@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime  

@code {
  string currentInputValue;

  public async Task Save()
  {
    await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("localStorage.setItem", "name", currentInputValue);
  }

  public async Task Read()
  {
    currentInputValue = await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<string>("localStorage.getItem", "name");
  }

  public async Task Delete()
  {
    await JSRuntime.InvokeAsync<string>("localStorage.removeItem", "name");
  }
}

@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.ProtectedBrowserStorage
@inject ProtectedLocalStorage BrowserStorage


@code {
  string currentInputValue;

  public async Task Save()
  {
    await BrowserStorage.SetAsync("name", currentInputValue);
  }

  public async Task Read()
  {
    var result = await BrowserStorage.GetAsync<string>("name");
    currentInputValue = result.Success ? result.Value : "";
  }

  public async Task Delete()
  {
    await BrowserStorage.DeleteAsync("name");
  }
}

@inject ProtectedSessionStorage BrowserStorage

• ‪Exceptions for flow control: why not? 
  
• ‪Exception handling for flow control is EVIL! 
  
• Replacing Throwing Exceptions with Notification in Validations 
  
•  نکات کار با استثناءها در دات نت  
  
• Defensive Programming - بازگشت نتایج قابل پیش بینی توسط متدها
• تفاوت اعتبارسنجی ورودی‌ها با اعتبارسنجی مرتبط با قواعد تجاری 
  
• صدور Exception یا بازگشت Result به عنوان خروجی متد، برای رسیدگی به خطاها 
• صدور استثناءها چگونه بر روی کارآیی برنامه تاثیر می‌گذارند؟ 
  
• Fail Fast principle 
  
• نحوه‌ی صحیح استفاده‌ی از Exceptions در برنامه‌های NET. 
  
• Functional C#: Handling failures, input errors 
  
• بررسی تاثیر صدور استثناءها بر روی کارآیی برنامه 
  
• Code review: User Controller and error handling 
  
• ‪Improving Managed Code Performance (Exception Management) 
  
• پشت صحنه‌ی استثناءها 
  
• Domain Command Patterns - Validation 
  

استفاده از Exception برای نمایش پیغام برای کاربر نهایی 
با صدور یک استثناء و مدیریت سراسری آن در بالاترین (خارجی ترین) لایه و نمایش پیغام مرتبط با آن به کاربر نهایی، می‌توان از آن به عنوان ابزاری برای ارسال هر نوع پیغامی به کاربر نهایی استفاده کرد. اگر قوانین تجاری با موفقیت برآورده نشده‌اند یا لازم است به هر دلیلی یک پیغام مرتبط با یک اعتبارسنجی تجاری را برای کاربر نمایش دهید، این روش بسیار کارساز می‌باشد و با یکبار وقت گذاشتن برای توسعه زیرساخت برای این موضوع، به عنوان یک Cross Cutting Concern تحت عنوان Exception Management، آزادی عمل زیادی در ادامه توسعه سیستم خود خواهید داشت. 

    public class Result
    {
        private static readonly Result SuccessResult = new Result(true, null);

        protected Result(bool succeeded, string message)
        {
            if (succeeded)
            {
                if (message != null)
                    throw new ArgumentException("There should be no error message for success.", nameof(message));
            }
            else
            {
                if (message == null)
                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(message), "There must be error message for failure.");
            }

            Succeeded = succeeded;
            Error = message;
        }

        public bool Succeeded { get; }
        public string Error { get; }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result Success()
        {
            return SuccessResult;
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result Failed(string message)
        {
            return new Result(false, message);
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result<T> Failed<T>(string message)
        {
            return new Result<T>(default, false, message);
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result<T> Success<T>(T value)
        {
            return new Result<T>(value, true, string.Empty);
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result Combine(string seperator, params Result[] results)
        {
            var failedResults = results.Where(x => !x.Succeeded).ToList();

            if (!failedResults.Any())
                return Success();

            var error = string.Join(seperator, failedResults.Select(x => x.Error).ToArray());
            return Failed(error);
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result Combine(params Result[] results)
        {
            return Combine(", ", results);
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result Combine<T>(params Result<T>[] results)
        {
            return Combine(", ", results);
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static Result Combine<T>(string seperator, params Result<T>[] results)
        {
            var untyped = results.Select(result => (Result) result).ToArray();
            return Combine(seperator, untyped);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return Succeeded
                ? "Succeeded"
                : $"Failed : {Error}";
        }
    }

