public static class WebApiConfig
{
    public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
    {
        // Web API configuration and services

        // Web API routes
        config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
    }
}

public class VideoStream
{
    private readonly string _filename;
    private long _contentLength;

    public long FileLength
    {
        get { return _contentLength; }
    }

    public VideoStream(string videoPath)
    {
        _filename = videoPath;
        using (var video = File.Open(_filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))
        {
            _contentLength = video.Length;
        }
    }

    public async void WriteToStream(Stream outputStream,
        HttpContent content, TransportContext context)
    {
        try
        {
            var buffer = new byte[65536];

            using (var video = File.Open(_filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))
            {
                var length = (int)video.Length;
                var bytesRead = 1;

                while (length > 0 && bytesRead > 0)
                {
                    bytesRead = video.Read(buffer, 0, Math.Min(length, buffer.Length));
                    await outputStream.WriteAsync(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                    length -= bytesRead;
                }
            }
        }
        catch (HttpException)
        {
            return;
        }
        finally
        {
            outputStream.Close();
        }
    }
}

while (length > 0 && bytesRead > 0)
{
    bytesRead = video.Read(buffer, 0, Math.Min(length, buffer.Length));
    await outputStream.WriteAsync(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
    length -= bytesRead;
}

public class VideoController : ApiController
{
    [Route("api/video/{ext}/{fileName}")]
    public HttpResponseMessage Get(string ext, string fileName)
    {
        string videoPath = HostingEnvironment.MapPath(string.Format("~/Videos/{0}.{1}", fileName, ext));
        if (File.Exists(videoPath))
        {
            FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(videoPath);
            var video = new VideoStream(videoPath);

            var response = Request.CreateResponse();

            response.Content = new PushStreamContent((Action<Stream, HttpContent, TransportContext>)video.WriteToStream,
                new MediaTypeHeaderValue("video/" + ext));

            response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fi.Name.Replace(" ", ""));
            response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-Length", video.FileLength.ToString());

            return response;
        }
        else
        {
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
        }
    }
}

[Route("api/video/{ext}/{fileName}")]

api/video/mp4/sample

string videoPath = HostingEnvironment.MapPath(string.Format("~/Videos/{0}.{1}", fileName, ext));

var video = new VideoStream(videoPath);

var response = Request.CreateResponse();

response.Content = new PushStreamContent((Action<Stream, HttpContent, TransportContext>)video.WriteToStream, new MediaTypeHeaderValue("video/" + ext));

response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-Length", video.FileLength.ToString());

if(File.Exists(videoPath))
{
    // removed for bravity
}
else
{
    return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
}

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    // GET: Home
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }
}

<div>
    <div>
        <video width="480" height="270" controls="controls" preload="auto">
            <source src="/api/video/mp4/sample" type="video/mp4" />
            Your browser does not support the video tag.
        </video>
    </div>
</div>

Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 provider --> Excel 97-2003 format (.xls)
Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0 provider --> Excel 2007+ format (.xlsx)

PM> Install-Package ExcelDataReader
PM> Install-Package ExcelDataReader.DataSet

public ActionResult Upload()
{
      return View();
}

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Upload(HttpPostedFileBase upload)
{  
           // اعتبار سنجی فایل آپلود شده
            if (upload != null && upload.ContentLength > 0 && (upload.FileName.EndsWith(".xls") || upload.FileName.EndsWith(".xlsx")))
            {
                // با خواندن فایل به صورت باینری، این کتابخانه نیازی به نصب پیش نیازهای آفیس ندارد
                Stream stream = upload.InputStream;

                //  نیازی به نگرانی در مورد پسوند فایل نیست
                // کتابخانه به صورت خودکار کلاس مورد نظر برای پسوند مربوطه را استفاده می‌کند
                // ExcelDataReader.ExcelBinaryReader یا ExcelDataReader.ExcelOpenXmlReader
                IExcelDataReader reader = ExcelReaderFactory.CreateReader(stream);

                // روش ذکر شده در قسمت دوم برای خواندن کل اطلاعات بصورت یکجا
                DataSet result = reader.AsDataSet(new ExcelDataSetConfiguration()
               {
                    ConfigureDataTable = (tableReader) => new ExcelDataTableConfiguration()
                    {
                        // true: ردیف اول از فایل را به عنوان هدر در نظر می‌گیرد
                        // مقدار پیش فرض: false
                        UseHeaderRow = true
                    }
                });

                reader.Close();
                return View(result.Tables[0]);
            }
      ModelState.AddModelError("File", "Please upload Excel file ...");
      return View();
 }  

do {
        while (reader.Read()) {
       // reader.GetDouble(0);
        }
    } while (reader.NextResult());

