public class MyContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        // ...
        public IList<T> GetRows<T>(string sql, params object[] parameters) where T: class
        {
            return this.Database.SqlQuery<T>(sql, parameters).ToList();
        }
    }

1. در این حالت StartPoint.X < EndPoint.X و StartPoint.Y < EndPoint.Y خواهد بود. (StartPoint نقطه ای است که ابتدا ماوس شروع به ترسیم می‌کند، و EndPoint زمانی است که ماوس رها شده و پایان ترسیم را مشخص می‌کند.)
2. در این حالت StartPoint.X > EndPoint.X و StartPoint.Y > EndPoint.Y خواهد بود.
3. در این حالت StartPoint.X > EndPoint.X و StartPoint.Y > EndPoint.Y خواهد بود.
4. در این حالت StartPoint.X < EndPoint.X و StartPoint.Y > EndPoint.Y خواهد بود.

ابتدا یک کلاس کمکی به صورت استاتیک تعریف می‌کنیم که متدی جهت پیش نمایش رسم شی در حالت جابجایی ، رسم، و تغییر اندازه دارد.

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace PWS.ObjectOrientedPaint.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Helpers
    /// </summary>
    public static class Helpers
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Draws the preview.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="g">The g.</param>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        /// <param name="foreColor">Color of the fore.</param>
        /// <param name="thickness">The thickness.</param>
        /// <param name="isFill">if set to <c>true</c> [is fill].</param>
        /// <param name="backgroundBrush">The background brush.</param>
        /// <param name="shapeType">Type of the shape.</param>
        public static void DrawPreview(Graphics g, PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint, Color foreColor, byte thickness, bool isFill, Brush backgroundBrush, ShapeType shapeType)
        {
            float x = 0, y = 0;
            float width = Math.Abs(endPoint.X - startPoint.X);
            float height = Math.Abs(endPoint.Y - startPoint.Y);
            if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }

            switch (shapeType)
            {
                case ShapeType.Ellipse:
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillEllipse(backgroundBrush, x, y, width, height);
                    //else
                    g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, width, height);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Rectangle:
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillRectangle(backgroundBrush, x, y, width, height);
                    //else
                    g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, width, height);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Circle:
                    float raduis = Math.Max(width, height);

                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillEllipse(backgroundBrush, x, y, raduis, raduis);
                    //else
                    g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, raduis, raduis);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Square:
                    float side = Math.Max(width, height);

                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillRectangle(backgroundBrush, x, y, side, side);
                    //else
                    g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, side, side);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Line:
                    g.DrawLine(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), startPoint, endPoint);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Diamond:
                    var points = new PointF[4];
                    points[0] = new PointF(x + width / 2, y);
                    points[1] = new PointF(x + width, y + height / 2);
                    points[2] = new PointF(x + width / 2, y + height);
                    points[3] = new PointF(x, y + height / 2);
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillPolygon(backgroundBrush, points);
                    //else
                    g.DrawPolygon(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), points);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Triangle:
                    var tPoints = new PointF[3];
                    tPoints[0] = new PointF(x + width / 2, y);
                    tPoints[1] = new PointF(x + width, y + height);
                    tPoints[2] = new PointF(x, y + height);
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillPolygon(backgroundBrush, tPoints);
                    //else
                    g.DrawPolygon(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), tPoints);
                    break;
            }
            if (shapeType != ShapeType.Line)
            {
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", x, y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), x - 20, y - 25);
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", x + width, y + height), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), x + width - 20, y + height + 5);
            }
            else
            {
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", startPoint.X, startPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), startPoint.X - 20, startPoint.Y - 25);
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", endPoint.X, endPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), endPoint.X - 20, endPoint.Y + 5);
            }

        }
    }
}

• DrawPreview : این متد پیش نمایشی برای شی در زمان ترسیم، جابجایی و تغییر اندازه آماده می‌کند، پارامترهای آن عبارتند از : بوم گرافیکی، نقطه شروع، نقطه پایان و رنگ قلم ترسیم پیش نمایش شی، ضخامت خط، آیا شی توپر باشد؟، الگوی پر کردن پس زمینه شی ، و نوع شی ترسیمی می‌باشد.
  

