ASP.NET 2.0 introduced a concept of application offline. This mean that when there is App_Offline.htm file in the root of a web application directory then ASP.NET will shut-down the application, unload the application domain from the server, and stop processing any new incoming requests for that application. In ASP.NET 5, there is an open-issue for supporting this feature.
هزینه استثناء
ERROR in ./node_modules/angular2-permission/index.ts Module build failed: Error: C:\Front\node_modules\angular2-permission\index.ts is missing from the TypeScript compilation. Please make sure it is in your tsconfig via the 'files' or 'include' property. The missing file seems to be part of a third party library. TS files in published libraries are often a sign of a badly packaged library. Please open an issue in the library repository to alert its author and ask them to package the library using the Angular Package Format (https://goo.gl/jB3GVv). at AngularCompilerPlugin.getCompiledFile (C:\Front\node_modules\@ngtools\webpack\src\angular_compiler_plugin.js:674:23) at plugin.done.then (C:\Front\node_modules\@ngtools\webpack\src\loader.js:467:39) at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:68:7)
امکان نمونه سازی بدون قید و شرط کلاسها
تعریف کلاس Article1 را به صورت زیر درنظر بگیرید:
public class Article1 { public string Title { get; set; } public string? Subtitle { get; set; } public string Author { get; set; } public DateTime Published { get; set; } }
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework> <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings> <Nullable>enable</Nullable> </PropertyGroup> </Project>
Non-nullable property 'Title' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider declaring the property as nullable. [CS11Tests]csharp(CS8618) Non-nullable property 'Author' must contain a non-null value when exiting constructor. Consider declaring the property as nullable. [CS11Tests]csharp(CS8618)
مدیریت کردن نحوهی نمونه سازی کلاسها، با وابستگی به سازندههای آن
یکی از روشهای مدیریت مشکلی که تا اینجا بررسی شد، تعریف سازندههای متعددی برای یک کلاس است؛ تا توسط آن بتوان مقدار دهی یک سری از خواص را اجباری کرد:
public class Article2 { public Article2(string title, string subtitle, string author, DateTime published) { Title = title; Subtitle = subtitle; Author = author; Published = published; } public Article2(string title, string author, DateTime published) { Title = title; Author = author; Published = published; } public string Title { get; set; } public string? Subtitle { get; set; } public string Author { get; set; } public DateTime Published { get; set; } }
- تعداد سطرهای تعریف این کلاس، به شدت افزایش یافتهاست.
- با اضافه شدن خواص بیشتری به کلاس، به تعاریف بیشتری نیاز خواهد بود.
- سازندهها کار خاصی را بجز نگاشت مقادیر ارائه شده، به خواص کلاس، انجام نمیدهند.
- نمونه سازی این کلاسها، شکل طولانی و غیرواضح زیر را پیدا میکند و زیبایی inline object initializers را ندارند:
Article2 article = new("C# 11 Required Keyword", "A new language feature", "Name", new DateTime(2022, 11, 12));
البته روش دیگر مدیریت یک چنین اخطارهایی، استفاده از مقدار ویژهی !default است که سبب محو اخطارهای یاد شده میشود؛ اما باز هم مقدار دهی آنرا الزامی نمیکند. فقط به این معنا است که قول میدهیم این خاصیت را در جای دیگری مقدار دهی کنیم و هیچگاه نال نباشد!
public string Title { get; set; } = default!;
مدیریت کردن نحوهی نمونه سازی کلاسها، بدون وابستگی به سازندههای آن در C# 11.0
C# 11 به همراه واژهی کلیدی جدیدی به نام required است تا دیگر نیازی نباشد همانند راه حل فوق، سازندههای متعددی را جهت اجبار به مقدار دهی خواص یک شیء، تعریف کنیم. در این حالت تعریف کلاس Article به صورت زیر خلاصه میشود و دیگر به همراه اخطارهای کامپایلر نمایش داده شده نیز نیست:
public class Article3 { public required string Title { get; set; } public string? Subtitle { get; set; } public required string Author { get; set; } public DateTime Published { get; set; } }
معرفی ویژگی جدید SetsRequiredMembers
کلاس Book زیر را که به همراه یک خاصیت required و دو سازندهاست، درنظر بگیرید:
public class Book { public Book() => Name = string.Empty; public Book(string name) => Name = name; public required string Name { get; set; } }
Book book = new("Book's Name");
Required member 'Book.Name' must be set in the object initializer or attribute constructor. [CS11Tests]csharp(CS9035)
public class Book { [SetsRequiredMembers] public Book() => Name = string.Empty; [SetsRequiredMembers] public Book(string name) => Name = name; public required string Name { get; set; } }
محدودیتهای کار با خواص required
- واژهی کلیدی required را میتوان تنها به خواص و فیلدهای نوعهای class, record, record struct اعمال کرد. امکان اعمال این واژهی کلیدی به اجزای یک اینترفیس وجود ندارد.