@model System.Data.DataTable
@using System.Data;

<h2>Upload File</h2>

@using (Html.BeginForm("Upload", "Home", null, FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    @Html.ValidationSummary()

    <div>
        <input type="file" id="dataFile" name="upload" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="Upload" />
    </div>

    if (Model != null)
    {
        <table>
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    @foreach (DataColumn col in Model.Columns)
                    {
                        <th>@col.ColumnName</th>
                    }
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                @foreach (DataRow row in Model.Rows)
                {
                    <tr>
                        @foreach (DataColumn col in Model.Columns)
                        {
                            <td>@row[col.ColumnName]</td>
                        }
                    </tr>
                }
            </tbody>
        </table>
    }
}

 <!--<script src="Scripts/Libs/localstorage_adapter.js" type="text/javascript"></script>-->

 <!--<script src="Scripts/App/store.js" type="text/javascript"></script>-->

Blogger.PostsRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
    model: function () {
        return this.store.find('post');
    }
});

 DS.RESTAdapter.reopen({
      namespace: 'api'
});

 <script src="Scripts/Adapters/web_api_adapter.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

namespace EmberJS03.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization;
 
namespace EmberJS03
{
    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
 
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
               name: "DefaultApi",
               routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
               defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
               );
 
            var settings = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings;
            settings.ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        public IEnumerable<Post> Get()
        {
            return DataSource.PostsList;
        } 
    }
}

  WARNING: Encountered "0" in payload, but no model was found for model name "0" (resolved model name using DS.RESTSerializer.typeForRoot("0"))

[
  {
    Id: 1,
    Title: 'First Post'
  }, {
    Id: 2,
    Title: 'Second Post'
  }
]

{
  posts: [{
    id: 1,
    title: 'First Post'
  }, {
    id: 2,
    title: 'Second Post'
  }]
}

using System.Web.Http;
using EmberJS03.Models;
 
namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        public object Get()
        {
            return new { posts = DataSource.PostsList };
        }
    }
}

 public HttpResponseMessage Post(Comment comment)

{"comment":{"text":"data...","post":"3"}}
 

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class CommentsController : ApiController
    {
        public HttpResponseMessage Post(HttpRequestMessage requestMessage)
        {
            var jsonContent = requestMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
            // {"comment":{"text":"data...","post":"3"}}
            var jObj = JObject.Parse(jsonContent);
            var comment = jObj.SelectToken("comment", false).ToObject<Comment>();


            var id = 1;
            var lastItem = DataSource.CommentsList.LastOrDefault();
            if (lastItem != null)
            {
                id = lastItem.Id + 1;
            }
            comment.Id = id;
            DataSource.CommentsList.Add(comment);

            // ارسال آی دی با فرمت خاص مهم است
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, new { comment = comment });
        }
    }
}

Blogger.Post = DS.Model.extend({
   title: DS.attr(),
   body: DS.attr(),
   comments: DS.hasMany('comment', { async: true } /* lazy loading */)
});

namespace EmberJS03.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
 
        // lazy loading via an array of IDs
        public int[] Comments { set; get; } 
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
 
        // load related models via URLs instead of an array of IDs
        // ref. https://github.com/emberjs/data/pull/1371
        public object Links { set; get; }
 
        public Post()
        {
            Links = new { comments = "comments" }; // api/posts/id/comments
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03
{
    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
 
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
               name: "DefaultApi",
               routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}/{name}",
               defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional, name = RouteParameter.Optional }
               );
 
            var settings = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings;
            settings.ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        //GET api/posts/id
        public object Get(int id)
        {
            return
                new
                {
                    posts = DataSource.PostsList.FirstOrDefault(post => post.Id == id),
                    comments = DataSource.CommentsList.Where(comment => comment.Post == id).ToList()
                };
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        public HttpResponseMessage Delete(int id)
        {
            var item = DataSource.PostsList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (item == null)
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);

            DataSource.PostsList.Remove(item);

            //حذف کامنت‌های مرتبط
            var relatedComments = DataSource.CommentsList.Where(comment => comment.Post == id).ToList();
            relatedComments.ForEach(comment => DataSource.CommentsList.Remove(comment));

            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, new { post = item });
        }
    }
}

 Attempted to handle event `pushedData` on  while in state root.deleted.inFlight.

