Java 8 Auto-Update, Java 7 End of Public Update 

using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization; // dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization

namespace BlazorServer.Common
{
    public static class PolicyTypes
    {
        public const string RequireAdmin = nameof(RequireAdmin);
        public const string RequireCustomer = nameof(RequireCustomer);
        public const string RequireEmployee = nameof(RequireEmployee);
        public const string RequireEmployeeOrCustomer = nameof(RequireEmployeeOrCustomer);

        public static AuthorizationOptions AddAppPolicies(this AuthorizationOptions options)
        {
            options.AddPolicy(RequireAdmin, policy => policy.RequireRole(ConstantRoles.Admin));
            options.AddPolicy(RequireCustomer, policy =>
                    policy.RequireAssertion(context =>
                        context.User.HasClaim(claim => claim.Type == ClaimTypes.Role
                            && (claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Admin || claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Customer))
                    ));
            options.AddPolicy(RequireEmployee, policy =>
                    policy.RequireAssertion(context =>
                        context.User.HasClaim(claim => claim.Type == ClaimTypes.Role
                            && (claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Admin || claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Employee))
                    ));

            options.AddPolicy(RequireEmployeeOrCustomer, policy =>
                                policy.RequireAssertion(context =>
                                    context.User.HasClaim(claim => claim.Type == ClaimTypes.Role
                                        && (claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Admin ||
                                            claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Employee ||
                                            claim.Value == ConstantRoles.Customer))
                                ));
            return options;
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            // ...

            services.AddAuthorization(options => options.AddAppPolicies());

            // ...

namespace BlazorWasm.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            // ...

            builder.Services.AddAuthorizationCore(options => options.AddAppPolicies());

            // ...
        }
    }
}

@page "/hotel-room-details/{Id:int}"

// ...

@*
@attribute [Roles(ConstantRoles.Customer, ConstantRoles.Employee)]
*@

@attribute [Authorize(Policy = PolicyTypes.RequireEmployeeOrCustomer)]

<AuthorizeView  Policy="@PolicyTypes.RequireEmployeeOrCustomer">
    <p>You can only see this if you're an admin or an employee or a customer.</p>
</AuthorizeView>

using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
using UAParser;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.Services;

/// <summary>
///     To invalidate an old user's token from a new device
/// </summary>
public class DeviceDetectionService : IDeviceDetectionService
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
    private readonly ISecurityService _securityService;

    public DeviceDetectionService(ISecurityService securityService, IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
    {
        _securityService = securityService ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(securityService));
        _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpContextAccessor));
    }

    public string GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetails() => GetDeviceDetails(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext);

    public string GetDeviceDetails(HttpContext context)
    {
        var ua = GetUserAgent(context);
        if (ua is null)
        {
            return "unknown";
        }

        var client = Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
        var deviceInfo = client.Device.Family;
        var browserInfo = $"{client.UA.Family}, {client.UA.Major}.{client.UA.Minor}";
        var osInfo = $"{client.OS.Family}, {client.OS.Major}.{client.OS.Minor}";
        //TODO: Add the user's IP address here, if it's a banking system.
        return $"{deviceInfo}, {browserInfo}, {osInfo}";
    }

    public string GetDeviceDetailsHash(HttpContext context) =>
        _securityService.GetSha256Hash(GetDeviceDetails(context));

    public string GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash() => GetDeviceDetailsHash(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext);

    public string GetCurrentUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash() =>
        GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity);

    public string GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(ClaimsIdentity claimsIdentity)
    {
        if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
        {
            return null;
        }

        return claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.System)?.Value;
    }

    public bool HasCurrentUserTokenValidDeviceDetails() =>
        HasUserTokenValidDeviceDetails(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity);

    public bool HasUserTokenValidDeviceDetails(ClaimsIdentity claimsIdentity) =>
        string.Equals(GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash(), GetUserTokenDeviceDetailsHash(claimsIdentity),
                      StringComparison.Ordinal);

    private static string GetUserAgent(HttpContext context)
    {
        if (context is null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        return context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue(HeaderNames.UserAgent, out var userAgent)
                   ? userAgent.ToString()
                   : null;
    }
}

    public string GetDeviceDetails(HttpContext context)
    {
        var ua = GetUserAgent(context);
        if (ua is null)
        {
            return "unknown";
        }

        var client = Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
        var deviceInfo = client.Device.Family;
        var browserInfo = $"{client.UA.Family}, {client.UA.Major}.{client.UA.Minor}";
        var osInfo = $"{client.OS.Family}, {client.OS.Major}.{client.OS.Minor}";
        //TODO: Add the user's IP address here, if it's a banking system.
        return $"{deviceInfo}, {browserInfo}, {osInfo}";
    }

new(ClaimTypes.System, _deviceDetectionService.GetCurrentRequestDeviceDetailsHash(),
ClaimValueTypes.String, _configuration.Value.Issuer),

.AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
      cfg.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
      {
           OnTokenValidated = context =>
           {
               var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
              return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
           },
       };
  });

.AddCookie(options =>
{
    options.Events = new CookieAuthenticationEvents
    {
       OnValidatePrincipal = context =>
       {
         var cookieValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ICookieValidatorService>();
         return cookieValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
       }
    };
});

// Pure
const add = (a, b) => {
  return a + b;
}

// Impure
const b;

const add = (a) => {
  return a + b;
}

// Impure
const add = (a, b) => {
  console.log('lolololol');
  return a + b;
}

// Impure
const add = (a, b) => {
   Api.post('/add', { a, b }, (response) => {
    // Do something.
   });
};

// Copy object
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = Object.assign({}, original);

// Extend object
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const extension = { c: 3 };
const extended = Object.assign({}, original, extension);

// Copy object
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = { ...original };

// Extend object
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const extension = { c: 3 };
const extended = { ...original, ...extension };

// Copy array
const original = [1, 2, 3];
const copy = [1, 2, 3].slice();

// Copy array
const original = [1, 2, 3];
const copy = [ ...original ];

// Extend array
const original = [1, 2, 3];
const extended = original.concat(4);
const moreExtended = original.concat([4, 5]);

// Extend array
const original = [1, 2, 3];
const extended = [ ...original, 4 ];
const moreExtended = [ ...original, ...extended, 5 ];

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class Applicant
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public int Age { set; get; }

        public string Address { set; get; }

        public decimal Salary { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanProduct
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string ProductName { set; get; }

        public decimal InterestRate { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanApplication
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public LoanProduct Product { set; get; }

        public LoanAmount Amount { set; get; }

        public Applicant Applicant { set; get; }

        public bool IsAccepted { set; get; }
    }

    public class LoanAmount
    {
        public string CurrencyCode { get; set; }

        public decimal Principal { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class IdentityVerificationStatus
    {
        public bool Passed { get; set; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {
        void Initialize();

        bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);
    }
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class LoanApplicationProcessor
    {
        private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;
        private const int MinimumAge = 18;
        private const int MinimumCreditScore = 100_000;

        private readonly IIdentityVerifier _identityVerifier;
        private readonly ICreditScorer _creditScorer;

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

        public bool Process(LoanApplication application)
        {
            application.IsAccepted = false;

            if (application.Applicant.Salary < MinimumSalary)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            if (application.Applicant.Age < MinimumAge)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _identityVerifier.Initialize();

            var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
                application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

            if (!isValidIdentity)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
            if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            application.IsAccepted = true;
            return application.IsAccepted;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Models;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class IdentityVerifierServiceGateway : IIdentityVerifier
    {
        public DateTime LastCheckTime { get; private set; }

        public void Initialize()
        {
            // Initialize connection to external service
        }

        public bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            Connect();
            var isValidIdentity = CallService(applicantName, applicantAge, applicantAddress);
            LastCheckTime = DateTime.Now;
            Disconnect();

            return isValidIdentity;
        }

        private void Connect()
        {
            // Open connection to external service
        }

        private bool CallService(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            // Make call to external service, interpret the response, and return result

            return false; // Simulate result for demo purposes
        }

        private void Disconnect()
        {
            // Close connection to external service
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Loans\Loans.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.3.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.0.0" />    
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};
            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(null, null);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

public class LoanApplicationProcessor
{
    private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.DeclineLowSalary threw exception:
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: identityVerifier

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

> dotnet add package Moq
> Install-Package Moq

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {        
        [TestMethod]
        public void Accept()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_500_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsTrue(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

Bringing WebAssembly to the .NET Mainstream - Steve Sanderson, Microsoft

Many developers still consider WebAssembly to be a leading-edge, niche technology tied to low-level systems programming languages. However, C# and .NET (open-source, cross-platform technologies used by nearly one-third of all professional developers [1]) have run on WebAssembly since 2017. Blazor WebAssembly brought .NET into the browser on open standards, and is now one of the fastest-growing parts of .NET across enterprises, startups, and hobbyists. Next, with WASI we could let you run .NET in even more places, introducing cloud-native tools and techniques to a wider segment of the global developer community. This is a technical talk showing how we bring .NET to WebAssembly. Steve will demonstrate how it runs both interpreted and AOT-compiled, how an IDE debugger can attach, performance tradeoffs, and how a move from Emscripten to WASI SDK lets it run in Wasmtime/Wasmer or higher-level runtimes like wasmCloud. Secondly, you'll hear lessons learned from Blazor as an open-source project - challenges and misconceptions faced bringing WebAssembly beyond early adopters. [1] StackOverflow survey 2021