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Net;

namespace PWS.ObjectOrientedPaint.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Shape (Base Class)
    /// </summary>
    public abstract partial class Shape
    {
#region Constructors (2) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Shape" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        /// <param name="zIndex">Index of the z.</param>
        /// <param name="foreColor">Color of the fore.</param>
        /// <param name="thickness">The thickness.</param>
        /// <param name="isFill">if set to <c>true</c> [is fill].</param>
        /// <param name="backgroundColor">Color of the background.</param>
        protected Shape(PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint, int zIndex, Color foreColor, byte thickness, bool isFill, Color backgroundColor)
        {
            CalulateLocationAndSize(startPoint, endPoint);
            Zindex = zIndex;
            ForeColor = foreColor;
            Thickness = thickness;
            IsFill = isFill;
            BackgroundColor = backgroundColor;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Shape" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        protected Shape() { }

#endregion Constructors 
        
#region Methods (10) 

// Public Methods (9) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Draws the specified g.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="g">The g.</param>
        public virtual void Draw(Graphics g)
        {
            if (!IsSelected) return;
            float diff = Thickness + 4;
            Color myColor = Color.DarkSeaGreen;
            g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", StartPoint.X, StartPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(myColor), StartPoint.X - 20, StartPoint.Y - 25);
            g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", EndPoint.X, EndPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(myColor), EndPoint.X - 20, EndPoint.Y + 5);
            if (ShapeType != ShapeType.Line)
            {
                g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(myColor), X, Y, Width, Height);

                //  1 2 3
                //  8   4 
                //  7 6 5   
                var point1 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point2 = new PointF((StartPoint.X - diff / 2 + EndPoint.X) / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point3 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point4 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, (EndPoint.Y + StartPoint.Y) / 2 - diff / 2);
                var point5 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point6 = new PointF((StartPoint.X - diff / 2 + EndPoint.X) / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point7 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point8 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, (EndPoint.Y + StartPoint.Y) / 2 - diff / 2);


