public class User
    {
        public ShoppingCart ShoppingCart { get; set; }
        public void AddItem(string name) {
            // User class must know how to create OrderItem
            var item = new OrderItem() { Name = name };

            // User class must know how to add item to shopping cart
            ShoppingCart.Items.Add(item);
            
        }
        public void CheckOut() {
            // User class must know logic behind cost and discount calculations:
            // check for discount
            // check shipping method
            // check promotions
            // calculate total cost of items 
        }
    }
    public class OrderItem
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

    }
    public class ShoppingCart
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public List<OrderItem> Items { get; set; }
       
    }

 public class User
    {
        public ShoppingCart ShoppingCart { get; set; }
        
    }
    public class OrderItem
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

    }
    public class ShoppingCart
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public List<OrderItem> Items { get; set; }
        public void AddItem(string name)
        {
            // ShoppingCart class know how to create OrderItem
            var item = new OrderItem() { Name = name };

            // ShoppingCart class already know how to add item 
            Items.Add(item);

        }
        public void CheckOut()
        {
            // ShoppingCart class know logic behind cost and discount calculations:
            // check for discount
            // check shipping method
            // check promotions
            // calculate total cost of items 
        }
    }

public class ShapeWithoutPolymorphism
    {
        public double X { get; set; }
        public double Y { get; set; }
        public double Z { get; set; }
        public double Area(string shapeType)
        {
            switch (shapeType)
            {
                case "square":
                    return X * Y;
                case "rectangle":
                    return X * Y;
                case "trapze":
                    return (X + Z) * Y / 2;
                default:
                    return 0;
            }
        }
    }

  public abstract class Shape
    {
        public double X { get; set; }
        public double Y { get; set; }
        public virtual double Area()
        {
            return X * Y;
        }
    }
    public class Rectangle : Shape
    {
        // No need to override
    }
    public class Square : Shape
    {
        // No need to override
    }
    public class Trapze : Shape
    {
        public double Z { get; set; }
        public override double Area()
        {
            return (X + Z) * Y / 2;

        }
    }

public class User
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }

    public class LibraryManagement
    {
        public User CurrentUser { get; set; }
        public void AddBookToLibrary(int bookId)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority:
            // not user's responsibility nor LibraryManagement
        }
        public void RearrangeBook(int bookId, int shelfId)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority
            // not user's responsibility nor LibraryManagement
        }
    }
    public class UserManagement
    {
        public User CurrentUser { get; set; }
        public void AddUser(string name)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority:
            // not user's responsibility nor UserManagement
        }
        public void ChangeUserRole(int userId, int roleId)
        {
            // check for CurrentUser authority
            // not user's responsibility nor UserManagement
        }
    }
    public class AuthorizationService
    {
        public bool IsAuthorized(int userId, int roleId)
        {
            // get user roles from data base
            // return true if user has the authority
        }
    }

 CREATE TABLE xmlTest
(
 id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
 doc XML
)
GO
INSERT xmlTest VALUES('<Person name="Vahid" />')
INSERT xmlTest VALUES('<Person name="Farid" />')
INSERT xmlTest VALUES('<Person name="Mehdi" /><Person name="Hamid" />')
GO

 SELECT doc.query('
for $p in //Person
where $p/@name="Vahid"
return <li>{data($p/@name)} has id = {sql:column("xmlTest.id")}</li>
')
FROM xmlTest

 <li>Vahid has id = 1</li>

 SELECT doc.query('
for $p in //Person
where $p/@name="Vahid"
return <li>{data($p/@name)} has id = {sql:column("xmlTest.id")}</li>
')
FROM xmlTest
WHERE doc.exist('
for $p in //Person
where $p/@name="Vahid"
return <li>{data($p/@name)} has id = {sql:column("xmlTest.id")}</li>
')=1

