public class NumberedEntity : Entity, IMultiTenantEntity
{
    public string EntityName { get; set; }
    public long NextNumber { get; set; }
    
    public long TenantId { get; set; }
}

public class NumberedEntityConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<NumberedEntity>
{
    public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<NumberedEntity> builder)
    {
        builder.Property(a => a.EntityName).HasMaxLength(256).IsRequired().IsUnicode(false);
        builder.HasIndex(a => a.EntityName).HasName("UIX_NumberedEntity_EntityName").IsUnique();
        builder.ToTable(nameof(NumberedEntity));
    }
}

شاید به نظر، استفاده از این موجودیت ضروریتی نداشته باشد و خیلی راحت می‌توان آخرین شماره ثبت شده‌ی در جدول مورد نظر را واکشی، مقداری را به آن اضافه و به عنوان شماره منحصر به فرد رکورد جدید استفاده کرد؛ با این رویکرد حداقل دو مشکل زیر را خواهیم داشت:

• ایجاد Gap مابین شماره‌های تولید شده، که مدنظر ما نمی‌باشد. (با توجه به اینکه امکان ثبت دستی را هم داریم، ممکن است کاربر شماره‌ای را وارد کرده باشد که با آخرین شماره ثبت شده تعداد زیادی فاصله دارد که به خودی خود مشکل ساز نیست؛ ولی در زمان ثبت رکورد بعدی اگر به صورت خودکار ثبت شماره داشته باشد، قطعا آخرین شماره (بزرگترین) را که به صورت دستی وارد شده بود، از جدول دریافت خواهد کرد)

• مشکلات کارایی برای حل مسائل همزمانی

internal class NumberingPreInsertHook : PreInsertHook<INumberedEntity>
{
    private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
    private readonly IOptions<NumberingConfiguration> _configuration;

    public NumberingPreInsertHook(IUnitOfWork uow, IOptions<NumberingConfiguration> configuration)
    {
        _uow = uow ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(uow));
        _configuration = configuration ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(configuration));
    }

    protected override void Hook(INumberedEntity entity, HookEntityMetadata metadata)
    {
        if (!entity.Number.IsNullOrEmpty()) return;

        bool retry;
        string nextNumber;
        
        do
        {
            nextNumber = GenerateNumber(entity);
            var exists = CheckDuplicateNumber(entity, nextNumber);
            retry = exists;
            
        } while (retry);
        
        entity.Number = nextNumber;
    }

    private bool CheckDuplicateNumber(INumberedEntity entity, string nextNumber)
    {
       //...
    }

    private string GenerateNumber(INumberedEntity entity)
    {
       //...
    }
}

ابتدا بررسی می‌شود اگر پراپرتی Number مقداردهی شده‌است، عملیات مقداردهی خودکار برروی آن انجام نگیرد. سپس با توجه به اینکه ممکن است به صورت دستی قبلا شماره‌ای مانند Task_1000 وارد شده باشد و NextNumber مرتبط هم مقدار 1000 را داشته باشد؛ در این صورت به هنگام ثبت رکورد بعدی، با توجه به Prefix تنظیم شده، دوباره به شماره Task_1000 خواهیم رسید که در این مورد خاص با استفاده از متد CheckDuplicateNumber این قضیه تشخیص داده شده و سعی مجددی برای تولید شماره جدید صورت می‌گیرد.

private string GenerateNumber(INumberedEntity entity)
{
    var option = _configuration.Value.NumberedEntityOptions[entity.GetType()];

    var entityName = $"{entity.GetType().FullName}";

    var lockKey = $"Tenant_{_uow.TenantId}_" + entityName;

    _uow.ObtainApplicationLevelDatabaseLock(lockKey);

    var nextNumber = option.Start.ToString();

    var numberedEntity = _uow.Set<NumberedEntity>().AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefault(a => a.EntityName == entityName);
    if (numberedEntity == null)
    {
        _uow.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "INSERT INTO [dbo].[NumberedEntity]([EntityName], [NextNumber], [TenantId]) VALUES(@p0,@p1,@p2)", entityName,
            option.Start + option.IncrementBy, _uow.TenantId);
    }
    else
    {
        nextNumber = numberedEntity.NextNumber.ToString();
        _uow.ExecuteSqlCommand("UPDATE [dbo].[NumberedEntity] SET [NextNumber] = @p0 WHERE [Id] = @p1 ",
            numberedEntity.NextNumber + option.IncrementBy, numberedEntity.Id);
    }