                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point1.X, point1.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point2.X, point2.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point3.X, point3.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point4.X, point4.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point5.X, point5.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point6.X, point6.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point7.X, point7.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point8.X, point8.Y, diff, diff);
            }
            else
            {
                var point1 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point2 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point1.X, point1.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point2.X, point2.Y, diff, diff);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Points the in sahpe.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="point">The point.</param>
        /// <param name="tolerance">The tolerance.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if [has point in sahpe] [the specified point]; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
        /// </returns>
        public virtual bool HasPointInSahpe(PointF point, byte tolerance = 5)
        {
            return point.X > (StartPoint.X - tolerance) && point.X < (EndPoint.X + tolerance) && point.Y > (StartPoint.Y - tolerance) && point.Y < (EndPoint.Y + tolerance);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Moves the specified location.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="location">The location.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual PointF Move(Point location)
        {
            StartPoint = new PointF(location.X, location.Y);
            EndPoint = new PointF(location.X + Width, location.Y + Height);
            return StartPoint;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Moves the specified dx.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dx">The dx.</param>
        /// <param name="dy">The dy.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual PointF Move(int dx, int dy)
        {
            StartPoint = new PointF(StartPoint.X + dx, StartPoint.Y + dy);
            EndPoint = new PointF(EndPoint.X + dx, EndPoint.Y + dy);
            return StartPoint;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resizes the specified dx.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dx">The dx.</param>
        /// <param name="dy">The dy.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual SizeF Resize(int dx, int dy)
        {
            EndPoint = new PointF(EndPoint.X + dx, EndPoint.Y + dy);
            return new SizeF(Width, Height);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resizes the specified start point.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="currentPoint">The current point.</param>
        public virtual void Resize(PointF startPoint, PointF currentPoint)
        {
            var dx = (int)(currentPoint.X - startPoint.X);
            var dy = (int)(currentPoint.Y - startPoint.Y);
            if (startPoint.X >= X - 5 && startPoint.X <= X + 5)
            {
                StartPoint = new PointF(currentPoint.X, StartPoint.Y);
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Height = Width;
                }
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= EndPoint.X - 5 && startPoint.X <= EndPoint.X + 5)
            {
                Width += dx;
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Height = Width;
                }
            }
            else if (startPoint.Y >= Y - 5 && startPoint.Y <= Y + 5)
            {
                Y = currentPoint.Y;
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Width = Height;
                }
            }
            else if (startPoint.Y >= EndPoint.Y - 5 && startPoint.Y <= EndPoint.Y + 5)
            {
                Height += dy;
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Width = Height;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the background brush as hatch.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hatchStyle">The hatch style.</param>
        public virtual void SetBackgroundBrushAsHatch(HatchStyle hatchStyle)
        {
            var brush = new HatchBrush(hatchStyle, BackgroundColor);
            BackgroundBrush = brush;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the background brush as linear gradient.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void SetBackgroundBrushAsLinearGradient()
        {
            var brush = new LinearGradientBrush(StartPoint, EndPoint, ForeColor, BackgroundColor);
            BackgroundBrush = brush;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the background brush as solid.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void SetBackgroundBrushAsSolid()
        {
            var brush = new SolidBrush(BackgroundColor);
            BackgroundBrush = brush;
        }
// Private Methods (1) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Calulates the size of the location and.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        private void CalulateLocationAndSize(PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint)
        {
            float x = 0, y = 0;
            float width = Math.Abs(endPoint.X - startPoint.X);
            float height = Math.Abs(endPoint.Y - startPoint.Y);
            if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }
            StartPoint = new PointF(x, y);
            EndPoint = new PointF(X + width, Y + height);
        }

#endregion Methods 
    }
}

• Shape: پارامترهای این سازنده به ترتیب عبارتند از نقطه شروع، نقطه پایان، عمق شی، رنگ قلم، ضخامت خط، آیا شی توپر باشد؟، و رنگ پر کردن شی، در این سازنده ابتدا توسط متدی به نام CalulateLocationAndSize(startPoint, endPoint); b نقاط ابتدا و انتهای شی مورد نظر تنظیم می‌شود، در متد مذکور بررسی می‌شود در صورتی که نقاط شروع و پایان یکی از حالت‌های 1 ، 2، 3، 4 از تصویر ابتدا پست باشد همگی تبدیل به حالت 1 خواهد شد.

سپس به تشریح متدهای کلاس Shape می‌پردازیم:

• Draw: این متد دارای یک پارامتر ورودی است که بوم گرافیکی مورد نظر می‌باشد، در واقع شی مورد نظر خود را بروی این بوم گرافیکی ترسیم می‌کند. در کلاس پایه کار این متد زیاد پیچیده نیست، در صورتی که شی در حالت انتخاب باشد (IsSelected = true) بروی شی مورد نظر 8 مربع کوچک ترسیم می‌شود و اگر شی مورد نظر خط باشد دو مربع کوچک در طرفین خط رسم می‌شود که نشان دهنده انتخاب شدن شی مورد نظر است. این متد به صورت virtual تعریف شده است یعنی کلاس هایی که از Shape ارث میبرند می‌توانند این متد را برای خود از نو بازنویسی کرده (override کنند) و تغییر رفتار دهند.
• HasPointInSahpe : این متد نیز به صورت virtual تعریف شده است دارای خروجی بولین می‌باشد. پارامتر‌های این متد عبارتند از یک نقطه و یک عدد که نشان دهنده تلرانش نقطه بر حسب پیکسل می‌باشد. کار این متد این است که یک نقطه را گرفته و بررسی می‌کند که آیا نقطه مورد نظر با تلرانس وارد شده آیا در داخل شی واقع شده است یا خیر (مثلا وجود نقطه در مستطیل یا وجود نقطه در دایره فرمول‌های متفاوتی دارند که در اینجا پیش فرض برای تمامی اشیا حالت مستطیل در نظر گرفته شده که می‌توانید آنها را بازنویسی (override) کنید).
  
