedAttributes, containerType, modelAccessor, modelType, propertyName);
    }
}

public class MappedValidatorProvider : DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider
{
    private readonly IConfigurationProvider _mapper;
 
    public MappedValidatorProvider(IConfigurationProvider mapper)
    {
        _mapper = mapper;
    }
 
    protected override IEnumerable<ModelValidator> GetValidators(
        ModelMetadata metadata,
        ControllerContext context,
        IEnumerable<Attribute> attributes)
    {
 
        var mappedAttributes =
            metadata.ContainerType == null ?
            attributes :
            _mapper.GetMappedAttributes(metadata.ContainerType, metadata.PropertyName, attributes.ToList());
        return base.GetValidators(metadata, context, mappedAttributes);
    }
}

public static class AutoMapperExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<Attribute> GetMappedAttributes(
        this IConfigurationProvider mapper,
        Type viewModelType,
        string viewModelPropertyName,
        IList<Attribute> existingAttributes)
    {
        if (viewModelType != null)
        {
            foreach (var typeMap in mapper.GetAllTypeMaps().Where(i => i.DestinationType == viewModelType))
            {
                var propertyMaps = typeMap.GetPropertyMaps()
                    .Where(propertyMap => !propertyMap.IsIgnored() && propertyMap.SourceMember != null)
                    .Where(propertyMap => propertyMap.DestinationProperty.Name == viewModelPropertyName);
 
                foreach (var propertyMap in propertyMaps)
                {
                    foreach (Attribute attribute in propertyMap.SourceMember.GetCustomAttributes(true))
                    {
                        if (existingAttributes.All(i => i.GetType() != attribute.GetType()))
                        {
                            yield return attribute;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        if (existingAttributes == null)
        {
            yield break;
        }
 
        foreach (var attribute in existingAttributes)
        {
            yield return attribute;
        }
    }
}

protected void Application_Start()
{
    AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
    WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
    FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
    RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); 
 
    Mappings.RegisterMappings();
    ModelMetadataProviders.Current = new MappedMetadataProvider(Mapper.Engine.ConfigurationProvider);
 
    var modelValidatorProvider = ModelValidatorProviders.Providers
        .Single(provider => provider is DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider);
    ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Remove(modelValidatorProvider);
    ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Add(new MappedValidatorProvider(Mapper.Engine.ConfigurationProvider));
}

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        var model = new UserModel { FirstName = "و", Id = 1, LastName = "ن" };
        var viewModel = Mapper.Map<UserViewModel>(model);
        return View(viewModel);
    }
 
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Index(UserViewModel data)
    {
        return View(data);
    }
}

@model Sample12.ViewModels.UserViewModel
 
@using (Html.BeginForm("Index", "Home", FormMethod.Post, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-horizontal", role = "form" }))
{
    <div class="row">
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(d => d.FirstName, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.TextBoxFor(d => d.FirstName)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(d => d.FirstName)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(d => d.LastName, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.TextBoxFor(d => d.LastName)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(d => d.LastName)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="ارسال" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}

enable-migrations
add-migration Initial -IgnoreChanges
update-database

using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations.Design;

namespace EFTests
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Using Entity Framework Code First with an existing database.
    /// </summary>
    public static class CreateMigrationHistory
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new '__MigrationHistory' table.
        /// Enables migrations using Entity Framework Code First on an existing database.
        /// </summary>        
        public static void UpdateDatabase(DbMigrationsConfiguration configuration)
        {            
            var scaffolder = new MigrationScaffolder(configuration);
            // Creates an empty migration, so that the future migrations will start from the current state of your database.
            var scaffoldedMigration = scaffolder.Scaffold("IgnoreChanges", ignoreChanges: true);

            // enable-migrations
            // add-migration Initial -IgnoreChanges
            configuration.MigrationsAssembly = new MigrationCompiler(ProgrammingLanguage.CSharp.ToString())
                                                .Compile(configuration.MigrationsNamespace, scaffoldedMigration);