 SELECT * FROM
(
 (SELECT doc.query('
 for $p in //Person
 where $p/@name="Vahid"
 return <li>{data($p/@name)} has id = {sql:column("xmlTest.id")}</li>
 ') AS col1
 FROM xmlTest)
) A
WHERE CONVERT(VARCHAR(8000), col1)<>''

 DECLARE @number INT = 1
SELECT doc.query('
for $p in //Person
where $p/@name="Vahid"
return <li>{data($p/@name)} has number = {sql:variable("@number")}</li>
')
FROM xmlTest

 SELECT doc.query('/Person') FROM xmlTest

 DECLARE @doc XML
SET @doc = (SELECT * FROM xmlTest FOR XML AUTO, ELEMENTS)
SELECT @doc.query('/xmlTest/doc/Person')

 DECLARE @doc XML ='
<people>
  <person><name>Vahid</name></person>
  <person><name id="2">Farid</name></person>
  <person><name>Mehdi</name></person>
  <person><name>Hooshang</name><name id="1">Hooshi</name></person>
  <person></person>
</people>
'

 SELECT @doc.value('/people/person/name', 'varchar(50)')

 SELECT @doc.value('(/people/person/name)[1]', 'varchar(50)')

 SELECT @doc.query('/people/person/name')

 <name>Vahid</name>
<name id="2">Farid</name>
<name>Mehdi</name>
<name>Hooshang</name>
<name id="1">Hooshi</name>

 SELECT
tab.col.value('text()[1]', 'varchar(50)') AS name,
tab.col.query('.'),
tab.col.query('..')
from @doc.nodes('/people/person/name') AS tab(col)

 tab.col.query('.'),

 SELECT
tab.col.value('.', 'varchar(50)') AS name,
tab.col.query('data(.)'),
tab.col.query('.'),
tab.col.query('..')
from @doc.nodes('/people/person/name') AS tab(col)

 SELECT
tab.col.value('name[.="Farid"][1]', 'varchar(50)') AS name,
tab.col.value('name[.="Farid"][1]/@id', 'varchar(50)') AS id,
tab.col.query('.')
from @doc.nodes('/people/person[name="Farid"]') AS tab(col)

 DECLARE @tblXML TABLE (
 id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
 doc XML
 )

INSERT @tblXML VALUES('<person name="Vahid" />')
INSERT @tblXML VALUES('<person name="Farid" />')
INSERT @tblXML VALUES('<person />')
INSERT @tblXML VALUES(NULL)

SELECT
id,
doc.value('(/person/@name)[1]', 'varchar(50)') AS name
FROM @tblXML

 CREATE PROCEDURE LookForPhysicalOps (@op VARCHAR(30))
AS
SELECT sql.text, qs.EXECUTION_COUNT, qs.*, p.*
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) sql
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(plan_handle) p
WHERE query_plan.exist('
declare default element namespace "http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/07/showplan";
/ShowPlanXML/BatchSequence/Batch/Statements//RelOp/@PhysicalOp[. = sql:variable("@op")]
') = 1
GO

EXECUTE LookForPhysicalOps 'Table Scan'
EXECUTE LookForPhysicalOps 'Clustered Index Scan'
EXECUTE LookForPhysicalOps 'Hash Match'

 WITH XMLNAMESPACES(DEFAULT N'http://schemas.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2004/07/showplan')
SELECT RelOp.op.value(N'../../@NodeId', N'int') AS ParentOperationID,
RelOp.op.value(N'@NodeId', N'int') AS OperationID,
RelOp.op.value(N'@PhysicalOp', N'varchar(50)') AS PhysicalOperator,
RelOp.op.value(N'@LogicalOp', N'varchar(50)') AS LogicalOperator,
RelOp.op.value(N'@EstimatedTotalSubtreeCost ', N'float') AS EstimatedCost,
RelOp.op.value(N'@EstimateIO', N'float') AS EstimatedIO,
RelOp.op.value(N'@EstimateCPU', N'float') AS EstimatedCPU,
RelOp.op.value(N'@EstimateRows', N'float') AS EstimatedRows,
cp.plan_handle AS PlanHandle,
st.TEXT AS QueryText,
qp.query_plan AS QueryPlan,
cp.cacheobjtype AS CacheObjectType,
cp.objtype AS ObjectType
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(cp.plan_handle) st
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(cp.plan_handle) qp
CROSS APPLY qp.query_plan.nodes(N'//RelOp') RelOp(op)