• Move: این متد به عنوان پارامتر یک نقطه را گرفته و شی مورد نظر را به آن نقطه منتقل می‌کند در واقع نقطه شروع و پایان ترسیم شی را تغییر می‌دهد.
  
• Move: این متد نیز برای جابجایی شی به کار می‌رود، این متد دارای پارامترهای جابجابی در راستای محور Xها , جابجایی در راستای محور Yها؛ و شی مورد نظر را به آن نقطه منتقل می‌کند در واقع نقطه شروع و پایان ترسیم شی را با توجه به پارامترهای ورودی تغییر می‌دهد. 
• Resize: این متد نیز برای تغییر اندازه شی به کار می‌رود، این متد دارای پارامترهای تغییر اندازه در راستای محور Xها , تغییر اندازه در راستای محور Yها می‌باشد و نقطه پایان شی مورد نظر را تغییر می‌دهد اما نقطه شروع تغییری نمی‌کند.
  
• Resize: این متد نیز برای تغییر اندازه شی به کار می‌رود، در زمان تغییر اندازه شی با ماوس ابتدا یک نقطه شروع وجود دارد که ماوس در آن نقطه کلیک شده و شروع به درگ کردن شی جهت تغییر اندازه می‌کند (پارامتر اول این متد نقطه شروع درگ کردن جهت تغییر اندازه را مشخص می‌کند startPoint)، سپس در یک نقطه ای درگ کردن تمام می‌شود در این نقطه باید شی تغییر اندازه پیدا کرده و ترسیم شود ( پارامتر دوم این متد نقطه مذکور می‌باشد currentLocation). سپس با توجه با این دو نقطه بررسی می‌شود که تغییر اندازه در کدام جهت صورت گرفته است و اعداد جهت تغییرات نقاط شروع و پایان شی مورد نظر محاسبه می‌شوند. (مثلا تغییر اندازه در مستطیل از ضلع بالا به طرفین، یا از ضلع سمت راست به طرفین و ....). البته برای مربع و دایره باید کاری کنیم که طول و عرض تغییر اندازه یکسان باشد.
  
• CalulateLocationAndSize: این متد که در سازنده کلاس استفاده شده در واقع دو نقطه شروع و پایان را گرفته و با توجه به تصویر ابتدای پست حالت‌های 1 و 2 و3  و 4 را به حالت 1 تبدیل کرده و StartPoint و EndPoint را اصلاح می‌کند.
• SetBackgroundBrushAsHatch: این متد یک الگوی Brush گرفته و با توجه به رنگ پس زمینه شی خصوصیت BackgroundBrush را مقداردهی می‌کند.
  
• SetBackgroundBrushAsLinearGradient: این متد با توجه به خصوصیت ForeColor و BackgroundColor یک Gradiant Brush ساخته و آن را به خصوصیت
  BackgroundBrush نسبت می‌کند. 
• SetBackgroundBrushAsSolid: یک الگوی پر کردن توپر برای شی مورد نظر با توجه به خصوصیت BackgroundColor شی ایجاد کرده و آن را به خصوصیت BackgroundBrush شی نسبت می‌دهد.
  

تذکر: متد‌های Move، Resize و HasPointInShape به صورت virtual تعریف شده تا کلاس‌های مشتق شده در صورت نیاز خود کد رفتار مورد نظر خود را override کرده یا از همین رفتار استفاده نمایند.

خوشحال می‌شم در صورتی که در Refactoring کد نوشته شده با من همکاری کنید.

