namespace EntitySample1.DataLayer
{
    public class PhoneBookDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Person> Persons { get; set; }
        public DbSet<PhoneNumber> PhoneNumbers { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Address> Addresses { get; set; }

    }
}

        private static void ManualDetectChanges()
        {
            using (var context = new PhoneBookDbContext())
            {
                context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false; // turn off Auto Detect Changes

                var p1 = context.Persons.Single(p => p.FirstName == "joe");

                p1.LastName = "Brown";

                Console.WriteLine("Before DetectChanges: {0}", context.Entry(p1).State);

                context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges(); // call detect changes manually

                Console.WriteLine("After DetectChanges: {0}", context.Entry(p1).State);
            }
        }

Before DetectChanges: Unchanged
After DetectChanges: Modified

        private static void AddMultiplePerson()
        {
            using (var context = new PhoneBookDbContext())
            {
                context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;

                context.Persons.Add(new Person
                    {
                        FirstName = "brad",
                        LastName = "watson",
                        BirthDate = new DateTime(1990, 6, 8)
                    });

                context.Persons.Add(new Person
                {
                    FirstName = "david",
                    LastName = "brown",
                    BirthDate = new DateTime(1990, 6, 8)
                });

                context.Persons.Add(new Person
                {
                    FirstName = "will",
                    LastName = "smith",
                    BirthDate = new DateTime(1990, 6, 8)
                });

                context.SaveChanges();

            }
        }

        private static void DetectRelationshipChanges()
        {
            using (var context = new PhoneBookDbContext())
            {

                var phone1 = context.PhoneNumbers.Single(x => x.Number == "09351234567");

                var person1 = context.Persons.Single(x => x.FirstName == "will");

                person1.PhoneNumbers.Add(phone1);

                Console.WriteLine("Before DetectChanges: {0}", phone1.Person.FirstName);

                context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges(); // ralationships fix-up

                Console.WriteLine("After DetectChanges: {0}", phone1.Person.FirstName);
            }
        }

Before DetectChanges: david
After DetectChanges: will

namespace EntitySample1.DomainClasses
{
    public class Person
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string FirstName { get; set; }
        public virtual string LastName { get; set; }
        public virtual DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
        public virtual PersonInfo PersonInfo { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<PhoneNumber> PhoneNumbers { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Address> Addresses { get; set; }
    }
}

        private static void TestForChangeTrackingProxy()
        {
            using (var context = new PhoneBookDbContext())
            {
                var person = context.Persons.First();
                var isProxy = person is IEntityWithChangeTracker;
                Console.WriteLine("person is a proxy: {0}", isProxy);
            }
        }

Before DetectChanges: Modified
After DetectChanges: Modified

Before DetectChanges: will
After DetectChanges: will

        private static void CreateNewProxies()
        {
            using (var context = new PhoneBookDbContext())
            {
                var phoneNumber = new PhoneNumber { Number = "987" };

                var davidPersonProxy = context.Persons.Create();
                davidPersonProxy.FirstName = "david";
                davidPersonProxy.PhoneNumbers.Add(phoneNumber);

                Console.WriteLine(phoneNumber.Person.FirstName);
            }
        }

var newStudent = context.Persons.Create<Student>();

        private static void PrintPersonsWithoutChangeTracking()
        {
            using (var context = new PhoneBookDbContext())
            {
                var persons = context.Persons.AsNoTracking().ToList();

                foreach (var person in persons)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(person.FirstName);
                }

            }
        }

var query = from p in context.Persons.AsNoTracking()
                            where p.FirstName == "joe"
                            select p;

                var query = from p in context.Persons
                            where p.FirstName == "joe"
                            select p;
                query = query.AsNoTracking();

namespace ControllerExtensibility.Models
{
    public class Result
    {
        public string ControllerName { get; set; }
        public string ActionName { get; set; }
    }
}

using ControllerExtensibility.Models;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace ControllerExtensibility.Controllers
{
    public class ProductController : Controller
    {
        public ViewResult Index()
        {
            return View("Result", new Result
            {
                ControllerName = "Product",
                ActionName = "Index"
            });
        }
        public ViewResult List()
        {
            return View("Result", new Result
            {
                ControllerName = "Product",
                ActionName = "List"
            });
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace ControllerExtensibility.Controllers
{
    public class CustomerController : Controller
    {
        public ViewResult Index()
        {
            return View("Result", new Result
            {
                ControllerName = "Customer",
                ActionName = "Index"
            });
        }
        public ViewResult List()
        {
            return View("Result", new Result
            {
                ControllerName = "Customer",
                ActionName = "List"
            });
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Routing;
using System.Web.SessionState;
namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
    public interface IControllerFactory
    {
        IController CreateController(RequestContext requestContext,
        string controllerName);
        SessionStateBehavior GetControllerSessionBehavior(RequestContext requestContext,
        string controllerName);
        void ReleaseController(IController controller);
    }
}