- میدان دید اعضای required باید حداقل در حد نوعهای دربرگیرندهی آنها باشند. برای مثال اگر کلاسی public است، نمیتوان در آن یک فیلد required با میدان دید protected را تعریف کرد.
- نوعهای مشتق شدهی از یک نوع پایه، نمیتوانند اعضای required آنرا مخفی کنند و اگر قصد بازنویسی آنرا دارند، باید حتما واژهی کلیدی required را لحاظ کنند.
- اگر سازندهای به سازندهی دیگری از طریق ذکر ()base و یا ()this زنجیر شده باشد نیز باید ویژگی SetsRequiredMembers مرتبط را تکرار کند.
کتابخانه dynamic-table
WhatsApp for Windows Phone is one of the few apps on Windows 10 Mobile today that continues to receive frequent updates from its developer. Unfortunately, the app itself is one based on Silverlight, which is what apps built for Windows Phone 8.1 used back in 2014. This means the app isn't a Universal Windows Platform app (UWP,) and as such doesn't run across all the different Windows 10 platforms and devices available today.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <packages> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.OData" version="6.0.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core" version="2.2.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Owin" version="1.2.2" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform" version="1.0.2" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" version="1.0.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" version="1.0.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Net.Compilers" version="1.3.2" targetFramework="net462" developmentDependency="true" /> <package id="Microsoft.OData.Core" version="7.0.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.OData.Edm" version="7.0.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Owin" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Owin.FileSystems" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Owin.Security" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Owin.StaticFiles" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Microsoft.Spatial" version="7.0.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="9.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="Owin" version="1.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Collections" version="4.0.11" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Collections.Concurrent" version="4.0.12" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.ComponentModel" version="4.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Diagnostics.Debug" version="4.0.11" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Globalization" version="4.0.11" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Linq" version="4.1.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Linq.Expressions" version="4.1.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Reflection" version="4.1.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Resources.ResourceManager" version="4.0.1" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Runtime.Extensions" version="4.1.0" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Threading" version="4.0.11" targetFramework="net462" /> <package id="System.Threading.Tasks" version="4.0.11" targetFramework="net462" /> </packages>
PM>Update-Package -reinstall -Project YourProjectName
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration> <appSettings> <add key="owin:AppStartup" value="OwinKatanaTest.OwinAppStartup, OwinKatanaTest" /> <!-- Owin App Startup Class --> <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" /> <!-- Disable asp.net web pages. Note that based on our current configuration, asp.net web forms, mvc and web pages won't work. This configuration is for owin stuffs only, for example asp.net web api & odata, signalr, etc. --> </appSettings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" defaultLanguage="c#" enablePrefetchOptimization="true" optimizeCompilations="true" targetFramework="4.6.2"> <assemblies> <remove assembly="*" /> <!-- To improve app startup performance, our app will continue its work without this compilations, these are required for asp.net web forms, mvc and web pages. --> <add assembly="OwinKatanaTest" /> </assemblies> </compilation> <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.6.2" /> <httpModules> <!-- No need to these modules and handlers, owin handler itself will do everything for us --> <clear /> </httpModules> <httpHandlers> <clear /> </httpHandlers> <sessionState mode="Off" /> </system.web> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=1.0.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:6 /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" /> </compilers> </system.codedom> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-9.0.0.0" newVersion="9.0.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Core" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.2.1.0" newVersion="2.2.1.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Reflection" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.0.0" newVersion="4.1.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Runtime.Extensions" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.0.0" newVersion="4.1.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http.Formatting" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" /> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" /> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="false"> <!-- We're not going to remove all modules, some modules such as static & dynamic compression modules are really cool (-: --> <remove name="RewriteModule" /> <remove name="OutputCache" /> <remove name="Session" /> <remove name="WindowsAuthentication" /> <remove name="FormsAuthentication" /> <remove name="DefaultAuthentication" /> <remove name="RoleManager" /> <remove name="FileAuthorization" /> <remove name="UrlAuthorization" /> <remove name="AnonymousIdentification" /> <remove name="Profile" /> <remove name="UrlMappingsModule" /> <remove name="ServiceModel-4.0" /> <remove name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" /> <remove name="ScriptModule-4.0" /> <remove name="Isapi" /> <remove name="IsapiFilter" /> <remove name="DigestAuthentication" /> <remove name="WindowsAuthentication" /> <remove name="ServerSideInclude" /> <remove name="DirectoryListing" /> <remove name="DefaultDocument" /> <remove name="CustomError" /> <remove name="Cgi" /> </modules> <defaultDocument> <!-- Default docs will be configured using owin static files middleware --> <files> <clear /> </files> </defaultDocument> <handlers> <!-- Only use this handler for all requests --> <clear /> <add name="Owin" verb="*" path="*" type="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.OwinHttpHandler, Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" /> </handlers> <httpProtocol> <customHeaders> <clear /> </customHeaders> </httpProtocol> </system.webServer> </configuration>
بعد از build کردن پروژه، در صورت خطا داشتن از Referencesها، System.Reflection و System.Runtime.Extensions را حذف کنید.