    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(option.Prefix))
        nextNumber = option.Prefix + nextNumber;
    
    return nextNumber;
}

public static void ObtainApplicationLevelDatabaseLock(this IUnitOfWork uow, string resource)
{
    uow.ExecuteSqlCommand(@"EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource={0}, @LockOwner={1}, 
                @LockMode={2} , @LockTimeout={3};", resource, "Transaction", "Exclusive", 15000);
}

public class NumberingConfiguration
{
    public bool Enabled { get; set; }

    public IDictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption> NumberedEntityOptions { get; } =
        new Dictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption>();
}

public class NumberedEntityOption
{
    public string Prefix { get; set; }
    public int Start { get; set; } = 1;
    public int IncrementBy { get; set; } = 1;
}

public static void AddNumbering(this IServiceCollection services,
    IDictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption> options)
{
    services.Configure<NumberingConfiguration>(configuration =>
    {
        configuration.Enabled = true;
        configuration.NumberedEntityOptions.AddRange(options);
    });
    
    services.AddTransient<IPreActionHook, NumberingPreInsertHook>();
}

services.AddNumbering(new Dictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption>
{
    [typeof(Task)] = new NumberedEntityOption
    {
        Prefix = "T_",
        Start = 1000,
        IncrementBy = 5
    }
});

public class Task : TrackableEntity, IAggregateRoot, INumberedEntity
{
    public const int MaxTitleLength = 256;
    public const int MaxDescriptionLength = 1024; 

    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string NormalizedTitle { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public TaskState State { get; set; } = TaskState.Todo; 
    public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
    public string Number { get; set; }
}

 var date = new DateOnly(2020, 04, 20);

 var currentDate = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now);

if (DateOnly.TryParse("28/09/1984", new CultureInfo("en-US"), DateTimeStyles.None, out var result))
{
   Console.WriteLine(result);
}

DateOnly d1 = DateOnly.ParseExact("31 Dec 1980", "dd MMM yyyy", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);  // Custom format
Console.WriteLine(d1.ToString("o", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); // "1980-12-31"  (ISO 8601 format)

var persianCalendar = new PersianCalendar();
DateOnly d2 = new DateOnly(1400, 9, 6, persianCalendar);
Console.WriteLine(d2.ToString("d MMMM yyyy", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));

var newDate = date.AddDays(1).AddMonths(1).AddYears(1)

public TimeOnly(int hour, int minute)
public TimeOnly(int hour, int minute, int second)
public TimeOnly(int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond)

var startTime = new TimeOnly(10, 30);

var endTime = new TimeOnly(13, 00, 00);

var diff = endTime - startTime;

Console.WriteLine($"Hours: {diff.TotalHours}");

TimeSpan ts = endTime.ToTimeSpan();

var currentTime = TimeOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now);

DateTime dt = date.ToDateTime(new TimeOnly(0, 0));
Console.WriteLine(dt);

 var isBetween = currentTime.IsBetween(startTime, endTime);
Console.WriteLine($"Current time {(isBetween ? "is" : "is not")} between start and end");

var startTime = new TimeOnly(08, 00);
var endTime = new TimeOnly(09, 00);
 
Console.WriteLine($"{startTime < endTime}");

TimeOnly time = TimeOnly.ParseExact("5:00 pm", "h:mm tt", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);  // Custom format
Console.WriteLine(time.ToString("T", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); // "17:00:00"  (long time format)

public record DataTypeTest(DateOnly Date, TimeOnly Time);

var date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now);
var time = TimeOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now);
var test = new DataTypeTest(date, time);
var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(test);

Serialization and deserialization of 'System.DateOnly' instances are not supported.

