public async Task<long> GetDirectorySize(string path, string searchPattern)
{
    if (!Directory.EnumerateFileSystemEntries(path, searchPattern).Any())
        return 0;
    else
        return await Task.Run<long>(() => Directory.GetFiles(path, searchPattern,
        SearchOption.AllDirectories).Sum(t => (new FileInfo(t).Length)));
}

 AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<long>.Create()

public async ValueTask<long> GetDirectorySize(string path, string searchPattern)
{
    if (!Directory.EnumerateFileSystemEntries(path, searchPattern).Any())
        return 0;
    else
        return await Task.Run<long>(() => Directory.GetFiles(path, searchPattern,
        SearchOption.AllDirectories).Sum(t => (new FileInfo(t).Length)));
}

 PM> install-package System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions

var person = new Object ();
person . name = "Meysam" ;
person . age = 32 ;

var person = {
    name : "Meysam" ,
    age : 32
};

var person = {
    "name" : "Meysam" ,
    "age" : 32
};

var person = {}; // var person = new Object();
person . name = "Meysam" ;
person . age = 32 ;

function displayInfo ( arg ) {
    var output = "" ;
    if ( arg . name != undefined )
        output += "Name: " + arg . name + "\n" ;
    if ( arg . age != undefined )
        output += "Age: " + arg . age + "\n" ;
    return output ;
}

alert (displayInfo ({
    name : "Meysam" ,
    age : 32
}));

alert (displayInfo ({
    name : "Sohrab"
}));

alert ( person . name );
alert ( person [ "name" ]);

var propertyName = "name" ;
alert ( person [ propertyName ]);
alert ( person [ "first name" ]);

var sum = function ( a , b ) {
    return a + b ;
};

alert ( sum ( 10 , 20 ));

function sum ( a , b ) {
    return a + b ;
}
alert ( sum ( 10 , 10 ));

var anotherSum = sum ;
alert ( anotherSum ( 10 , 10 ));

sum = null ;
alert ( anotherSum ( 10 , 10 ));
alert ( sum ( 10 , 10 )); // Error: Object is not a function;

function calc ( num1 , num2 ) {
    return num1 + num2 ;
}

function calc ( num1 , num2 ) {
    return num1 - num2 ;
}

var calc = function ( num1 , num2 ) {
    return num1 + num2 ;
};

calc = function ( num1 , num2 ) {
    return num1 - num2 ;
};

alert ( sum ( 10 , 20 ));

function sum ( a , b ) {
    return a + b ;
}

alert ( sum ( 10 , 20 )); // Error: undefined is not a function

var sum = function ( a , b ) {
    return a + b ;
};

function add ( a , b ) {
    return a + b ;
}

function mult ( a , b ) {
    return a * b ;
}

function calc ( a , b , fn ) {
    return a * b + fn ( a , b );
}

alert ( calc ( 10 , 20 , add ));
alert ( calc ( 10 , 20 , mult ));

function createFunction ( a , b ) {
    return function ( c ) {
        var d = ( a + b ) * c ;
        return d ;
    };
}

var fn = createFunction ( 10 , 20 );
alert ( fn ( 30 ));

using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace DNTViewer.Common.Toolkit
{
    public static class Serializer
    {
        public static string Serialize<T>(T type)
        {
            var serializer = new XmlSerializer(type.GetType());
            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                serializer.Serialize(stream, type);
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
                {
                    return reader.ReadToEnd();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

        private string createXmlFile(string dir)
        {
            var xLinq = new XElement("ArrayOfPost",
                        _blogPosts
                            .AsNoTracking()
                            .Include(x => x.Comments)
                            .Include(x => x.User)
                            .Include(x => x.Tags)
                            .OrderBy(x => x.Id)
                            .ToList()
                            .Select(x => new XElement("Post", postXElement(x)))
                            );

            var xmlFile = Path.Combine(dir, "dot-net-tips-database.xml");
            xLinq.Save(xmlFile);
            return xmlFile;
        }

        private static XElement[] postXElement(BlogPost x)
        {
            return new XElement[]
            {
                new XElement("Id", x.Id),
                new XElement("Title", x.Title),
                new XElement("Body", x.Body),
                new XElement("CreatedOn", x.CreatedOn),
                tagElement(x),
                new XElement("User",
                                new XElement("Id", x.UserId.Value),
                                new XElement("FriendlyName", x.User.FriendlyName))
            }.Where(item => item != null).ToArray();
        }

        private static XElement tagElement(BlogPost x)
        {
            var tags = x.Tags.Any() ?
                            x.Tags.Select(y =>
                                        new XElement("Tag",
                                                new XElement("Id", y.Id),
                                                new XElement("Name", y.Name)))
                                  .ToArray() : null;
            if (tags == null)
                return null;

