<form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit(f.form)">
    <div class="panel panel-default">
        <div class="panel-heading">
            <h3 class="panel-title">
                Add Product
            </h3>
        </div>
        <div class="panel-body form-horizontal">
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="productName" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Name</label>
                <div class="controls col col-md-10">
                    <input ngControl="productName" id="productName" required
                           #productName="ngForm"
                           (change)="log(productName)"
                           minlength="3"
                           type="text" class="form-control"
                           [(ngModel)]="productModel.productName"/>
                    <div *ngIf="productName.touched && productName.errors">
                        <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="productName.errors.required">
                            Name is required.
                        </label>
                        <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="productName.errors.minlength">
                            Name should be minimum {{ productName.errors.minlength.requiredLength }} characters.
                        </label>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="productCode" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Code</label>
                <div class="controls col col-md-10">
                    <input ngControl="productCode" id="productCode" required
                           #productCode="ngForm"
                           type="text" class="form-control"
                           [(ngModel)]="productModel.productCode"/>
                    <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="productCode.touched && !productCode.valid">
                        Code is required.
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="releaseDate" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Release Date</label>
                <div class="controls col col-md-10">
                    <input ngControl="releaseDate" id="releaseDate" required
                           #releaseDate="ngForm"
                           type="text" class="form-control"
                           [(ngModel)]="productModel.releaseDate"/>
                    <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="releaseDate.touched && !releaseDate.valid">
                        Release Date is required.
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="price" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Price</label>
                <div class="controls col col-md-10">
                    <input ngControl="price" id="price" required
                           #price="ngForm"
                           type="text" class="form-control"
                           [(ngModel)]="productModel.price"/>
                    <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="price.touched && !price.valid">
                        Price is required.
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="description" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Description</label>
                <div class="controls col col-md-10">
                    <textarea ngControl="description" id="description" required
                              #description="ngForm"
                              rows="10" type="text" class="form-control"
                              [(ngModel)]="productModel.description"></textarea>
                    <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="description.touched && !description.valid">
                        Description is required.
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="imageUrl" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Image</label>
                <div class="controls col col-md-10">
                    <input ngControl="imageUrl" id="imageUrl" required
                           #imageUrl="ngForm"
                           type="text" class="form-control"
                           [(ngModel)]="productModel.imageUrl"/>
                    <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="imageUrl.touched && !imageUrl.valid">
                        Image is required.
                    </label>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <footer class="panel-footer">
            <button [disabled]="!f.valid"
                    type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
                Submit
            </button>
        </footer>
    </div>
</form>

import { Component } from 'angular2/core';
import { Router } from 'angular2/router';
import { IProduct } from './product';
import { ProductService } from './product.service';
 
@Component({
    //selector: 'product-form',
    templateUrl: 'app/products/product-form.component.html'
})
export class ProductFormComponent {
 
    productModel = <IProduct>{}; // creates an empty object of an interface
 
    constructor(private _productService: ProductService, private _router: Router) { }
 
    log(productName): void {
        console.log(productName);
    }
 
    onSubmit(form): void {
        console.log(form);
        console.log(this.productModel);
 
        this._productService.addProduct(this.productModel)
            .subscribe((product: IProduct) => {
                console.log(`ID: ${product.productId}`);
                this._router.navigate(['Products']);
            });
    }
}

<div class="form-group">
    <label for="description" class="col col-md-2 control-label">Description</label>
    <div class="controls col col-md-10">
        <textarea ngControl="description" id="description" required
                  #description="ngForm"
                  rows="10" type="text" class="form-control"
                  [(ngModel)]="productModel.description"></textarea>
        <label class="text-danger" *ngIf="description.touched && !description.valid">
            Description is required.
        </label>
    </div>
</div>

<input ngControl="productName" id="productName" required
       #productName="ngForm"
       (change)="log(productName)"
       minlength="3"
       type="text" class="form-control"
       [(ngModel)]="productModel.productName"/>

<textarea ngControl="description" id="description" required
          #description="ngForm"
          rows="10" type="text" class="form-control"></textarea>
<div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="description.touched && !description.valid">
    Description is required.
</div>

.ng-touched.ng-invalid{
    border: 1px solid red;
}

<div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="productName.touched && !productName.valid">
   Name is required.
</div>

<div *ngIf="productName.touched && productName.errors">
    <div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="productName.errors.required">
        Name is required.
    </div>
    <div class="alert alert-danger" *ngIf="productName.errors.minlength">
        Name should be minimum 3 characters.
    </div>
</div>

 <div *ngIf="productName.touched && productName.errors">
  {{ productName.errors | json }}

 Name should be minimum {{ productName.errors.minlength.requiredLength }} characters.

 <form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit(f.form)">

onSubmit(form): void {
   console.log(form);
}

<button [disabled]="!f.valid"
        type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
    Submit
</button>

//same as before...
import { ProductFormComponent }  from './products/product-form.component';
 
@Component({
    //same as before…
    template: `
                //same as before…
                    <li><a [routerLink]="['AddProduct']">Add Product</a></li>
               //same as before…
    `,
    //same as before…
})
@RouteConfig([
    //same as before…
    { path: '/addproduct', name: 'AddProduct', component: ProductFormComponent }
])
//same as before...

 productModel = <IProduct>{}; // creates an empty object of an interface

<textarea ngControl="description" id="description" required
          #description="ngForm"
          rows="10" type="text" class="form-control"
          [(ngModel)]="productModel.description"></textarea>

addProduct(product: IProduct): Observable<IProduct> {
    let headers = new Headers({ 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }); // for ASP.NET MVC
        let options = new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });
 
    return this._http.post(this._addProductUrl, JSON.stringify(product), options)
        .map((response: Response) => <IProduct>response.json())
        .do(data => console.log("Product: " + JSON.stringify(data)))
        .catch(this.handleError);
}