[HttpPost, AjaxOnly, ValidateAntiForgeryToken, ValidateModelState]
public virtual async Task<ActionResult> Create([Bind(Prefix = "Model")]MeetingCreateModel model)
{
    var result = await _service.CreateAsync(model);

    return result.OnSuccess(() => { })
                 .OnFailure(() => { })
                 .OnBoth(r => r.Succeeded ? InformationNotification("Messages.Save.Success") : ErrorMessage(r.Error));

}

یا در حالت‌های پیچیده تر:

    public struct Maybe<T> : IEquatable<Maybe<T>>
        where T : class
    {
        private readonly T _value;

        private Maybe(T value)
        {
            _value = value;
        }

        public bool HasValue => _value != null;
        public T Value => _value ?? throw new InvalidOperationException();
        public static Maybe<T> None => new Maybe<T>();


        public static implicit operator Maybe<T>(T value)
        {
            return new Maybe<T>(value);
        }

        public static bool operator ==(Maybe<T> maybe, T value)
        {
            return maybe.HasValue && maybe.Value.Equals(value);
        }

        public static bool operator !=(Maybe<T> maybe, T value)
        {
            return !(maybe == value);
        }

        public static bool operator ==(Maybe<T> left, Maybe<T> right)
        {
            return left.Equals(right);
        }

        public static bool operator !=(Maybe<T> left, Maybe<T> right)
        {
            return !(left == right);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        /// <summary>
        ///     Avoid boxing and Give type safety
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Equals(Maybe<T> other)
        {
            if (!HasValue && !other.HasValue)
                return true;

            if (!HasValue || !other.HasValue)
                return false;

            return _value.Equals(other.Value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Avoid reflection
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (obj is T typed)
            {
                obj = new Maybe<T>(typed);
            }

            if (!(obj is Maybe<T> other)) return false;

            return Equals(other);
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Good practice when overriding Equals method.
        ///     If x.Equals(y) then we must have x.GetHashCode()==y.GetHashCode()
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return HasValue ? _value.GetHashCode() : 0;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return HasValue ? _value.ToString() : "NO VALUE";
        }
    }

• استفاده از الگوی Specification برای زمانیکه منطقی قرار است هم برای اعتبارسنجی درون حافظه‌ای استفاده شود و همچنین برای اعمال فیلتر برای واکشی داده‌ها؛ در واقع دو Use-case استفاده از این الگو حداقل یکجا وجود داشته باشد. استفاده از این مورد برای Domain Validation در سناریوهای پیچیده بسیار پیشنهاد می‌شود.
• استفاده از Domain Eventها برای اعمال اعتبارسنجی‌های مرتبط با قواعد تجاری تنها در شرایط inter-application communication و در شرایط inner-application communication به صورت صریح، اعتبارسنجی‌های مرتبط با قواعد تجاری را در جریان اصلی برنامه پیاده سازی کنید. 

   public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(User applicationUser)
        {
            // Note the authenticationType must match the one defined in CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationType
            var userIdentity = await CreateIdentityAsync(applicationUser, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);
            // Add custom user claims here
            userIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim("emailaddress", applicationUser.Email));
            return userIdentity;
        }

 _.For<IPrincipal>().Use(() => HttpContext.Current.User);

var useremail = this._principal.GetClaimValue("emailaddress");

internal class Program
{
    private HttpClient _client;
    private Customer _bush, _obama;
    private Phone _whiteHousePhone, _bushMobilePhone, _obamaMobilePhone;
    private HttpResponseMessage _response;

    private static void Main()
    {
        Task t = Run();
        t.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine("\nPress <enter> to continue...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static async Task Run()
    {
        var program = new Program();
        program.ServiceSetup();
        // do not proceed until clean-up completes
        await program.CleanupAsync();
        program.CreateFirstCustomer();
        // do not proceed until customer is added
        await program.AddCustomerAsync();
        program.CreateSecondCustomer();
        // do not proceed until customer is added
        await program.AddSecondCustomerAsync();
        // do not proceed until customer is removed
        await program.RemoveFirstCustomerAsync();
        // do not proceed until customers are fetched
        await program.FetchCustomersAsync();
    }

    private void ServiceSetup()
    {
        // set up infrastructure for Web API call
        _client = new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:62799/") };
        // add Accept Header to request Web API content negotiation to return resource in JSON format
        _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue
        ("application/json"));
    }
    private async Task CleanupAsync()
    {
        // call the cleanup method from the service
        _response = await _client.DeleteAsync("api/customer/cleanup/");
    }

    private void CreateFirstCustomer()
    {
        // create customer #1 and two phone numbers
        _bush = new Customer
        {
            Name = "George Bush",
            Company = "Ex President",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _whiteHousePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 222-2222",
            PhoneType = "White House Red Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _bushMobilePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 333-3333",
            PhoneType = "Bush Mobile Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _bush.Phones.Add(_whiteHousePhone);
        _bush.Phones.Add(_bushMobilePhone);
    }