            return new XElement("Tags", tags);
        }

        public float CalculateTotalTax1()
        {
            IList<InvoiceLineItem> invoiceLineItem = new List<InvoiceLineItem>();
            Decimal result = 0M;
            foreach (InvoiceLineItem index in invoiceLineItem)
            {
                result += (Decimal)index.CalculateTax();
            }
            return (float)result;
        }


        public float CalculateTotal()
        {
            IList<InvoiceLineItem> invoiceLineItem = new List<InvoiceLineItem>();
            Decimal result = 0M;
            foreach (InvoiceLineItem index in invoiceLineItem)
            {
                result += (Decimal)index.CalculateSubTotal();
            }
            return (float)result;
        }

        float CalculateTotal()
        {
            Decimal result = 0M;
            PerformActionOnAllLineItems(delegate(InvoiceLineItem ili)
            {
                result += (Decimal)ili.CalculateSubTotal();
            });
            return (float)result;
        }
        float CalculateTotalTax()
        {
            Decimal result = 0M;
            PerformActionOnAllLineItems(delegate(InvoiceLineItem ili)
            {
                result += (Decimal)ili.CalculateTax();
            });
            return (float)result;
        }

public static int Add(in int number1, in int number2)
{
   number1 = 5; // Cannot assign to variable 'in int' because it is a readonly variable
   return number1 + number2;
}

<ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.10.12" />
</ItemGroup>

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;

namespace CS72Tests
{
    public struct Input
    {
        public decimal Number1;
        public decimal Number2;
    }

    [MemoryDiagnoser]
    public class InBenchmarking
    {
        const int loops = 50000000;
        Input inputInstance = new Input();

        [Benchmark(Baseline = true)]
        public decimal RunNormalLoop_Pass_By_Value()
        {
            decimal result = 0M;
            for (int i = 0; i < loops; i++)
            {
                result = Run(inputInstance);
            }
            return result;
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public decimal RunInLoop_Pass_By_Reference()
        {
            decimal result = 0M;
            for (int i = 0; i < loops; i++)
            {
                result = RunIn(in inputInstance);
            }
            return result;
        }

        public decimal Run(Input input)
        {
            return input.Number1;
        }

        public decimal RunIn(in Input input)
        {
            return input.Number1;
        }
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var summary = BenchmarkRunner.Run<InBenchmarking>();

                      Method |      Mean |    Error |   StdDev | Scaled | Allocated |
---------------------------- |----------:|---------:|---------:|-------:|----------:|
 RunNormalLoop_Pass_By_Value | 280.04 ms | 2.219 ms | 1.733 ms |   1.00 |       0 B |
 RunInLoop_Pass_By_Reference |  91.75 ms | 1.733 ms | 1.780 ms |   0.33 |       0 B |

    public static class Factorial
    {
        public static int Calculate(in this int num)
        {
            int result = 1;
            for (int i = num; i > 1; i--)
                result *= i;

            return result;
        }
    }

int num = 3;
Console.WriteLine($"(in num) -> {Factorial.Calculate(in num)}");
Console.WriteLine($"(num) -> {Factorial.Calculate(num)}");
Console.WriteLine($"num. -> {num.Calculate()}");

(in num) -> 6
(num) -> 6
num. -> 6

    public class CX
    {
        public void A(Input a)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("int a");
        }

        public void A(in Input a)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("in int a");
        }
    }

    public class Y
    {
        public void Test()
        {
            var inputInstance = new Input();
            var cx = new CX();
            cx.A(inputInstance); // The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties: 'CX.A(Input)' and 'CX.A(in Input)'
        }
    }

public IEnumerable<int> B(in int a) // Iterators cannot have ref or out parameters
{
   Console.WriteLine("in int a");
   yield return 1;
}

public async Task C(in int a) // Async methods cannot have ref or out parameters
{
   await Task.Delay(1000);
}

using System;

namespace CS72Tests
{
    struct MyStruct
    {
        public int MyValue { get; set; }

        public void UpdateMyValue(int value)
        {
            MyValue = value;
        }
    }

    public static class TestInStructs
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            var myStruct = new MyStruct();
            myStruct.UpdateMyValue(1);

            UpdateMyValue(myStruct);

            Console.WriteLine(myStruct.MyValue);
        }

        static void UpdateMyValue(in MyStruct myStruct)
        {
            myStruct.UpdateMyValue(5);
        }
    }
}

static void UpdateMyValue(in MyStruct myStruct)
{
   myStruct.MyValue = 5; // Cannot assign to a member of variable 'in MyStruct' because it is a readonly variable
   myStruct.UpdateMyValue(5);
}