public abstract class Entity : IHaveTrackingState
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    [NotMapped] public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
}

public class Master : Entity
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public ICollection<Detail> Details { get; set; }
}

public class Detail : Entity
{
    public string Title { get; set; }

    public ICollection<DetailOfDetail> Details { get; set; }
    public Master Master { get; set; }
    public long MasterId { get; set; }
}

public class DetailOfDetail : Entity
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public Detail Detail { get; set; }
    public long DetailId { get; set; }
}

public abstract class Model : IHaveTrackingState
{
    public long Id { get; set; }
    public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
}

public class MasterModel : Model
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public ICollection<DetailModel> Details { get; set; }
}

public class DetailModel : Model
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public ICollection<DetailOfDetailModel> Details { get; set; }
}

public class DetailOfDetailModel : Model
{
    public string Title { get; set; }
}

Mapper.Initialize(expression =>
{
    expression.CreateMap<MasterModel, Master>(MemberList.None).ReverseMap();
    expression.CreateMap<DetailModel, Detail>(MemberList.None).ReverseMap();
    expression.CreateMap<DetailOfDetailModel, DetailOfDetail>(MemberList.None).ReverseMap();
});

var masterModel = new MasterModel
    {
        Title = "Master-Title",
        TrackingState = TrackingState.Added,
        Details = new List<DetailModel>
        {
            new DetailModel
            {
                Title = "Detail-Title",
                TrackingState = TrackingState.Added,
                Details = new List<DetailOfDetailModel>
                {
                    new DetailOfDetailModel
                    {
                        Title = "DetailOfDetail-Title",
                        TrackingState = TrackingState.Added,
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

using (var context = new ProjectDbContext())
{
    Console.WriteLine("################ Create Master and Details and DetailsOfDetail ##################");
    Print(masterModel);

    var masterEntity = Mapper.Map<Master>(masterModel);

    context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(
        masterEntity,
        n =>
        {
            var entity = (IHaveTrackingState) n.Entry.Entity;
            n.Entry.State = entity.TrackingState.ToEntityState();
        });

    context.SaveChanges();
}

public static class TrackingStateExtensions
{
    public static EntityState ToEntityState(this TrackingState trackingState)
    {
        switch (trackingState)
        {
            case TrackingState.Added:
                return EntityState.Added;

            case TrackingState.Modified:
                return EntityState.Modified;

            case TrackingState.Deleted:
                return EntityState.Deleted;

            case TrackingState.Unchanged:
                return EntityState.Unchanged;

            default:
                return EntityState.Unchanged;
        }
    }

    public static TrackingState ToTrackingState(this EntityState state)
    {
        switch (state)
        {
            case EntityState.Added:
                return TrackingState.Added;

            case EntityState.Modified:
                return TrackingState.Modified;

            case EntityState.Deleted:
                return TrackingState.Deleted;

            case EntityState.Unchanged:
                return TrackingState.Unchanged;

            default:
                return TrackingState.Unchanged;
        }
    }
}

using (var context = new ProjectDbContext())
{
    Console.WriteLine(
        "################ Unchanged Master and Modified Details and Deleted DetailsOfDetail ##################");
    Print(masterModel);

    var masterEntity = Mapper.Map<Master>(masterModel);

    context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(
        masterEntity,
        n =>
        {
            var entity = (IHaveTrackingState) n.Entry.Entity;
            n.Entry.State = entity.TrackingState.ToEntityState();
        });

    context.SaveChanges();
}

public class MasterValidator : AbstractValidator<MasterModel>
{
    public MasterValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(a => a.Title).NotEmpty();
        RuleForEach(a => a.Details).SetValidator(new DetailValidator());
    }
}

public class DetailValidator : AbstractValidator<DetailModel>
{
    public DetailValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(a => a.Title).NotEmpty();
        RuleForEach(a => a.Details).SetValidator(new DetailOfDetailValidator());
    }
}

public class DetailOfDetailValidator : AbstractValidator<DetailOfDetailModel>
{
    public DetailOfDetailValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(a => a.Title).NotEmpty();
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace CustomValidators
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Parameter)]
    public class EmailDomainValidator : ValidationAttribute
    {
        public string AllowedDomain { get; set; }

        protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, 
            ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
            string[] strings = value.ToString().Split('@');
            if (strings[1].ToUpper() == AllowedDomain.ToUpper())
            {
                return null;
            }

            return new ValidationResult($"Domain must be {AllowedDomain}",
            new[] { validationContext.MemberName });
        }
    }
}

  public class IdentityUser : IUser
    {
        public IdentityUser();
        public IdentityUser(string userName);
 
        public virtual ICollection<identityuserclaim> Claims { get; }
        public virtual string Id { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<identityuserlogin> Logins { get; }
        public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<identityuserrole> Roles { get; }
        public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
        public virtual string UserName { get; set; }
    }