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.OData; using Microsoft.OData.Edm; using Owin; using OwinKatanaTest.Model; using OwinKatanaTest.ODataControllers; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.OData.Builder; using System.Web.OData.Extensions; using System.Web.OData.Routing.Conventions; namespace OwinKatanaTest { public class OwinAppStartup { public void Configuration(IAppBuilder owinApp) { owinApp.Map("/odata", innerOwinAppForOData => { HttpConfiguration webApiODataConfig = new HttpConfiguration(); webApiODataConfig.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always; webApiODataConfig.Formatters.Clear(); IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention> conventions = ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault(); ODataModelBuilder modelBuilder = new ODataConventionModelBuilder(webApiODataConfig); modelBuilder.Namespace = modelBuilder.ContainerName = "Test"; var categoriesSetConfig = modelBuilder.EntitySet<Category>("Categories"); var getBestCategoryFunctionConfig = categoriesSetConfig.EntityType.Collection.Function(nameof(CategoriesController.GetBestCategory)); getBestCategoryFunctionConfig.ReturnsFromEntitySet<Category>("Categories"); IEdmModel edmModel = modelBuilder.GetEdmModel(); webApiODataConfig.MapODataServiceRoute("default", "", builder => { builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => conventions); builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel); }); innerOwinAppForOData.UseWebApi(webApiODataConfig); }); owinApp.Map("/api", innerOwinAppForWebApi => { HttpConfiguration webApiConfig = new HttpConfiguration(); webApiConfig.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always; webApiConfig.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); webApiConfig.Routes.MapHttpRoute(name: "default", routeTemplate: "{controller}/{action}", defaults: new { action = RouteParameter.Optional }); innerOwinAppForWebApi.UseWebApi(webApiConfig); }); owinApp.Map("/signalr", innerOwinAppForSignalR => { innerOwinAppForSignalR.RunSignalR(new HubConfiguration { EnableDetailedErrors = true }); }); owinApp.UseStaticFiles(); owinApp.Run(async context => { await context.Response.WriteAsync("owin katana"); }); } } }
using OwinKatanaTest.Model; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.OData; namespace OwinKatanaTest.ODataControllers { public class CategoriesController : ODataController { [HttpGet] public Category GetBestCategory() { return new Category { Id = 1, Name = "Test" }; } } }
using OwinKatanaTest.Model; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; namespace OwinKatanaTest.ApiControllers { public class ProductsController : ApiController { [HttpGet] [Route("products/{categoryId}")] public List<Product> GetProductsByCategoryId(int categoryId) { return new List<Product> { new Product { Id = 1 , Name = "Test" } }; } } }
<package id="Microsoft.Owin.Testing" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net462" />
در ادامه تست خود را اینگونه مینویسیم
using Microsoft.Owin.Testing; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; using OwinKatanaTest; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Test { [TestClass] public class Test { [TestMethod] public async Task TestWebApi() { using (TestServer server = TestServer.Create<OwinAppStartup>()) { HttpResponseMessage apiResponse = await server.HttpClient.GetAsync("/api/products/1"); apiResponse.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.OK, apiResponse.StatusCode); } } [TestMethod] public async Task TestOData() { using (TestServer server = TestServer.Create<OwinAppStartup>()) { HttpResponseMessage odataResponse = await server.HttpClient.GetAsync("odata/Categories/Test.GetBestCategory"); odataResponse.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.OK, odataResponse.StatusCode); } } } }