Blogger.PostController = Ember.ObjectController.extend({
    isEditing: false,
    actions: {
        edit: function () {
            this.set('isEditing', true);
        },
        save: function () {
            var post = this.get('model');
            post.save();
 
            this.set('isEditing', false);
        },
        delete: function () {
            if (confirm('Do you want to delete this post?')) {
                var thisController = this;
                var post = this.get('model');
                post.destroyRecord().then(function () {
                    thisController.transitionToRoute('posts');
                });
            }
        }
    }
});

    public class User
    {
        public User()
        {
            UserRoles = new HashSet<UserRole>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Username { get; set; }

        public string Password { get; set; }

        public string DisplayName { get; set; }

        public bool IsActive { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset? LastLoggedIn { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// every time the user changes his Password,
        /// or an admin changes his Roles or stat/IsActive,
        /// create a new `SerialNumber` GUID and store it in the DB.
        /// </summary>
        public string SerialNumber { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }
    }

    public class Role
    {
        public Role()
        {
            UserRoles = new HashSet<UserRole>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }
    }

    public static class CustomRoles
    {
        public const string Admin = nameof(Admin);
        public const string User = nameof(User);
    }

    public class UserRole
    {
        public int UserId { get; set; }
        public int RoleId { get; set; }

        public virtual User User { get; set; }
        public virtual Role Role { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
    {
        DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;

        int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess);
        int SaveChanges();
        Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess, CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken());
        Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken());
    }

    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)
        { }

        public virtual DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }
        public virtual DbSet<Role> Roles { set; get; }
        public virtual DbSet<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            // it should be placed here, otherwise it will rewrite the following settings!
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);

            // Custom application mappings
            builder.Entity<User>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Username).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Username).IsUnique();
                entity.Property(e => e.Password).IsRequired();
                entity.Property(e => e.SerialNumber).HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            builder.Entity<Role>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Name).IsUnique();
            });

            builder.Entity<UserRole>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.UserId, e.RoleId });
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.UserId);
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.RoleId);
                entity.Property(e => e.UserId);
                entity.Property(e => e.RoleId);
                entity.HasOne(d => d.Role).WithMany(p => p.UserRoles).HasForeignKey(d => d.RoleId);
                entity.HasOne(d => d.User).WithMany(p => p.UserRoles).HasForeignKey(d => d.UserId);
            });
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Only used by EF Tooling
    /// </summary>
    public class ApplicationDbContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)
        {
            var basePath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
            Console.WriteLine($"Using `{basePath}` as the BasePath");
            var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                                    .SetBasePath(basePath)
                                    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
                                    .Build();
            var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ApplicationDbContext>();
            var connectionString = configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
            builder.UseSqlServer(connectionString);
            return new ApplicationDbContext(builder.Options);
        }
    }

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Data Source=(LocalDB)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=ASPNETCore2CookieAuthenticationDB;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;"
  },
  "LoginCookieExpirationDays": 30
}

    public interface IUsersService
    {
        Task<string> GetSerialNumberAsync(int userId);
        Task<User> FindUserAsync(string username, string password);
        Task<User> FindUserAsync(int userId);
        Task UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(int userId);
    }

    public interface IRolesService
    {
        Task<List<Role>> FindUserRolesAsync(int userId);
        Task<bool> IsUserInRole(int userId, string roleName);
        Task<List<User>> FindUsersInRoleAsync(string roleName);
    }

    public interface IDbInitializerService
    {
        void Initialize();
        void SeedData();
    }

    public interface ICookieValidatorService
    {
        Task ValidateAsync(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context);
    }

    public class CookieValidatorService : ICookieValidatorService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        public CookieValidatorService(IUsersService usersService)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _usersService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(usersService));
        }

        public async Task ValidateAsync(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
        {
            var userPrincipal = context.Principal;

            var claimsIdentity = context.Principal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var serialNumberClaim = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber);
            if (serialNumberClaim == null)
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var userIdString = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData).Value;
            if (!int.TryParse(userIdString, out int userId))
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || user.SerialNumber != serialNumberClaim.Value || !user.IsActive)
            {
                // user has changed his/her password/roles/stat/IsActive
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
            }