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
{
    public string Email { get; set; }
}

public class RegisterViewModel
{
    [Required]
    [Display(Name = "User name")]
    public string UserName { get; set; }
 
    [Required]
    [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "The {0} must be at least {2} characters long.", MinimumLength = 6)]
    [DataType(DataType.Password)]
    [Display(Name = "Password")]
    public string Password { get; set; }
 
    [DataType(DataType.Password)]
    [Display(Name = "Confirm password")]
    [Compare("Password", ErrorMessage = "The password and confirmation password do not match.")]
    public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }
 
    [Required]
    [Display(Name = "Email address")]
    public string Email { get; set; }
 
}

<div class="form-group">
     @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Email, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
     <div class="col-md-10">
         @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Email, new { @class = "form-control" })
     </div>
 </div>

public ActionResult About()
{
    ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";
    UserManager<ApplicationUser> UserManager = new UserManager<ApplicationUser>(new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(new ApplicationDbContext()));         
    var user = UserManager.FindById(User.Identity.GetUserId());
    if (user != null)
        ViewBag.Email = user.Email;
    else
        ViewBag.Email = "User not found.";
 
    return View();
}

public class Product
{
      public virtual int Id { set; get; }

      [Length(120)]
      [NotNullNotEmpty]
      public virtual string Name { get; set; }
    
      public virtual decimal UnitPrice { get; set; }
}

public class ProductCustomMappings : IAutoMappingOverride<Product>
{
   public void Override(AutoMapping<Product> mapping)
   {
      mapping.Id(u => u.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); //ضروری است
      mapping.Map(p => p.Name).Unique();
   }     
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EF_Sample02.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string LastName { set; get; }
        public string Email { set; get; }
        public string Description { set; get; }
        public byte[] Photo { set; get; }
        public IList<Project> Projects { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;

namespace EF_Sample02.Models
{
    public class Project
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Description { set; get; }
        public virtual User User { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using EF_Sample02.Models;

namespace EF_Sample02
{
    public class Sample2Context : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }
        public DbSet<Project> Projects { set; get; }
    }

    public class Sample2DbInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<Sample2Context>
    {
        protected override void Seed(Sample2Context context)
        {
            context.Users.Add(new User
            {
                AddDate = DateTime.Now,
                Name = "Vahid",
                LastName = "N.",
                Email = "name@site.com",
                Description = "-",
                Projects = new List<Project>
                {
                    new Project
                    {
                        Title = "Project 1",
                        AddDate = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10),
                        Description = "..."
                    }
                }
            });

            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }
}

<connectionStrings>
    <add
       name="Sample2Context"
       connectionString="Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2012;Integrated Security = true"
       providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
      />
  </connectionStrings>

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;

namespace EF_Sample02
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new Sample2DbInitializer());
            using (var db = new Sample2Context())
            {
                var project1 = db.Projects.Find(1);
                Console.WriteLine(project1.Title);
            }
        }
    }
}

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Users](
 [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [AddDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
 [Name] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [LastName] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [Email] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [Description] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [Photo] [varbinary](max) NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Users] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
 [Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF,
 IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Projects](
 [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [AddDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
 [Title] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [Description] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
 [User_Id] [int] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Projects] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
 [Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, 
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Projects]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [FK_Projects_Users_User_Id] FOREIGN KEY([User_Id])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Users] ([Id])
GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Projects] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Projects_Users_User_Id]
GO

public class Project
{
     [Key]
     public int ThisIsMyPrimaryKey { set; get; }

[MaxLength(50, ErrorMessage = "حداکثر 50 حرف"), MinLength(4, ErrorMessage = "حداقل 4 حرف")]
public string Title { set; get; }

[Table("tblProject", Schema="guest")]
public class Project

[Column("DateStarted", Order = 4, TypeName = "date")]
public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }

[ConcurrencyCheck]
public string Name { set; get; }

[Timestamp]
public byte[] RowVersion { set; get; } 

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;

namespace EF_Sample02
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new Sample2DbInitializer());
            using (var db = new Sample2Context())
            {
                //update
                var user = db.Users.Find(1);
                user.Name = "User name 1";
                db.SaveChanges();
            } 
        }
    }
}

exec sp_executesql N'update [dbo].[Users]
set [Name] = @0
where (([Id] = @1) and ([Name] = @2))
',N'@0 nvarchar(max) ,@1 int,@2 nvarchar(max) ',@0=N'User name 1',@1=1,@2=N'Vahid'