DECLARE @doc XML = '
<Invoice>
<InvoiceId>100</InvoiceId>
<CustomerName>Vahid</CustomerName>
<LineItems>
<LineItem>
<Sku>134</Sku>
<Quantity>10</Quantity>
<Description>Item 1</Description>
<UnitPrice>9.5</UnitPrice>
</LineItem>
<LineItem>
<Sku>150</Sku>
<Quantity>5</Quantity>
<Description>Item 2</Description>
<UnitPrice>1.5</UnitPrice>
</LineItem>
</LineItems>
</Invoice>
'

 SET @doc.modify('
insert <InvoiceInfo><InvoiceDate>2014-02-10</InvoiceDate></InvoiceInfo>
after /Invoice[1]/CustomerName[1]
')

SELECT @doc

<Invoice>
  <InvoiceId>100</InvoiceId>
  <CustomerName>Vahid</CustomerName>
  <InvoiceInfo>
        <InvoiceDate>2014-02-10</InvoiceDate>
  </InvoiceInfo>
  <LineItems>
...

 SET @x.modify('insert sql:variable("@x") into /doc[1]')

 The argument 1 of the XML data type method "modify" must be a string literal.

 SET @doc.modify('
insert attribute status{"backorder"}
into /Invoice[1]
')

SELECT @doc

 <Invoice status="backorder">
  <InvoiceId>100</InvoiceId>
....

 SET @doc.modify('delete /Invoice/LineItems/LineItem')
SELECT @doc

 <Invoice status="backorder">
  <InvoiceId>100</InvoiceId>
  <CustomerName>Vahid</CustomerName>
  <InvoiceInfo>
      <InvoiceDate>2014-02-10</InvoiceDate>
  </InvoiceInfo>
  <LineItems />
</Invoice>

 SET @doc.modify('replace value of
  /Invoice[1]/CustomerName[1]/text()[1]
  with "Farid"
')
SELECT @doc

 <Invoice status="backorder">
  <InvoiceId>100</InvoiceId>
  <CustomerName>Farid</CustomerName>
  <InvoiceInfo>
       <InvoiceDate>2014-02-10</InvoiceDate>
  </InvoiceInfo>
  <LineItems />
</Invoice>

 The target of 'replace value of' must be a non-metadata attribute or an element with simple typed content.

 DECLARE @tblTest AS TABLE (xmlField XML)

INSERT INTO @tblTest(xmlField)
VALUES
 (
'<Sample>
   <Node1>Value1</Node1>
   <Node2>Value2</Node2>
   <Node3/>
</Sample>'
)
 
DECLARE @newValue VARCHAR(50) = 'NewValue'

UPDATE @tblTest
SET xmlField.modify(
'insert text{sql:variable("@newValue")} into
  (/Sample/Node3)[1] [not(text())]'
)

SELECT xmlField.value('(/Sample/Node3)[1]','varchar(50)') FROM @tblTest

 UPDATE @tblTest
SET xmlField.modify(
'replace value of (/Sample/Node3/text())[1]
  with sql:variable("@newValue")'
)

public class GitHubClient
{
    public IReadOnlyCollection<GitHubRepositoryDto> GetRepositories()
    {
        using (var httpClient = new HttpClient{BaseAddress = new Uri(GitHubConstants.ApiBaseUrl)})
        {
            var result = httpClient.GetStringAsync(GitHubConstants.RepositoriesPath).Result;
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<GitHubRepositoryDto>>(result);
        }
    }
}