    private async Task AddCustomerAsync()
    {
        // construct call to invoke UpdateCustomer action method in Web API service
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _bush, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created customer entity from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for all entities
            _bush = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            _whiteHousePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _bush.CustomerId);
            _bushMobilePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _bush.CustomerId);
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Customer {0} and {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
            _bush.Name, _bush.Phones.Count);
            foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Added Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void CreateSecondCustomer()
    {
        // create customer #2 and phone numbers
        _obama = new Customer
        {
            Name = "Barack Obama",
            Company = "President",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        _obamaMobilePhone = new Phone
        {
            Number = "212 444-4444",
            PhoneType = "Obama Mobile Phone",
            // set tracking state to 'Add' to generate a SQL Insert statement
            TrackingState = TrackingState.Add,
        };
        // set tracking state to 'Modifed' to generate a SQL Update statement
        _whiteHousePhone.TrackingState = TrackingState.Update;
        _obama.Phones.Add(_obamaMobilePhone);
        _obama.Phones.Add(_whiteHousePhone);
    }

    private async Task AddSecondCustomerAsync()
    {
        // construct call to invoke UpdateCustomer action method in Web API service
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _obama, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created customer entity from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for all entities
            _obama = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            _whiteHousePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _obama.CustomerId);
            _bushMobilePhone = _bush.Phones.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == _obama.CustomerId);
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Customer {0} and {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
            _obama.Name, _obama.Phones.Count);
            foreach (var phoneType in _obama.Phones)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Added Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private async Task RemoveFirstCustomerAsync()
    {
        // remove George Bush from underlying data store.
        // first, fetch George Bush entity, demonstrating a call to the
        // get action method on the service while passing a parameter
        var query = "api/customer/" + _bush.CustomerId;
        _response = _client.GetAsync(query).Result;

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            _bush = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Customer>();
            // set tracking state to 'Remove' to generate a SQL Delete statement
            _bush.TrackingState = TrackingState.Remove;
            // must also remove bush's mobile number -- must delete child before removing parent
            foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
            {
                // set tracking state to 'Remove' to generate a SQL Delete statement
                phoneType.TrackingState = TrackingState.Remove;
            }
            // construct call to remove Bush from underlying database table
            _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/customer/updatecustomer/", _bush, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
            if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Removed {0} from database", _bush.Name);
                foreach (var phoneType in _bush.Phones)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Remove {0} from data store", phoneType.PhoneType);
                }
            }
            else
                Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
    }

    private async Task FetchCustomersAsync()
    {
        // finally, return remaining customers from underlying data store
        _response = await _client.GetAsync("api/customer/");
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            var customers = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Customer>>();
            foreach (var customer in customers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Customer {0} has {1} Phone Numbers(s)",
                customer.Name, customer.Phones.Count());
                foreach (var phoneType in customer.Phones)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Phone Type: {0}", phoneType.PhoneType);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int)_response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
        }
    }
}

private int n1, n2;

private void FirstCall()
{
  Service.GetRandomNumber(10, SecondCall);
}

private void SecondCall(int number)
{
  n1 = number;
  Service.GetRandomNumber(n1, ThirdCall);
}

private void ThirdCall(int number)
{
  n2 = number;
  // etc
}

private void FetchNumbers()
{
 int n1 = Service.GetRandomNumber(10);
 int n2 = Service.GetRandomNumber(n1);
}

private void FetchNumbers()
{
  int n1, n2;

  Service.GetRandomNumber(10, result =>
                                  {
                                      n1 = result;
                                      Service.GetRandomNumber(n1, secondResult =>
                                                                      {
                                                                          n2 = secondResult;
                                                                      });
                                  });
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;

namespace CoroutinesSample
{
  class Program
  {
      static void printAll()
      {
          foreach (int x in integerList())
          {
              Console.WriteLine(x);
          }
      }

      static IEnumerable<int> integerList()
      {
          yield return 1;
          Thread.Sleep(1000);
          yield return 2;
          yield return 3;
      }

      static void Main()
      {
          printAll();
      }
  }
}

private bool MoveNext()
{
  switch (this.<>1__state)
  {
      case 0:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          this.<>2__current = 1;
          this.<>1__state = 1;
          return true;

      case 1:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          Thread.Sleep(0x3e8);
          this.<>2__current = 2;
          this.<>1__state = 2;
          return true;

      case 2:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          this.<>2__current = 3;
          this.<>1__state = 3;
          return true;

      case 3:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          break;
  }
  return false;
}