            // update-database  
            var dbMigrator = new DbMigrator(configuration);            
            dbMigrator.Update();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations.Design;
using System.Data.Entity.Spatial;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Resources;
using System.Text;

namespace EF_General.Models.Ex22
{
    public enum ProgrammingLanguage
    {
        CSharp,
        VB
    }

    public class MigrationCompiler
    {
        private readonly CodeDomProvider _codeProvider;

        public MigrationCompiler(string language)
        {
            _codeProvider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider(language);
        }

        public Assembly Compile(string @namespace, params ScaffoldedMigration[] scaffoldedMigrations)
        {
            var options = new CompilerParameters
            {
                GenerateExecutable = false,
                GenerateInMemory = true
            };

            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(string).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(Expression).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbMigrator).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbContext).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbConnection).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(Component).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(MigrationCompiler).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbGeography).Assembly.Location);

            var embededResources = GenerateEmbeddedResources(scaffoldedMigrations, @namespace);
            foreach (var resource in embededResources)
                options.EmbeddedResources.Add(resource);

            var sources = scaffoldedMigrations.SelectMany(g => new[] { g.UserCode, g.DesignerCode });

            var compilerResults = _codeProvider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(options, sources.ToArray());
            foreach (var resource in embededResources)
                File.Delete(resource);

            if (compilerResults.Errors.Count > 0)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(BuildCompileErrorMessage(compilerResults.Errors));
            }

            return compilerResults.CompiledAssembly;
        }

        private static string BuildCompileErrorMessage(CompilerErrorCollection errors)
        {
            var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

            foreach (CompilerError error in errors)
            {
                stringBuilder.AppendLine(error.ToString());
            }

            return stringBuilder.ToString();
        }

        private static IEnumerable<string> GenerateEmbeddedResources(IEnumerable<ScaffoldedMigration> scaffoldedMigrations, string @namespace)
        {
            foreach (var scaffoldedMigration in scaffoldedMigrations)
            {
                var className = GetClassName(scaffoldedMigration.MigrationId);
                var embededResource = Path.Combine(
                    Path.GetTempPath(),
                    @namespace + "." + className + ".resources");

                using (var writer = new ResourceWriter(embededResource))
                {
                    foreach (var resource in scaffoldedMigration.Resources)
                        writer.AddResource(resource.Key, resource.Value);
                }

                yield return embededResource;
            }
        }

        private static string GetClassName(string migrationId)
        {
            return migrationId
                .Split(new[] { '_' }, 2)
                .Last()
                .Replace(" ", string.Empty);
        }
    }
}

 CreateMigrationHistory.UpdateDatabase(new Configuration());

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }
    }

 FeedResult(string feedTitle, IList<FeedItem> rssItems, string language = "fa-IR")

using System;

namespace MvcRssHelper
{
    public class FeedItem
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string AuthorName { set; get; }
        public string Content { set; get; }
        public string Url { set; get; }
        public DateTime LastUpdatedTime { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;

namespace MvcRssApplication.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string AuthorName { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
        public DateTime Date { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using MvcRssApplication.Models;

namespace MvcRssApplication.DataSource
{
    public static class BlogItems
    {
        public static IList<Post> GetLastBlogPostsList()
        {
            var results = new List<Post>();
            for (int i = 1; i < 21; i++)
            {
                results.Add(new Post
                {
                     AuthorName = "شخص " + i,
                     Body = "مطلب " + i,
                     Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-i),
                     Id = i,
                     Title = "عنوان "+i
                });
            }
            return results;
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcRssApplication.DataSource;
using MvcRssApplication.Models;
using MvcRssHelper;

namespace MvcRssApplication.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        const int Min15 = 900;

        [OutputCache(Duration = Min15)]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var list = BlogItems.GetLastBlogPostsList();
            var feedItemsList = mapPostsToFeedItems(list);
            return new FeedResult("فید مطالب سایت ما", feedItemsList);
        }

        private List<FeedItem> mapPostsToFeedItems(IList<Post> list)
        {
            var feedItemsList = new List<FeedItem>();
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                feedItemsList.Add(new FeedItem
                {
                    AuthorName = item.AuthorName,
                    Content = item.Body,
                    LastUpdatedTime = item.Date,
                    Title = item.Title,
                    //این آدرس باید مطلق باشد به نحو زیر
                    Url = this.Url.Action(actionName: "Details", controllerName: "Post", routeValues: new { id = item.Id }, protocol: "http")
                });
            }
            return feedItemsList;
        }
    }
}