• ViewData یک نوع دیکشنری ویژه است که از ViewDataDictionary ارث بری کرده است.
  
• برای ارسال اطلاعات از controller به view استفاده می‌شود.
  
• مدت زمان اعتبار مقادیر آن تنها در request جاری است.
  
• اگر redirect بین صفحات رخ دهد، مقدار آن null خواهد شد.
  
• به دلایل امنیتی باید قبل از استفاده، null بودن آن تست شود.
  
• برای بهره برداری باید cast صورت پذیرد.
  

• یک نوع dynamic است (این نوع در c# 4 معرفی شده است).
  
• مانند ViewData برای ارسال اطلاعات از کنترلر به view استفاده می‌شود.
  
• مدت زمان اعتبار مقادیر آن تنها در request جاری است.
  
• اگر redirect بین صفحات رخ دهد، مقدار آن null خواهد شد.
  
• به دلایل امنیتی باید قبل از استفاده، null بودن آن تست شود.
  
• برای بهره برداری، cast نیاز نیست. بنابراین سریعتر عمل می‌کند.
  

• نوع خاصی از دیکشنری است که از TempDataDictionary مشتق شده است.
  
• مدت عمر کوتاهی دارد و برای ارسال اطلاعات بین صفحات (در redirect) قابل استفاده است.
  
• وقتی view‌ها به صورت کامل اجرا شود، مقادیر آن null می‌شود.
  
• به دلایل امنیتی باید قبل از استفاده، null بودن آن تست شود.
  
• برای بهره برداری باید cast صورت پذیرد.
  

• برای ارسال اطلاعات بین request‌های مختلف مورد بهره برداری قرار می‌گیرد.
  
• مقادیر آن null نمی‌شود. تنها پس از گذشت زمان مشخصی (session expire) مقادیر آن null می‌شود.
  
• به دلایل امنیتی باید قبل از استفاده null بودن آن تست شود.
  
• برای بهره برداری، باید cast صورت پذیرد.  
  

using System;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }


        public bool IsDeleted { set; get; }
        public DateTime? DeletedAt { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public class Blog : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Post> Posts { set; get; }
    }

    public class BlogConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Blog>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Blog> builder)
        {
            builder.Property(blog => blog.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
            builder.HasIndex(blog => blog.Name).IsUnique();

            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 1, Name = "Blog 1" });
            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 2, Name = "Blog 2" });
            builder.HasData(new Blog { Id = 3, Name = "Blog 3" });
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.Entities
{
    public class Post : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }

        public Blog Blog { set; get; }
        public int BlogId { set; get; }
    }

    public class PostConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Post>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Post> builder)
        {
            builder.Property(post => post.Title).HasMaxLength(450);
            builder.HasOne(post => post.Blog).WithMany(blog => blog.Posts).HasForeignKey(post => post.BlogId);

            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 1, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 1" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 2, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 2" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 3, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 3" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 4, BlogId = 1, Title = "Post 4" });
            builder.HasData(new Post { Id = 5, BlogId = 2, Title = "Post 5" });
        }
    }
}

    public class BlogConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Blog>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Blog> builder)
        {
            // ...
            builder.HasQueryFilter(blog => !blog.IsDeleted);
        }
    }

SELECT [b].[Id], [b].[DeletedAt], [b].[IsDeleted], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
WHERE [b].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public static class GlobalFiltersManager
    {
        public static void ApplySoftDeleteQueryFilters(this ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model
                                                    .GetEntityTypes()
                                                    .Where(eType => typeof(BaseEntity).IsAssignableFrom(eType.ClrType)))
            {
                entityType.addSoftDeleteQueryFilter();
            }
        }

        private static void addSoftDeleteQueryFilter(this IMutableEntityType entityData)
        {
            var methodToCall = typeof(GlobalFiltersManager)
                                .GetMethod(nameof(getSoftDeleteFilter), BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static)
                                .MakeGenericMethod(entityData.ClrType);
            var filter = methodToCall.Invoke(null, new object[] { });
            entityData.SetQueryFilter((LambdaExpression)filter);
        }

        private static LambdaExpression getSoftDeleteFilter<TEntity>() where TEntity : BaseEntity
        {
            return (Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>)(entity => !entity.IsDeleted);
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {

        //...


        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            modelBuilder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(typeof(BaseEntity).Assembly);
            modelBuilder.ApplySoftDeleteQueryFilters();
        }

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public static class AuditableEntitiesManager
    {
        public static void SetAuditableEntityOnBeforeSaveChanges(this ApplicationDbContext context)
        {
            var now = DateTime.UtcNow;

            foreach (var entry in context.ChangeTracker.Entries<BaseEntity>())
            {
                switch (entry.State)
                {
                    case EntityState.Added:
                        //TODO: ...
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Modified:
                        //TODO: ...
                        break;
                    case EntityState.Deleted:
                        entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged; //NOTE: For soft-deletes to work with the original `Remove` method.