در پست‌های آینده به بررسی و پیاده سازی دیگر کلاس‌ها خواهیم پرداخت.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;

namespace EF_General.Models.Ex18
{
    public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { set; get; }
        public string UserName { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("CartableId")]
        public virtual Cartable Cartable { set; get; } // one-to-zero-or-one
        public int? CartableId { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Doc> Docs { set; get; } // one-to-many
    }

    public class Doc
    {
        public int DocId { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("UserProfileId")]
        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { set; get; }
        public int UserProfileId { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Cartable> Cartables { set; get; } // many-to-many
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        public int CartableId { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("UserProfileId")]
        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { set; get; }
        public int UserProfileId { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Doc> Docs { set; get; } // many-to-many
    }

    public class UserProfileMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<UserProfile>
    {
        public UserProfileMap()
        {
            this.HasOptional(x => x.Cartable)
                .WithRequired(x => x.UserProfile)
                .WillCascadeOnDelete();
        }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<UserProfile> UserProfiles { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Doc> Docs { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Cartable> Cartables { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserProfileMap());
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                var user = context.UserProfiles.Find(1);
                if (user != null)
                    Console.WriteLine(user.UserName);
            }
        }
    }
}

Introducing FOREIGN KEY constraint 'FK_DocCartables_Cartables_Cartable_CartableId' 
on table 'DocCartables' may cause cycles or multiple cascade paths. Specify 
ON DELETE NO ACTION or ON UPDATE NO ACTION, or modify other FOREIGN KEY constraints.
Could not create constraint. See previous errors.

public int? UserProfileId { set; get; }

The referential relationship will result in a cyclical reference that is not allowed. [ Constraint name =  ]

 SELECT * INTO #temptable FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Products]
UPDATE #temptable SET [UnitPrice] = [UnitPrice] + 10

DECLARE @tempTable TABLE
(
   [ProductID] [int] NOT NULL,
   [ProductName] [nvarchar](40) NOT NULL,
   [UnitPrice] [money] NULL
)
 
INSERT INTO @tempTable
SELECT
   [ProductID],
   [ProductName],
   [UnitPrice]
FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Products]
 
UPDATE @temptable SET [UnitPrice] = [UnitPrice] + 10

WITH yourName [(Column1, Column2, ...)]
AS
(
   your query
)

WITH temp
AS
(
    SELECT
         [ProductName],
         [UnitPrice]
    FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Products]
)
SELECT * FROM temp
ORDER BY [UnitPrice] DESC

WITH orderSales (OrderID, Total)
AS
(
   SELECT
      [OrderID],
     SUM([UnitPrice]*[Quantity]) AS Total
   FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Order Details]
   GROUP BY [OrderID]
)
SELECT
   O.[ShipCountry],
   SUM(OS.[Total]) AS TotalSales
FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Orders] AS O INNER JOIN [orderSales] AS OS
ON O.[OrderID] = OS.[OrderID]
GROUP BY O.[ShipCountry]
ORDER BY TotalSales DESC

WITH customerList
AS
(
   SELECT
      [CustomerID],
      [ContactName]
   FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Customers]
   WHERE [Country] ='UK'
)
,orderList
AS
(
   SELECT
      [CustomerID],
      [OrderDate]
   FROM [Northwind].[dbo].[Orders]
   WHERE YEAR([OrderDate])< 2000
)
SELECT
   cl.[ContactName],
   YEAR(ol.[OrderDate]) AS SalesYear
FROM customerList AS cl JOIN orderList AS ol
ON cl.[CustomerID] = ol.[CustomerID]

WITH digitList
AS
(
   SELECT [digit] from [digits]
)
SELECT
   a.[digit] * 10 + b.[digit] + 1 AS [Digit]
FROM [digitList] AS a CROSSJOIN [digitList] AS b

WITH CTE_1 AS
(
   ....
),
CTE_2 AS
(
   SELECT  ... FROM CTE_1 JOIN ...
)
SELECT   *
FROM FOO
LEFTJOIN  CTE_1
LEFTJOIN  CTE_2

WITH cteName AS
(
   query1
   UNION ALL
   query2
)