 [HttpPost]
public ActionResult AddProduct(Product product)
{

 import { Headers, RequestOptions } from 'angular2/http';

//Same as before…
import { IProduct } from './product';
import { ProductService } from './product.service';
 
@Component({
//Same as before…
})
export class ProductFormComponent {
 
    productModel = <IProduct>{}; // creates an empty object of an interface
 
    constructor(private _productService: ProductService, private _router: Router) { }
 
    //Same as before… 

    onSubmit(form): void {
        console.log(form);
        console.log(this.productModel);
 
        this._productService.addProduct(this.productModel)
            .subscribe((product: IProduct) => {
                console.log(`ID: ${product.productId}`);
                this._router.navigate(['Products']);
            });
    }
}

interface Duck {
    walk: () => void;
    swim: () => void;
    quack: () => void;
}

let probablyADuck = {
    walk: () => console.log('walking like a duck'),
    swim: () => console.log('swimming like a duck'),
    quack: () => console.log('quacking like a duck')
}

function FlyOverWater(bird: Duck) { }

FlyOverWater(probablyADuck); // works!

interface Book {
    id: number;
    title: string;
    author: string;
    pages?: number;
    markDamaged: (reason: string) => void;
}

function CreateCustomerID(name: string, id: number): string {
    return name + id;
}

 let IdGenerator: (chars: string, nums: number) => string;

IdGenerator = CreateCustomerID;

interface StringGenerator {
     (chars: string, nums: number): string;
}

 let IdGenerator: StringGenerator;

interface LibraryResource {
   catalogNumber: number;
}

interface LibraryBook {
   title: string;
}

interface Encyclopedia extends LibraryResource, LibraryBook {
   volume: number;
}

let refBook: Encyclopedia = {
   catalogNumber: 1234,
   title: 'The Book of Everything',
   volume: 1
}

interface Librarian {
   doWork: () => void;
}

class ElementarySchoolLibrarian implements Librarian {
   doWork() {
     console.log('Reading to and teaching children...');
   }
}

 let kidsLibrarian: Librarian = new ElementarySchoolLibrarian();
kidsLibrarian.doWork();

 private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set
            {
                _name = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Name");
            }
        }
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        private void OnPropertyChanged(string property)
        {
            if (PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property));
            }
        }

  public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private Person person;
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            person = Person.GetPerson();
            DataContext = person;

        }

        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            person.Name = "Leonardo Decaperio";
        }  
    }

 private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set
            {
                _name = value;
                OnPropertyChanged();
            }
        } 

  private void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string property="")
        {
            if (PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property));
            }
        }

OnPropertyChanged();

• SQL Server Database Engine از کلمه کلیدی SPARSE برای تعریف یک ستون که مقادیر آن می‌بایست بهینه شود استفاده می‌نماید.
• نمای Catalog  جداول با ستون sparse شبیه جداول معمولی می‌باشد.
• مقدار برگشتی از تابع COLUMNS_UPDATED با ستون sparce متفاوت از ستون معمولی است.

• sparse column می‌ بایست nullable باشد و نمی‌تواند ROWGUIDCOL یا IDENTITY باشد. 
• sparse column مقدار پیش فرض نمی‌تواند داشته باشد 
• ستون محاسبه ای نمی‌تواند sparse باشد
• sparse column نمی‌تواند بخشی از clustered index یا  unique primary key index باشد
• sparse column  نمی تواند بخشی از  user-defined table باشد

sp_spaceused 'Employees'
GO
sp_spaceused 'Employees_sparse' 

 [MapFrom(typeof (Student), ignoreAllNonExistingProperty: true, alsoCopyMetadata: true)]
 public class AdminStudentViewModel
 {
     // [IgnoreMap]
     public int Id { set; get; }

     [MapForMember("Name")]
     public string FirstName { set; get; }

     [MapForMember("Family")]
     public string LastName { set; get; }

     public string Email { set; get; }

     [MapForMember("RegisterDateTime")]
     public string RegisterDateTimePersian { set; get; }

     [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookCountValueResolver))]
     public int BookCounts { set; get; }

     [UseValueResolver(typeof (BookPriceValueResolver))]
     public decimal BookPrice { set; get; }
 };

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class MapFromAttribute : Attribute
{
    public Type SourceType { get; private set; }
    public bool IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty { get; private set; }
    public bool AlsoCopyMetadata { get; private set; }    //Go to: https://www.dntips.ir/courses/topic/16/cb36bc2e-4263-431e-86a5-236322cb5576

    public MapFromAttribute(Type sourceType, bool ignoreAllNonExistingProperty = false,
        bool alsoCopyMetadata = false)
    {
        SourceType = sourceType;
        IgnoreAllNonExistingProperty = ignoreAllNonExistingProperty;
        AlsoCopyMetadata = alsoCopyMetadata;
    }
};

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
public class IgnoreMapAttribute : Attribute {};

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
public class MapForMemberAttribute : Attribute
{
    public string MemberToMap { get; private set; }
    public MapForMemberAttribute(string memberToMap)
    {
        MemberToMap = memberToMap;
    }
};

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
public class UseValueResolverAttribute : Attribute
{
    public IValueResolver ValueResolver { get; private set; }
    public UseValueResolverAttribute(Type valueResolver)
    {
        ValueResolver = valueResolver.GetConstructors()[0].Invoke(new object[] {}) as IValueResolver;
    }
};