                        entry.Entity.IsDeleted = true;
                        entry.Entity.DeletedAt = now;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var post1 = context.Posts.Find(1);
if (post1 != null)
{
   context.Remove(post1);

   context.SaveChanges();
}

Executing DbCommand [Parameters=[@p2='1', @p0='2020-09-17T05:11:32' (Nullable = true), @p1='True'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p0, [IsDeleted] = @p1
WHERE [Id] = @p2;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

namespace EFCoreSoftDelete.DataLayer
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        // ...

        public override int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess)
        {
            ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();

            beforeSaveTriggers();

            ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false; // for performance reasons, to avoid calling DetectChanges() again.
            var result = base.SaveChanges(acceptAllChangesOnSuccess);

            ChangeTracker.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;
            return result;
        }

        // ...

        private void beforeSaveTriggers()
        {
            setAuditProperties();
        }

        private void setAuditProperties()
        {
            this.SetAuditableEntityOnBeforeSaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

 ar blog1 = context.Blogs.FirstOrDefault(blog => blog.Id == 1);
if (blog1 != null)
{
   context.Remove(blog1);

   context.SaveChanges();
}

var blog1AndItsRelatedPosts = context.Blogs
    .Include(blog => blog.Posts)
    .FirstOrDefault(blog => blog.Id == 1);
if (blog1AndItsRelatedPosts != null)
{
    context.Remove(blog1AndItsRelatedPosts);

    context.SaveChanges();
}

SELECT [t].[Id], [t].[DeletedAt], [t].[IsDeleted], [t].[Name], [t0].[Id], [t0].[BlogId], [t0].[DeletedAt], [t0].[IsDeleted], [t0].[Title]
FROM (
SELECT TOP(1) [b].[Id], [b].[DeletedAt], [b].[IsDeleted], [b].[Name]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]
WHERE ([b].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)) AND ([b].[Id] = 1)
) AS [t]
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT [p].[Id], [p].[BlogId], [p].[DeletedAt], [p].[IsDeleted], [p].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
WHERE [p].[IsDeleted] <> CAST(1 AS bit)
) AS [t0] ON [t].[Id] = [t0].[BlogId]
ORDER BY [t].[Id], [t0].[Id]

Executing DbCommand [Parameters=[@p2='1', @p0='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p1='True',
 @p5='2', @p3='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p4='True', @p8='3',
@p6='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p7='True',
 @p11='4', @p9='2020-09-17T05:25:00' (Nullable = true), @p10='True'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']

SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Blogs] SET [DeletedAt] = @p0, [IsDeleted] = @p1
WHERE [Id] = @p2;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p3, [IsDeleted] = @p4
WHERE [Id] = @p5;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p6, [IsDeleted] = @p7
WHERE [Id] = @p8;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

UPDATE [Posts] SET [DeletedAt] = @p9, [IsDeleted] = @p10
WHERE [Id] = @p11;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

SELECT * FROM Payment AS pay JOIN Document AS doc
ON pay.DocumentId = doc.Id

sp_addlinkedserver 'MyServer', '', 'SQLNCLI', '.\sqlexpress'

SELECT * FROM MyServer.test.dbo.tbl

sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'MyServer',@rmtuser='user1', @rmtpassword='abc123'

{
    "dependencies": {
         //same as before  
         "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json": "1.0.0"
    },

{
    "Key1": "Value1",
    "Auth": {
        "Users": [ "Test1", "Test2", "Test3" ]
    },
    "Logging": {
        "IncludeScopes": false,
        "LogLevel": {
            "Default": "Debug",
            "System": "Information",
            "Microsoft": "Information"
        }
    }
}

<appSettings>
   <add key="Logging-IncludeScopes" value="false" />
   <add key="Logging-Level-Default" value="verbose" />
   <add key="Logging-Level-System" value="Information" />
   <add key="Logging-Level-Microsoft" value="Information" />
</appSettings>

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }
 
    public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                            .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
                            .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");
        Configuration = builder.Build();
    }

var key1 = Configuration["Key1"];
var user1 = Configuration["Auth:Users:0"];
var authUsers = Configuration.GetSection("Auth:Users").GetChildren().Select(x => x.Value).ToArray();
var loggingIncludeScopes = Configuration["Logging:IncludeScopes"];
var loggingLoggingLogLevelDefault = Configuration["Logging:LogLevel:Default"];

 var val = Configuration.GetValue<int>("key-name", defaultValue: 10);

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }

var container = new Container();
container.Configure(config =>
{
    config.For<IConfigurationRoot>().Singleton().Use(() => Configuration);

{ 
    "dependencies": {
        //same as before 
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions": "1.0.0"
    }

public interface IMessagesService
{
    string GetSiteName();
}
 
public class MessagesService : IMessagesService
{
    private readonly IConfigurationRoot _configurationRoot;
 
    public MessagesService(IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot)
    {
        _configurationRoot = configurationRoot;
    }
 
    public string GetSiteName()
    {
        var key1 = _configurationRoot["Key1"];
        return $"DNT {key1}";
    }
}

public void Configure(
    IApplicationBuilder app,
    IHostingEnvironment env,
    IMessagesService messagesService)
{ 
    app.Run(async context =>
    {
        var siteName = messagesService.GetSiteName();
        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Hello {siteName}");
    });
}

var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                    .AddInMemoryCollection(new[]
                                {
                                    new KeyValuePair<string,string>("the-key", "the-value"),
                                });

 var theValue = Configuration["the-key"];

public class Startup
{
    public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { set; get; }
 
    public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                            .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
                            .AddInMemoryCollection(new[]
                                {
                                    new KeyValuePair<string,string>("the-key", "the-value"),
                                })
                            .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", reloadOnChange: true, optional: false)
                            .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env}.json", optional: true);
        Configuration = builder.Build();
    }

 var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
.AddEnvironmentVariables();