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        private Task handleUnauthorizedRequest(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
        {
            context.RejectPrincipal();
            return context.HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        }
    }

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();
            services.AddScoped<IUsersService, UsersService>();
            services.AddScoped<IRolesService, RolesService>();
            services.AddScoped<ISecurityService, SecurityService>();
            services.AddScoped<ICookieValidatorService, CookieValidatorService>();
            services.AddScoped<IDbInitializerService, DbInitializerService>();

            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
            {
                options.UseSqlServer(
                    Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"),
                    serverDbContextOptionsBuilder =>
                        {
                            var minutes = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3).TotalSeconds;
                            serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.CommandTimeout(minutes);
                            serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.EnableRetryOnFailure();
                        });
            });

            // Only needed for custom roles.
            services.AddAuthorization(options =>
                    {
                        options.AddPolicy(CustomRoles.Admin, policy => policy.RequireRole(CustomRoles.Admin));
                        options.AddPolicy(CustomRoles.User, policy => policy.RequireRole(CustomRoles.User));
                    });

            // Needed for cookie auth.
            services
                .AddAuthentication(options =>
                {
                    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultSignInScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                })
                .AddCookie(options =>
                {
                    options.SlidingExpiration = false;
                    options.LoginPath = "/api/account/login";
                    options.LogoutPath = "/api/account/logout";
                    //options.AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Home/Forbidden/");
                    options.Cookie.Name = ".my.app1.cookie";
                    options.Cookie.HttpOnly = true;
                    options.Cookie.SecurePolicy = CookieSecurePolicy.SameAsRequest;
                    options.Cookie.SameSite = SameSiteMode.Lax;
                    options.Events = new CookieAuthenticationEvents
                    {
                        OnValidatePrincipal = context =>
                        {
                            var cookieValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ICookieValidatorService>();
                            return cookieValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
                        }
                    };
                });

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   app.UseAuthentication();

            var scopeFactory = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>();
            using (var scope = scopeFactory.CreateScope())
            {
                var dbInitializer = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IDbInitializerService>();
                dbInitializer.Initialize();
                dbInitializer.SeedData();
            }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Login([FromBody]  User loginUser)
        {
            if (loginUser == null)
            {
                return BadRequest("user is not set.");
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(loginUser.Username, loginUser.Password).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || !user.IsActive)
            {
                await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var loginCookieExpirationDays = _configuration.GetValue<int>("LoginCookieExpirationDays", defaultValue: 30);
            var cookieClaims = await createCookieClaimsAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
            await HttpContext.SignInAsync(
                CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
                cookieClaims,
                new AuthenticationProperties
                {
                    IsPersistent = true, // "Remember Me"
                    IssuedUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
                    ExpiresUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(loginCookieExpirationDays)
                });

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return Ok();
        }

        private async Task<ClaimsPrincipal> createCookieClaimsAsync(User user)
        {
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString()));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Username));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim("DisplayName", user.DisplayName));

            // to invalidate the cookie
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber, user.SerialNumber));

            // custom data
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.Id.ToString()));

            // add roles
            var roles = await _rolesService.FindUserRolesAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role.Name));
            }

            return new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
        }

[Route("api/[controller]")]
[Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Admin)]
public class MyProtectedAdminApiController : Controller

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet("[action]"), HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<bool> Logout()
        {
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            return true;
        }

> create-react-app sample-03
> cd sample-03
> npm start

const colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];

const items = colors.map(function(color) {
  return "<li>" + color + "</li>";
});
console.log(items);

const items2 = colors.map(color => "<li>" + color + "</li>");
console.log(items2);

const items3 = colors.map(color => `<li>${color}</li>`);
console.log(items3);

const street1 = address.street;
const city1 = address.city;
const country1 = address.country;

const { street, city, country } = address;

const { street: st } = address;
console.log(st);

const first = [1, 2, 3];
const second = [4, 5, 6];

const combined = first.concat(second);
console.log(combined);

 const combined2 = [...first, ...second];
console.log(combined2);

 const combined2 = [...first, "a", ...second, "b"];
console.log(combined2);

const clone = [...first];
console.log(clone);

const firstObject = { name: "User 1" };
const secondObject = { job: "Job 1" };
const combinedObject = { ...firstObject, ...secondObject, location: "Here" };
console.log(combinedObject);