//delete
var user = db.Users.Find(1);
db.Users.Remove(user);
db.SaveChanges();

exec sp_executesql N'delete [dbo].[Users]
where (([Id] = @0) and ([Name] = @1))',N'@0 int,@1 nvarchar(max) ',@0=1,@1=N'Vahid'

exec sp_executesql N'delete [dbo].[Users]
where ((([Id] = @0) and ([Name] = @1)) and ([RowVersion] = @2))',N'@0 int,@1 nvarchar(max) ,
@2 binary(8)',@0=1,@1=N'Vahid',@2=0x00000000000007D1

[DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
public int Id { set; get; }

public enum DatabaseGeneratedOption
{
        None = 0,
        Identity = 1,
        Computed = 2
}

[NotMapped]
public string FullName
{
    get { return Name + " " + LastName; }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace EF_Sample02.Models
{
    [ComplexType]
    public class InterestComponent
    {
        [MaxLength(450, ErrorMessage = "حداکثر 450 حرف")]
        public string Interest1 { get; set; }

        [MaxLength(450, ErrorMessage = "حداکثر 450 حرف")]
        public string Interest2 { get; set; }
    }
}

public InterestComponent Interests { set; get; }

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Users](
 ---...
 [Interests_Interest1] [nvarchar](450) NULL,
 [Interests_Interest2] [nvarchar](450) NULL,
 ---...

namespace EF_Sample02.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public InterestComponent Interests { set; get; }
        public User()
        {
            Interests = new InterestComponent();
        }
    }
}

[ForeignKey("FK_User_Id")]
public virtual User User { set; get; }
public int FK_User_Id { set; get; }

public class Book
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string Title {get; set;}

    [InverseProperty("Books")]
    public Author Author {get; set;}
}

public class Author
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string Name {get; set;}

    [InverseProperty("Author")]
    public virtual ICollection<Book> Books {get; set;}
}

public class Book
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string Title {get; set;}

    public Author FirstAuthor {get; set;}
    public Author SecondAuthor {get; set;}
}

public class Author
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string Name {get; set;}

    public virtual ICollection<Book> BooksAsFirstAuthor {get; set;}
    public virtual ICollection<Book> BooksAsSecondAuthor {get; set;}
}

public class Book
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string Title {get; set;}

    [InverseProperty("BooksAsFirstAuthor")]
    public Author FirstAuthor {get; set;}
    [InverseProperty("BooksAsSecondAuthor")]
    public Author SecondAuthor {get; set;}
}

public class Author
{
    public int ID {get; set;}
    public string Name {get; set;}

    [InverseProperty("FirstAuthor")]
    public virtual ICollection<Book> BooksAsFirstAuthor {get; set;}
    [InverseProperty("SecondAuthor")]
    public virtual ICollection<Book> BooksAsSecondAuthor {get; set;}
}

 public class Tb1 
    {
        public Tb1()
        {
            ListTb2 = new List<Tb2>();
        }
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string NameTb1 { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Tb2> ListTb2 { get; set; }
    }
    public class Tb2 
    {
        public Tb2()
        {
            ListTb1 = new List<Tb1>();
        }
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string NameTb2 { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Tb1> ListTb1 { get; set; }
    }

    public class Tb1Map : EntityTypeConfiguration<Tb1>
    {
        public Tb1Map()
        {
            this.HasKey(x => x.Id);

            this.HasMany(x => x.ListTb2)
                .WithMany(xx => xx.ListTb1)
                .Map
                (
                    x =>
                        {
                            x.MapLeftKey("Tb1Id");
                            x.MapRightKey("Tb2Id");
                            x.ToTable("Tb1Tb2");
                        }
                );

        }
    }

    public class Tb2Map : EntityTypeConfiguration<Tb2>
    {
        public Tb2Map()
        {
            this.HasKey(x => x.Id);
        }
    }

            var sv1 = new TableService<Tb1>(_uow);
            var sv2 = new TableService<Tb2>(_uow);

            var t1 = new Tb1 { NameTb1 = "T111" };
            sv1.Add(t1);
            //var res1= _uow.SaveChanges();
            
            var t2 = new Tb2 { NameTb2 = "T222" };
            sv2.Add(t2);
            //var res2 = _uow.SaveChanges();

            t1.ListTb2.Add(t2);
            var result = _uow.SaveChanges();

با توجه به جدول فوق همانطور که مشاهده می‌کنید تمامی آنچه که برای دسترسی Products مورد نیاز است در یک حوزه و 4 کنترل گنجانده میشود. البته توجه داشته باشید سناریویی که مطرح کردیم برای روشن سازی مفهوم ناحیه یا حوزه و کنترل بود. همانطور که میدانیم در AngularJS تمامی اطلاعات توسط APIها فراخوانی می‌گردند. از این رو یک موهبت دیگر این روش، خوانایی مفهوم حوزه و کنترل نسبت به نام کنترلر و متد است.