    public class DateOnlyConverter : JsonConverter<DateOnly>
    {
        private readonly string _serializationFormat;

        public DateOnlyConverter() : this(null)
        { }

        public DateOnlyConverter(string? serializationFormat)
        {
            _serializationFormat = serializationFormat ?? "yyyy-MM-dd";
        }

        public override DateOnly Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
        {
            var value = reader.GetString();
            return DateOnly.ParseExact(value!, _serializationFormat, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }

        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, DateOnly value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
            => writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString(_serializationFormat));
    }

    public class TimeOnlyConverter : JsonConverter<TimeOnly>
    {
        private readonly string _serializationFormat;

        public TimeOnlyConverter() : this(null)
        {
        }

        public TimeOnlyConverter(string? serializationFormat)
        {
            _serializationFormat = serializationFormat ?? "HH:mm:ss.fff";
        }

        public override TimeOnly Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)
        {
            var value = reader.GetString();
            return TimeOnly.ParseExact(value!, _serializationFormat, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }

        public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, TimeOnly value, JsonSerializerOptions options)
            => writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString(_serializationFormat));
    }

var jsonOptions = new JsonSerializerOptions(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web);
jsonOptions.Converters.Add(new DateOnlyConverter());
jsonOptions.Converters.Add(new TimeOnlyConverter());
var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(test, jsonOptions);

• Convert.ToDateTime()
  
• DateTime.Parse()
• DateTime.ParseExact()
• DateTime.TryParse()
• DateTime.TryParseExact()

CultureInfo culture = new CultureInfo("en-US");    
DateTime tempDate = Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/2010 12:10:15 PM", culture);

string datestr = null;
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToDateTime(datestr));//0001-01-01T00:00:00
datestr = "wrong string";
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToDateTime(datestr));
//Unhandled Exception: System.FormatException: 
//The string was not recognized as a valid DateTime. 
//There is an unknown word starting at index 0.
datestr = "Tue Dec 30,2015";
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToDateTime(datestr));
//Unhandled Exception: System.FormatException: 
//String was not recognized as a valid DateTime.

string datestr = null;
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Parse(datestr));
//// Exception: Argument null exception
datestr = "wrong string";            
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Parse(datestr));
//// Exception: The string was not recognized as a valid DateTime. 
//// There is an unknown word starting at index 0.  
datestr = "Tue Dec 30, 2015";
//Unhandled Exception: System.FormatException: 
//String was not recognized as a valid DateTime. 
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Parse(datestr));  
 

string datestr = null;
CultureInfo provider = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.ParseExact(datestr, "mm/dd/yyyy", provider));
//Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentNullException: 
//String reference not set to an instance of a String.
datestr = "wrong date";
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.ParseExact(datestr, "mm/dd/yyyy", provider));
//Unhandled Exception: System.FormatException: 
//String was not recognized as a valid DateTime
datestr = "Tue Dec 30, 2015";
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.ParseExact(datestr, "mm/dd/yyyy", provider));
//Unhandled Exception: System.FormatException: 
//String was not recognized as a valid DateTime.
datestr = "10-22-2015";
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.ParseExact(datestr, "MM-dd-yyyy", provider));
//30/07/1394 12:00:00 ق.ظ
datestr = "10-22-2015";
Console.WriteLine(DateTime.ParseExact(datestr, new string[]
    {"MM-dd-yyyy", "MM/dd/yyyy", "MM.dd.yyyy"}, provider, DateTimeStyles.None));
//30/07/1394 12:00:00 ق.ظ

string datestr = null;
            DateTime temp;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParse(datestr, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //0001 - 01 - 01T00: 00:00

            datestr = "wrong date";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParse(datestr, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //0001 - 01 - 01T00: 00:00

            datestr = "Tue Dec 30, 2015";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParse(datestr, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //0001 - 01 - 01T00: 00:00

  string datestr = null;
            DateTime temp;
            CultureInfo provider = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParseExact(datestr, "MM/dd/yyyy", provider, DateTimeStyles.None, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //1/1/0001 12:00:00 AM

            datestr = "wrong date";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParseExact(datestr, "MM/dd/yyyy", provider, DateTimeStyles.None, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //1/1/0001 12:00:00 AM

            datestr = "Tue Dec 30, 2015";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParseExact(datestr, "MM/dd/yyyy", provider, DateTimeStyles.None, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //1/1/0001 12:00:00 AM