IFOBJECT_ID('Employees','U')ISNOTNULL
DROPTABLE dbo.Employees
GO 

CREATETABLE dbo.Employees
(
  EmployeeID intNOTNULLPRIMARYKEY,
  FirstName varchar(50)NOTNULL,
  LastName varchar(50)NOTNULL,
  ManagerID intNULL
)

GO


INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (101,'Alireza','Nematollahi',NULL)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (102,'Ahmad','Mofarrahzadeh', 101)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (103,'Mohammad','BozorgGhommi', 102)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (104,'Masoud','Narimani', 103)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (105,'Mohsen','Hashemi', 103)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (106,'Aref','Partovi', 102)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (107,'Hosain','Mahmoudi', 106)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (108,'Naser','Pourali', 106)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (109,'Reza','Bagheri', 102)
INSERTINTO Employees VALUES (110,'Abbas','Najafian', 102)

WITHcteReports(EmpID, FirstName, LastName, MgrID, EmpLevel)
AS
(
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID, 1
FROM Employees
WHERE ManagerID ISNULL
UNIONALL
SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.FirstName, e.LastName, e.ManagerID,r.EmpLevel + 1
FROM Employees e INNERJOINcteReports r
ON e.ManagerID = r.EmpID
)
SELECT
FirstName +' '+ LastName AS FullName,
EmpLevel,
(SELECT FirstName +' '+ LastName FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = cteReports.MgrID)AS Manager
FROMcteReports
ORDERBY EmpLevel, MgrID

WITHcteReports(EmpID, FirstName, LastName, MgrID, EmpLevel)
AS
(
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, ManagerID, 1
FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeID = 110
UNIONALL
SELECTe.EmployeeID, e.FirstName, e.LastName, e.ManagerID,r.EmpLevel + 1
FROM Employees e INNERJOINcteReports r
ON e.EmployeeID = r.MgrID
)
SELECT
FirstName +' '+ LastName AS FullName,
EmpLevel
FROMcteReports
ORDERBY EmpLevel

<Project>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <AnalysisLevel>latest</AnalysisLevel>
    <AnalysisMode>AllEnabledByDefault</AnalysisMode>
    <CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors>true</CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors>
    <EnableNETAnalyzers>true</EnableNETAnalyzers>
    <EnforceCodeStyleInBuild>true</EnforceCodeStyleInBuild>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
    <RunAnalyzersDuringBuild>true</RunAnalyzersDuringBuild>
    <RunAnalyzersDuringLiveAnalysis>true</RunAnalyzersDuringLiveAnalysis>
    <!--
      CA2007: Consider calling ConfigureAwait on the awaited task
      MA0004: Use Task.ConfigureAwait(false) as the current SynchronizationContext is not needed
      CA1056: Change the type of property 'Url' from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
      CA1054: Change the type of parameter of the method to allow a Uri to be passed as a 'System.Uri' object
      CA1055: Change the return type of method from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
    -->
    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CA2007;CA1056;CA1054;CA1055;MA0004</NoWarn>
    <NoError>$(NoError);CA2007;CA1056;CA1054;CA1055;MA0004</NoError>
    <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
    <Features>strict</Features>
    <ReportAnalyzer>true</ReportAnalyzer>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.NetAnalyzers" Version="5.0.1">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Meziantou.Analyzer" Version="1.0.639">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading.Analyzers" Version="16.8.55">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers" Version="3.3.2">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="AsyncFixer" Version="1.3.0">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Asyncify" Version="0.9.7">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="ClrHeapAllocationAnalyzer" Version="3.0.0">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="SonarAnalyzer.CSharp" Version="8.16.0.25740">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <AdditionalFiles Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)BannedSymbols.txt" Link="Properties/BannedSymbols.txt" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

# https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn-analyzers/blob/master/src/Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers/BannedApiAnalyzers.Help.md
P:System.DateTime.Now;Use System.DateTime.UtcNow instead
P:System.DateTimeOffset.Now;Use System.DateTimeOffset.UtcNow instead
P:System.DateTimeOffset.DateTime;Use System.DateTimeOffset.UtcDateTime instead