{
    "Key1": "Value1",
    "Auth": {
        "Users": [ "Test1", "Test2", "Test3" ]
    },
    "Logging": {
        "IncludeScopes": false,
        "LogLevel": {
            "Default": "Debug",
            "System": "Information",
            "Microsoft": "Information"
        }
    },
    "Smtp": {
        "Server": "0.0.0.1",
        "User": "user@company.com",
        "Pass": "123456789",
        "Port": "25"
    }
}

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels
{
    public class SmtpConfig
    {
        public string Server { get; set; }
        public string User { get; set; }
        public string Pass { get; set; }
        public int Port { get; set; }
    }
}

{
    "dependencies": {
        // same as before        
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels": "1.0.0-*"
    },

public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.Configure<SmtpConfig>(options => Configuration.GetSection("Smtp").Bind(options));

    "dependencies": {
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels": "1.0.0-*",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions": "1.0.0",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Options": "1.0.0",
        "NETStandard.Library": "1.6.0"
    }

public interface IMessagesService
{
    string GetSiteName();
}
 
public class MessagesService : IMessagesService
{
    private readonly IConfigurationRoot _configurationRoot;
    private readonly IOptions<SmtpConfig> _settings;
 
    public MessagesService(IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot, IOptions<SmtpConfig> settings)
    {
        _configurationRoot = configurationRoot;
        _settings = settings;
    }
 
    public string GetSiteName()
    {
        var key1 = _configurationRoot["Key1"];
        var server = _settings.Value.Server;
        return $"DNT {key1} - {server}";
    }
}

 .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)

1. C#/.NET Little Wonders: Null Conditional Operator in C# 6 
   
2. misuses of ?. operator in C# 6  
3. C#6: Null-conditional operators  
4. The New and Improved C# 6.0
5. Null-Conditional Operator in C# 6.0 
   

 if (imageName == null)
     return Json(new { success = false }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

 return Json(new { success = false }, "text/html", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

    public class Tags
    {
        public Tags()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPostsJoinTags
    {
        public virtual BlogPosts BlogPost { get; set; }
        public int BlogPostId { get; set; }

        public virtual Tags Tag { get; set; }
        public int TagId { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPosts
    {
        public BlogPosts()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Body { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogPosts>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Title)
                    .IsRequired()
                    .HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Tags>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Name)
                    .IsRequired()
                    .HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogPostsJoinTags>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.TagId, e.BlogPostId })
                    .HasName("PK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.BlogPostId)
                    .HasName("IX_BlogPostId");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.TagId)
                    .HasName("IX_TagId");

                entity.HasOne(d => d.BlogPost)
                    .WithMany(p => p.BlogPostsJoinTags)
                    .HasForeignKey(d => d.BlogPostId)
                    .HasConstraintName("FK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags_dbo.BlogPosts_BlogPostId");

                entity.HasOne(d => d.Tag)
                    .WithMany(p => p.BlogPostsJoinTags)
                    .HasForeignKey(d => d.TagId)
                    .HasConstraintName("FK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags_dbo.Tags_TagId");
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<BlogPosts> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<Tags> Tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class Tags
    {
        public Tags()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength(450)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("Tag")]
        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPostsJoinTags
    {
        [ForeignKey("BlogPostId")]
        [InverseProperty("BlogPostsJoinTags")]
        public virtual BlogPosts BlogPost { get; set; }
        public int BlogPostId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("TagId")]
        [InverseProperty("BlogPostsJoinTags")]
        public virtual Tags Tag { get; set; }
        public int TagId { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPosts
    {
        public BlogPosts()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength(450)]
        public string Title { get; set; }

        public string Body { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("BlogPost")]
        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogPostsJoinTags>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.TagId, e.BlogPostId })
                    .HasName("PK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.BlogPostId)
                    .HasName("IX_BlogPostId");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.TagId)
                    .HasName("IX_TagId");
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<BlogPosts> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<Tags> Tags { get; set; }
    }

 var post = new BlogPosts { ... };
context.BlogPosts.Add(post);

var tag = new Tags { ... };
context.Tags.Add(tag);

var postTag = new BlogPostsJoinTags { Tag = tag, BlogPost = post };
context.PostsTags.Add(postTag);

context.SaveChanges();

            BlogPosts post1 = this.BlogPosts
                  .Include(blogPosts => blogPosts.BlogPostsJoinTags)
                    .ThenInclude(joinTags => joinTags.Tag)
                  .First(blogPosts => blogPosts.Id == 1);
            IEnumerable<Tags> post1Tags = post1.BlogPostsJoinTags.Select(x => x.Tag);