 {name: "User 1", job: "Job 1", location: "Here"}

const clonedObject = { ...firstObject };
console.log(clonedObject);

const person = {
  name: "User 1",
  walk() {
    console.log("walk");
  }
};

const person2 = {
  name: "User 2",
  walk() {
    console.log("walk");
  }
};

class Person {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  walk() {
    console.log("walk");
  }
}

const person3 = new Person("User 3");
console.log(person3.name);
person3.walk();

class Teacher extends Person {
  teach() {
    console.log("teach");
  }
}

const teacher = new Teacher("User 4");

console.log(teacher.name);
teacher.teach();
teacher.walk();

class Teacher extends Person {
  constructor(name, degree) {}

 Uncaught ReferenceError: Must call super constructor in derived class before accessing 'this' or returning from derived constructor

class Teacher extends Person {
  constructor(name, degree) {
    super(name);
    this.degree = degree;
  }

  teach() {
    console.log("teach");
  }
}

const teacher = new Teacher("User 4", "MSc");

 export class Teacher extends Person {

import { Person } from "./Person";

export class Teacher extends Person {

import { Person } from "./Person";
import { Teacher } from "./Teacher";

 export default class Teacher extends Person {

 import Teacher from "./Teacher";

import { Person } from "./Person";

export function testTeacher() {
  console.log("Test Teacher");
}

export default class Teacher extends Person {

 import Teacher, { testTeacher } from "./Teacher";

import React, { Component } from 'react';

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
    <NullableContextOptions>enable</NullableContextOptions>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

CS8632: The annotation for nullable reference types should only be used in code within a ‘#nullable’ context.
CS8627: A nullable type parameter must be known to be a value-type or non-nullable reference type. Consider adding a ‘class’, ‘struct’ or type constraint.

<PropertyGroup>
  <LangVersion>preview</LangVersion>
  <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
</PropertyGroup>

    public class Person
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        public string MiddleName { get; set; }

        public string LastName { get; set; }

        public Person(string first, string last) =>
            (FirstName, LastName) = (first, last);

        public Person(string first, string middle, string last) =>
            (FirstName, MiddleName, LastName) = (first, middle, last);

        public override string ToString() => $"{FirstName} {MiddleName} {LastName}";
    }

public string? MiddleName { get; set; }

    public static class NullableReferenceTypes
    {
        //#nullable enable // Toggle to enable

        public static string Exemplify()
        {
            var vahid = new Person("Vahid", "N");
            var length = GetLengthOfMiddleName(vahid);

            return $"{vahid.FirstName}'s middle name has {length} characters in it.";

            static int GetLengthOfMiddleName(Person person)
            {
                string middleName = person.MiddleName;
                return middleName.Length;
            }
        }
    }

var middleName = person.MiddleName;

static int GetLengthOfMiddleName(Person person)
{
   var middleName = person.MiddleName;
   return middleName?.Length ?? 0;
}

public static class NullableReferenceTypes
{
#nullable disable // Toggle to enable

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
    <NullableContextOptions>enable</NullableContextOptions>
    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

<WarningsAsErrors>CS8600;CS8602;CS8603</WarningsAsErrors>

string name = null; // ERROR
string? name = null; // OK!

public class Person
{
    public Address? Address { get; set; };
    public string Country => Address?.Country;   // ERROR! 
}

public class Person
{
    public Address? Address { get; set; };
    public string? Country => Address?.Country;  // OK!
}

var node = this; // Initialize non-nullable variable
while (node != null)
{
   node = null; // ERROR!
}

Node? node = this;   // Initialize nullable variable
while (node != null) {
   node = null; // OK!
}

public class Person
{
   public string Name { get; set; } // ERROR!
}

public class Person
{
   public string? Name { get; set; }
}

public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public Person(string name) {
        Name = name ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));
    }
}
 

public class Person
{
   public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
   // -or-
   public string Name { get; set; } = "";
}

String.Empty
Array.Empty<T>()
Enumerable.Empty<T>()

public class Person
{
   public Address Address { get; set; } = new Address();
}

namespace Models
{
    public class Book
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Author{get;set;}
        public int PublishYear { get; set; }
    }
}