[*.cs]

# MA0026 : Complete the task
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0026.severity = suggestion

# CA1308: In method 'urlToLower', replace the call to 'ToLowerInvariant' with 'ToUpperInvariant' (CA1308)
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1308.severity = suggestion

# CA1040: Avoid empty interfaces
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1040.severity = suggestion

# CA1829 Use the "Count" property instead of Enumerable.Count()
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1829.severity = suggestion

# Use 'Count' property here instead.
dotnet_diagnostic.S2971.severity = suggestion

# S1135 : Complete the task
dotnet_diagnostic.S1135.severity = suggestion

# S2479: Replace the control character at position 7 by its escape sequence
dotnet_diagnostic.S2479.severity = suggestion

# CA2007: Consider calling ConfigureAwait on the awaited task
dotnet_diagnostic.CA2007.severity = none

# MA0004: Use Task.ConfigureAwait(false) as the current SynchronizationContext is not needed
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0004.severity = none

# CA1056: Change the type of property 'Url' from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1056.severity = suggestion

# CA1054: Change the type of parameter of the method to allow a Uri to be passed as a 'System.Uri' object
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1054.severity = suggestion

# CA1055: Change the return type of method from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1055.severity = suggestion

# S4457: Split this method into two, one handling parameters check and the other handling the asynchronous code.
dotnet_diagnostic.S4457.severity = none

# AsyncFixer01: Unnecessary async/await usage
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer01.severity = suggestion

# AsyncFixer02: Long-running or blocking operations inside an async method
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer02.severity = error

# VSTHRD103: Call async methods when in an async method
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD103.severity = error

# AsyncFixer03: Fire & forget async void methods
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer03.severity = error

# VSTHRD100: Avoid async void methods
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD100.severity = error

# VSTHRD101: Avoid unsupported async delegates
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD101.severity = error

# VSTHRD107: Await Task within using expression
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD107.severity = error

# AsyncFixer04: Fire & forget async call inside a using block
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer04.severity = error

# VSTHRD110: Observe result of async calls
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD110.severity = error

# VSTHRD002: Avoid problematic synchronous waits
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD002.severity = suggestion

# MA0045: Do not use blocking call (make method async)
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0045.severity = suggestion

# AsyncifyInvocation: Use Task Async
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncifyInvocation.severity = error

# AsyncifyVariable: Use Task Async
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncifyVariable.severity = error

# VSTHRD111: Use ConfigureAwait(bool)
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD111.severity = none

# MA0022: Return Task.FromResult instead of returning null
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0022.severity = error

# VSTHRD114: Avoid returning a null Task
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD114.severity = error

# VSTHRD200: Use "Async" suffix for async methods
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD200.severity = suggestion

# MA0040: Specify a cancellation token
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0032.severity = suggestion

# MA0040: Flow the cancellation token when available
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0040.severity = suggestion

# MA0079: Use a cancellation token using .WithCancellation()
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0079.severity = suggestion

# MA0080: Use a cancellation token using .WithCancellation()
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0080.severity = error

#AsyncFixer05: Downcasting from a nested task to an outer task.
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer05.severity = error

# ClrHeapAllocationAnalyzer ----------------------------------------------------
# HAA0301: Closure Allocation Source
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0301.severity = suggestion

# HAA0601: Value type to reference type conversion causing boxing allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0601.severity = suggestion

# HAA0302: Display class allocation to capture closure
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0302.severity = suggestion

# HAA0101: Array allocation for params parameter
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0101.severity = suggestion

# HAA0603: Delegate allocation from a method group
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0603.severity = suggestion

# HAA0602: Delegate on struct instance caused a boxing allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0602.severity = suggestion

# HAA0401: Possible allocation of reference type enumerator
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0401.severity = silent

# HAA0303: Lambda or anonymous method in a generic method allocates a delegate instance
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0303.severity = silent

# HAA0102: Non-overridden virtual method call on value type
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0102.severity = silent