public class GitHubClient : IGitHubClient
{
    public async Task<IReadOnlyCollection<GitHubRepositoryDto>> GetRepositories()
    {
        using (var httpClient = new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri(GitHubConstants.ApiBaseUrl) })
        {
            var result = await httpClient.GetStringAsync(GitHubConstants.RepositoriesPath);
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<GitHubRepositoryDto>>(result);
        }
    }
}

services.AddSingleton<GitHubClient>();

services.AddHttpClient("GitHub", x => { x.BaseAddress = new Uri(GitHubConstants.ApiBaseUrl); });
services.AddSingleton<GitHubClient>();

services.AddHttpClient<GitHubClient>(x => { x.BaseAddress = new Uri(GitHubConstants.ApiBaseUrl); });

public class GitHubClientFactory
{
    private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;
    public GitHubClientFactory(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        _serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
    }

    public GitHubClient Create()
    {
        return _serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<GitHubClient>();
    }
}

services.AddHttpClient<GitHubClient>(x => { x.BaseAddress = new Uri(GitHubConstants.ApiBaseUrl); });
services.AddSingleton<GitHubClientFactory>();

public class GitHubClient : IGitHubClient
{
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
    private readonly JsonSerializer _jsonSerializer;
    public GitHubClient(HttpClient httpClient, JsonSerializer jsonSerializer)
    {
        _httpClient = httpClient ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpClient));
        _jsonSerializer = jsonSerializer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(jsonSerializer));
    }

    public async Task<IReadOnlyCollection<GitHubRepositoryDto>> GetRepositories()
    {
        var request = CreateRequest();
        var result = await _httpClient.SendAsync(request, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseContentRead);
        using (var responseStream = await result.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync())
        {
            using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream))
            using (var jsonTextReader = new JsonTextReader(streamReader))
            {
                return _jsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<GitHubRepositoryDto>>(jsonTextReader);
            }
        }
    }

    private static HttpRequestMessage CreateRequest()
    {
        return new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, GitHubConstants.RepositoriesPath);
    }
}

services.AddHttpClient<GitHubClient>(x => { x.BaseAddress = new Uri(GitHubConstants.ApiBaseUrl); });
services.AddSingleton<GitHubClientFactory>();
services.AddSingleton<JsonSerializer>();

var result = await _httpClient.SendAsync(request, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseContentRead);

var result = await _httpClient.SendAsync(request, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead);

A Look at TypeScript 5.2's New Keyword: using — using brings something akin to Python’s with context management into TypeScript with a way to automatically run a function when an object leaves scope. You could use it to shut down a database connection, close file handles, etc. 

Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 4.6!

Allowing Code in Constructors Before super()
Control Flow Analysis for Destructured Discriminated Unions
Improved Recursion Depth Checks
Indexed Access Inference Improvements
Control Flow Analysis for Dependent Parameters
--target es2022
Removed Unnecessary Arguments in react-jsx
JSDoc Name Suggestions
More Syntax and Binding Errors in JavaScript
TypeScript Trace Analyzer
Breaking Changes
 

Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 4.6!

Allowing Code in Constructors Before super()
Improved Recursion Depth Checks
Indexed Access Inference Improvements
Control Flow Analysis for Dependent Parameters
More Syntax and Binding Errors in JavaScript
TypeScript Trace Analyzer
Breaking Changes
 

New Breaking Changes

Angular now compiles with Ivy by default. See Ivy compatibility section.

Typescript 3.4 and 3.5 are no longer supported. Please update to Typescript 3.6.

tslib is now listed as a peer dependency rather than a direct dependency. Users not using the CLI will need to manually install tslib via yarn add tslib or npm install tslib --save. 

Angular 2 is written in and all the samples and documentation are written in TypeScript.  Thus, TypeScript is my next language of choice.  This should be pretty straight forward, as the hard part is OOP, which we C# programmers are already comfortable with. 

For the last several months, the Microsoft TypeScript and Google Angular teams have been working closely together. Today at ng-conf in Salt Lake City, the Angular and the TypeScript teams are unveiling the first fruits of that collaboration.  We’re excited to