            datestr = "10‐22‐2015";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParseExact(datestr, "MM/dd/yyyy", provider, DateTimeStyles.None, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //False
            //1/1/0001 12:00:00 AM

            datestr = "10‐22‐2015";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParseExact(
            datestr, "MM‐dd‐yyyy", provider, DateTimeStyles.None, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //True
            //30/07/1394 12:00:00 ق.ظ

            datestr = "10‐12‐2015";
            Console.WriteLine(DateTime.TryParseExact(datestr, new string[] { "MM/dd/yyyy", "MM‐dd‐yyyy", "MM.dd.yyyy" }, provider, DateTimeStyles.None, out temp));
            Console.WriteLine(temp);
            //True
            //20/07/1394 12:00:00 ق.ظ

ضمن اینکه اگر کسی بخواهد کار جدی اعتبارسنجی را در Web API انجام دهد بهتر است از Fluent Validation استفاده کند (که تبدیل به یک استاندارد برای آن شده‌است).

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
{
    public string Email { get; set; }
    public string ConfirmationToken { get; set; }
    public bool IsConfirmed { get; set; }
}

private string CreateConfirmationToken()
{
    return ShortGuid.NewGuid();
}
 
private void SendEmailConfirmation(string to, string username, string confirmationToken)
{
    dynamic email = new Email("RegEmail");
    email.To = to;
    email.UserName = username;
    email.ConfirmationToken = confirmationToken;
    email.Send();
}
 
//
// POST: /Account/Register
[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel model)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        string confirmationToken = CreateConfirmationToken();
        var user = new ApplicationUser()
        {
            UserName = model.UserName,
            Email = model.Email,
            ConfirmationToken = confirmationToken, 
                IsConfirmed = false };
        var result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);
        if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            SendEmailConfirmation(model.Email, model.UserName, confirmationToken);
            return RedirectToAction("RegisterStepTwo", "Account");
        }
        else
        {
            AddErrors(result);
        }
    }
 
    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return View(model);
}

private bool ConfirmAccount(string confirmationToken)
{
    ApplicationDbContext context = new ApplicationDbContext();
    ApplicationUser user =  context.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.ConfirmationToken == confirmationToken);
    if (user != null)
    {
        user.IsConfirmed = true;
        DbSet<ApplicationUser> dbSet = context.Set<ApplicationUser>();
        dbSet.Attach(user);
        context.Entry(user).State = EntityState.Modified;
        context.SaveChanges();
 
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
[AllowAnonymous]
public ActionResult RegisterConfirmation(string Id)
{
    if (ConfirmAccount(Id))
    {
        return RedirectToAction("ConfirmationSuccess");
    }
    return RedirectToAction("ConfirmationFailure");
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(model.UserName, model.Password);
        if (user != null && user.IsConfirmed)
        {
            await SignInAsync(user, model.RememberMe);
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        }
        else
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid username or password.");
        }
    }
 
    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return View(model);
}

توضیحاتی درباره کار با Postal

To: @ViewBag.To
From: YOURNAME@gmail.com
Subject: Confirm your registration

Hello @ViewBag.UserName,
Please confirm your registration by following the link bellow.

@Html.ActionLink(Url.Action("RegisterConfirmation", "Account", new { id = @ViewBag.ConfirmationToken }), "RegisterConfirmation", "Account", new { id = @ViewBag.ConfirmationToken }, null)

@{ Layout = null; /* Overrides the Layout set for regular page views. */ }

What Is ChatGPT Doing … and Why Does It Work? 

What Does ChatGPT Mean for New Software Developers? 

 Cannot open database "DecisionDB" requested by the login. The login failed.
Login failed for user 'xxxxx'.
Description:  An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. 

Line 172:
Line 173: foreach (var role in from record in standardRoles
Line 174: let role = this.FindByName(record.RoleName)
Line 175: where role == null
Line 176: select new Role

Source File:  C:\Users\Majid\Desktop\Decision-master\src\Decision.ServiceLayer\EFServiecs\Users\ApplicationRoleManager.cs   Line:  174

 <add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=DecisionDB;Integrated Security = true" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>