# HAA0502: Explicit new reference type allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0502.severity = none

# HAA0505: Initializer reference type allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0505.severity = silent

dotnet_diagnostic.CA1308.severity = suggestion

[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA1052:Type 'Program' is a static holder type but is neither static nor NotInheritable",
  Justification = "We need it for our integration tests this way.")]
[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "RCS1102:Type 'Program' is a static holder type but is neither static nor NotInheritable",
  Justification = "We need it for our integration tests this way.")]
[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "S1118:Type 'Program' is a static holder type but is neither static nor NotInheritable",
  Justification = "We need it for our integration tests this way.")]
public class Program { }

interface IProduct
{
       //  در اینجا  برحسب نیاز فیلدها  و یا امضای متد‌ها قرار می‌گیرند 
}

class ConcreteProductA : IProduct
{
      // A پیاده سازی 
}
 
class ConcreteProductB : IProduct
{
      // B پیاده سازی 
}

abstract class Creator
{
          // این متد بر اساس نوع ورودی انتخاب مناسب را انجام و باز می‌گرداند
           public abstract IProduct FactoryMethod(string type);
}

class ConcreteCreator : Creator
{
     public override IProduct FactoryMethod(string type)
    {
            switch (type)
           {
                case "A": return new ConcreteProductA();
                case "B": return new ConcreteProductB();
                default: throw new ArgumentException("Invalid type", "type");
           }
     }
}

public class ImageSize
    {
        public int Height
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }

public class ImageResizer
    {
        public ImageSize Resize(ImageSize originalSize, ImageSize targetSize)
        {
            var aspectRatio = (float)originalSize.Width / (float)originalSize.Height;
            var width = targetSize.Width;
            var height = targetSize.Height;

            if (originalSize.Width > targetSize.Width || originalSize.Height > targetSize.Height)
            {
                if (aspectRatio > 1)
                {
                    height = (int)(targetSize.Height / aspectRatio);
                }
                else
                {
                    width = (int)(targetSize.Width * aspectRatio);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                width = originalSize.Width;
                height = originalSize.Height;
            }

            return new ImageSize
            {
                Width = Math.Max(width, 1),
                Height = Math.Max(height, 1)
            };
        }
    }

 public class ThumbnailCreator
    {
        private static readonly IDictionary<string, ImageFormat> ImageFormats = new Dictionary<string, ImageFormat>{
            {"image/png", ImageFormat.Png},
            {"image/gif", ImageFormat.Gif},
            {"image/jpeg", ImageFormat.Jpeg}
        };

        private readonly ImageResizer resizer;

        public ThumbnailCreator()
        {
            this.resizer = new ImageResizer();
        }

        public byte[] Create(Stream source, ImageSize desiredSize, string contentType)
        {
            using (var image = Image.FromStream(source))
            {
                var originalSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Height = image.Height,
                    Width = image.Width
                };

                var size = resizer.Resize(originalSize, desiredSize);

                using (var thumbnail = new Bitmap(size.Width, size.Height))
                {
                    ScaleImage(image, thumbnail);

                    using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        thumbnail.Save(memoryStream, ImageFormats[contentType]);

                        return memoryStream.ToArray();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void ScaleImage(Image source, Image destination)
        {
            using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(destination))
            {
                graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
                graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
                graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
                graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
                graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

                graphics.DrawImage(source, 0, 0, destination.Width, destination.Height);
            }
        }
    }

private FileContentResult CreateThumbnail(string physicalPath)
        {
            using (var fileStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(physicalPath))
            {
                var desiredSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Width = ThumbnailWidth,
                    Height = ThumbnailHeight
                };


                string contentType = MimeMapping.GetMimeMapping(physicalPath);
                return File(thumbnailCreator.Create(fileStream, desiredSize, contentType), contentType);
            }
        }

 public virtual ActionResult GetThumbnail(string path)
        {
            path = GetSafeFileAndDirPath(path);
          //  return File(path, contentType); 
            return CreateThumbnail(path);
        }