مدل Roles را ما به صورت زیر توسعه داده‌ایم:

    public class Role
    {
        [Key]
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Permission> Permissions { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<User> Users { get; set; }
    }

در مدل فوق می‌بینید که دو رابطه چند به چند وجود دارد. رابطه اول که همان Permissions است و در مدل پیشین تشریح شد. رابطه‌ی دوم رابطه چند به چند بین کاربر و نقش است. چند کاربر قادرند یک نقش در سیستم داشته باشند و همینطور چندین نقش میتواند به یک کاربر انتساب داده شود.

ما در این سیستم از ASP.NET Identity 2.1 استفاده و کلاس IdentityUser را override کرده‌ایم. در مدل override شده، برخی اطلاعات جدید کاربر، به جدول کاربر اضافه شده‌اند. این اطلاعات شامل نام، نام خانوادگی، شماره تماس و ... می‌باشد.

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
    {
        [MaxLength(100)]
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        [MaxLength(100)]
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public bool IsSysAdmin { get; set; }
        public DateTime JoinDate { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Role> Roles { get; set; }
    }

در نهایت تمامی این مدل‌ها به وسیله EF Code First پایگاه داده سیستم ما را تشکیل خواهند داد.

توسعه یک Customized Filter Attribute بر پایه Authorize Attribute 

    public class RBACAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        public string Area { get; set; }
        public string Control { get; set; }
        AccessControlService _AccessControl = new AccessControlService();
        public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            var userId = HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.GetCurrentUserId();
            // If User Ticket is Not Expired
            if (userId == null || !_AccessControl.HasPermission(userId, this.Area, this.Control))
            {
                actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
            }
        }
    }

[HttpPost]
[Route("ChangeProductStatus")]
[RBAC(Area = "products", Control = "edit")]
public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> ChangeProductStatus(StatusCodeBindingModel model)
{
// Method Body
}

public interface INumberedEntity
{
    string Number { get; set; }
}

foreach (var entityType in builder.Model.GetEntityTypes()
    .Where(e => typeof(INumberedEntity).IsAssignableFrom(e.ClrType)))
{
    builder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
        .Property(nameof(INumberedEntity.Number)).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(50);

    if (typeof(IMultiTenantEntity).IsAssignableFrom(entityType.ClrType))
    {
        builder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
            .HasIndex(nameof(INumberedEntity.Number), nameof(IMultiTenantEntity.TenantId))
            .HasName(
                $"UIX_{entityType.ClrType.Name}_{nameof(IMultiTenantEntity.TenantId)}_{nameof(INumberedEntity.Number)}")
            .IsUnique();
    }
    else
    {
        builder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
            .HasIndex(nameof(INumberedEntity.Number))
            .HasName($"UIX_{entityType.ClrType.Name}_{nameof(INumberedEntity.Number)}")
            .IsUnique();
    }
}

public class NumberedEntity : Entity, IMultiTenantEntity
{
    public string EntityName { get; set; }
    public long NextNumber { get; set; }
    
    public long TenantId { get; set; }
}

internal class NumberingPreInsertHook : PreInsertHook<INumberedEntity>
{
    private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
    private readonly IOptions<NumberingConfiguration> _configuration;

    public NumberingPreInsertHook(IUnitOfWork uow, IOptions<NumberingConfiguration> configuration)
    {
        _uow = uow ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(uow));
        _configuration = configuration ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(configuration));
    }

    protected override void Hook(INumberedEntity entity, HookEntityMetadata metadata)
    {
        if (!entity.Number.IsNullOrEmpty()) return;

        bool retry;
        string nextNumber;
        
        do
        {
            nextNumber = GenerateNumber(entity);
            var exists = CheckDuplicateNumber(entity, nextNumber);
            retry = exists;
            
        } while (retry);
        
        entity.Number = nextNumber;
    }

    private bool CheckDuplicateNumber(INumberedEntity entity, string nextNumber)
    {
       //...
    }

    private string GenerateNumber(INumberedEntity entity)
    {
       //...
    }
}

    public class OrderLineItem : Entity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// many-to-one from OrderLineItem to Order
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Order Order { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Money is a component, not a separate entity; i.e., the OrderLineItems table will have 
        /// column for the amount
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Money Price { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// many-to-one from OrderLineItem to Product
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Product Product { get; set; }
        
        public virtual int Quantity { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Example of adding domain business logic to entity
        /// </summary>
        public virtual Money GetTotal() {
            return new Money(Price.Amount * Quantity);
        }
    }