<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.1</TargetFramework>
    <NoWarn>RCS1090</NoWarn>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp\ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <None Include="..\ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp\appsettings.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Service Include="{82a7f48d-3b50-4b1e-b82e-3ada8210c329}" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="fluentassertions" Version="5.10.3" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing" Version="3.1.8" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.7.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.1.2" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.1.2" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.IntegrationTests
{
    public class CustomWebApplicationFactory : WebApplicationFactory<Program>
    {
        protected override IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder()
        {
            var builder = base.CreateWebHostBuilder();
            builder.ConfigureLogging(logging =>
            {
                //TODO: ...
            });
            return builder;
        }

        protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.ConfigureTestServices(services =>
            {
                // Don't run `IHostedService`s when running as a test
                services.RemoveAll(typeof(IHostedService));
            });
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Net.Http;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.IntegrationTests
{
    public static class TestsHttpClient
    {
        private static readonly Lazy<HttpClient> _serviceProviderBuilder =
                new Lazy<HttpClient>(getHttpClient, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);

        /// <summary>
        /// A lazy loaded thread-safe singleton
        /// </summary>
        public static HttpClient Instance { get; } = _serviceProviderBuilder.Value;

        private static HttpClient getHttpClient()
        {
            var services = new CustomWebApplicationFactory();
            return services.CreateClient(); //NOTE: This action is very time consuming, so it should be defined as a singleton.
        }
    }
}

using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using FluentAssertions;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.IntegrationTests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class JwtTests
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task TestLoginWorks()
        {
            // Arrange
            var client = TestsHttpClient.Instance;

            // Act
            var token = await doLoginAsync(client);

            // Assert
            token.Should().NotBeNull();
            token.AccessToken.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
            token.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task TestCallProtectedApiWorks()
        {
            // Arrange
            var client = TestsHttpClient.Instance;

            // Act
            var token = await doLoginAsync(client);

            // Assert
            token.Should().NotBeNull();
            token.AccessToken.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
            token.RefreshToken.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();

            // Act
            const string protectedApiUrl = "/api/MyProtectedApi";
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token.AccessToken);
            var response = await client.GetAsync(protectedApiUrl);
            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

            // Assert
            var responseString = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            responseString.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
            var options = new JsonSerializerOptions { PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase };
            var apiResponse = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<MyProtectedApiResponse>(responseString, options);
            apiResponse.Title.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
            apiResponse.Title.Should().Be("Hello from My Protected Controller! [Authorize]");
        }

        private static async Task<Token> doLoginAsync(HttpClient client)
        {
            const string loginUrl = "/api/account/login";
            var user = new { Username = "Vahid", Password = "1234" };
            var response = await client.SendAsync(new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, loginUrl)
            {
                Content = new StringContent(JsonSerializer.Serialize(user), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
            });
            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
            var responseString = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            responseString.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Token>(responseString);
        }
    }
}
 

 public static IEnumerable<TResult> Empty<TResult>()

IEnumerable<Ingredient> ingredients = Enumerable.Empty<Ingredient>();
Console.WriteLine(ingredients.Count());

 0

5
6
7
8
9
10

42
42
42
42
42
42

int[] nums = {1, 2, 3};
bool isTowThere = nums.Contains(2);
bool isFiveThere = nums.Contains(5);

Console.WriteLine(isTowThere);
Console.WriteLine(isFiveThere);

True
False

int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
IEnumerable<int> noNums = Enumerable.Empty<int>();

Console.WriteLine(nums.Any());
Console.WriteLine(noNums.Any());

True
False

int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
bool areAnyEvenNumbers = nums.Any(x => x % 2 == 0);
Console.WriteLine(areAnyEvenNumbers);

 True

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Egg", Calories = 100 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Milk", Calories = 150 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Flour", Calories = 50 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Butter", Calories = 400 }
};
bool isLowFatRecipe = ingredients.All(x => x.Calories < 200);
Console.WriteLine(isLowFatRecipe);

False

IEnumerable<int> sequence1 = new[] {1, 2, 3};
IEnumerable<int> sequence2 = new[] { 1, 2, 3 };
bool isSeqEqual = sequence1.SequenceEqual(sequence2);
Console.WriteLine(isSeqEqual);

 True

IEnumerable<int> sequence1 = new[] { 1, 2, 3 };
IEnumerable<int> sequence2 = new[] { 3, 2, 1 };
bool isSeqEqual = sequence1.SequenceEqual(sequence2);
Console.WriteLine(isSeqEqual);

False

int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
int numberOfElements = nums.Count();
Console.WriteLine(numberOfElements);

 3

int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
int numberOfEvenElements = nums.Count(x => x % 2 == 0);
Console.WriteLine(numberOfEvenElements);

int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
int total = nums.Sum();
Console.WriteLine(total);

 6

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Egg", Calories = 100 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Milk", Calories = 150 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Flour", Calories = 50 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Butter", Calories = 400 }
};
int totalCalories = ingredients.Sum(x => x.Calories);
Console.WriteLine(totalCalories);

 1200

int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
var avg = nums.Average();
Console.WriteLine(avg);

 2

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Egg", Calories = 100 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Milk", Calories = 150 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Flour", Calories = 50 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Butter", Calories = 400 }
};
var avgCalories = ingredients.Average(x => x.Calories);
Console.WriteLine(avgCalories);

 240

int[] nums = { 3, 2, 1 };
var smallest = nums.Min();
Console.WriteLine(smallest);

 1

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Egg", Calories = 100 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Milk", Calories = 150 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Flour", Calories = 50 },
new Ingredient { Name = "Butter", Calories = 400 }
};
var smallestCalories = ingredients.Min(x => x.Calories);
Console.WriteLine(smallestCalories);

int[] nums = { 1 ,3, 2 };
var largest = nums.Max();
Console.WriteLine(largest);

 3

int[] nums = {1, 2, 3};
var result = nums.Aggregate(0,
(currentElement, runningTotal) => runningTotal + currentElement);
Console.WriteLine(result);

 6

 int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 ,4,5};
var result = nums.Aggregate((runningProduct, nextfactor) => runningProduct * nextfactor);
Console.WriteLine(result);

 120

Linus Torvalds talks AI, Rust adoption, and why the Linux kernel is 'the only thing that matters'

Switching to a more modern topic, the introduction of the Rust language into Linux, Torvalds is disappointed that its adoption isn't going faster. "I was expecting updates to be faster, but part of the problem is that old-time kernel developers are used to C and don't know Rust. They're not exactly excited about having to learn a new language that is, in some respects, very different. So there's been some pushback on Rust."