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using ControllerExtensibility.Controllers;

namespace ControllerExtensibility.Infrastructure
{
    public class CustomControllerFactory : IControllerFactory
    {
        public IController CreateController(RequestContext requestContext,
            string controllerName)
        {
            Type targetType = null;
            switch (controllerName)
            {
                case "Product":
                    targetType = typeof (ProductController);
                    break;
                case "Customer":
                    targetType = typeof (CustomerController);
                    break;
                default:
                    requestContext.RouteData.Values["controller"] = "Product";
                    targetType = typeof (ProductController);
                    break;
            }
            return targetType == null
                ? null
                : (IController) DependencyResolver.Current.GetService(targetType);
        }

        public SessionStateBehavior GetControllerSessionBehavior(RequestContext
            requestContext, string controllerName)
        {
            return SessionStateBehavior.Default;
        }

        public void ReleaseController(IController controller)
        {
            IDisposable disposable = controller as IDisposable;
            if (disposable != null)
            {
                disposable.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using ControllerExtensibility.Infrastructure;
namespace ControllerExtensibility
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
            FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
            ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new
            CustomControllerFactory());
        }
    }
}

• پنجره Server Explorer را باز کنید و مطمئن شوید که الگوی جداول و داده‌ها قابل رویت هستند.
• سیستم ASP.NET Identity با نسخه 4.5 دات نت فریم ورک و بالا‌تر سازگار است. پس نسخه فریم ورک پروژه را به آخرین نسخه (4.5.1) تغییر دهید.

پروژه را Build کنید تا مطمئن شوید هیچ خطایی وجود ندارد.

نصب پکیج‌های NuGet

• Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin
• Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb
• Microsoft.Owin.Security.Facebook
• Microsoft.Owin.Security.Google
• Microsoft.Owin.Security.MicrosoftAccount
• Microsoft.Owin.Security.Twitter

مهاجرت دیتابیس فعلی به سیستم ASP.NET Identity

در پنجره کوئری باز شده، تمام محتویات فایل Migrations.sql را کپی کنید. سپس اسکریپت را با کلیک کردن دکمه Execute اجرا کنید.

ممکن است با اخطاری مواجه شوید مبنی بر آنکه امکان حذف (drop) بعضی از جداول وجود نداشت. دلیلش آن است که چهار عبارت اولیه در این اسکریپت، تمام جداول مربوط به Identity را در صورت وجود حذف می‌کنند. از آنجا که با اجرای اولیه این اسکریپت چنین جداولی وجود ندارند، می‌توانیم این خطاها را نادیده بگیریم. حال پنجره Server Explorer را تازه (refresh) کنید و خواهید دید که پنج جدول جدید ساخته شده اند.

لیست زیر نحوه Map کردن اطلاعات از جداول SQL Membership به سیستم Identity را نشان می‌دهد.

• aspnet_Roles --> AspNetRoles
• aspnet_Users, aspnet_Membership --> AspNetUsers
• aspnet_UsersInRoles --> AspNetUserRoles

ساختن مدل‌ها و صفحات عضویت

  public class User : IdentityUser
    {
        public User()
        {
            CreateDate = DateTime.Now;
            IsApproved = false;
            LastLoginDate = DateTime.Now;
            LastActivityDate = DateTime.Now;
            LastPasswordChangedDate = DateTime.Now;
            LastLockoutDate = DateTime.Parse("1/1/1754");
            FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStart = DateTime.Parse("1/1/1754");
            FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStart = DateTime.Parse("1/1/1754");
        }

        public System.Guid ApplicationId { get; set; }
        public string MobileAlias { get; set; }
        public bool IsAnonymous { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime LastActivityDate { get; set; }
        public string MobilePIN { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
        public string LoweredEmail { get; set; }
        public string LoweredUserName { get; set; }
        public string PasswordQuestion { get; set; }
        public string PasswordAnswer { get; set; }
        public bool IsApproved { get; set; }
        public bool IsLockedOut { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime LastLoginDate { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime LastPasswordChangedDate { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime LastLockoutDate { get; set; }
        public int FailedPasswordAttemptCount { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime FailedPasswordAttemptWindowStart { get; set; }
        public int FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptCount { get; set; }
        public System.DateTime FailedPasswordAnswerAttemptWindowStart { get; set; }
        public string Comment { get; set; }
    }

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<User>
{
        
}

public class UserManager : UserManager<User>
{
        
}

public class SQLPasswordHasher : PasswordHasher
{
        public override string HashPassword(string password)
        {
            return base.HashPassword(password);
        }

        public override PasswordVerificationResult VerifyHashedPassword(string hashedPassword, string providedPassword)
        {
            string[] passwordProperties = hashedPassword.Split('|');
            if (passwordProperties.Length != 3)
            {
                return base.VerifyHashedPassword(hashedPassword, providedPassword);
            }
            else
            {
                string passwordHash = passwordProperties[0];
                int passwordformat = 1;
                string salt = passwordProperties[2];
                if (String.Equals(EncryptPassword(providedPassword, passwordformat, salt), passwordHash, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
                {
                    return PasswordVerificationResult.SuccessRehashNeeded;
                }
                else
                {
                    return PasswordVerificationResult.Failed;
                }
            }
        }

        //This is copied from the existing SQL providers and is provided only for back-compat.
        private string EncryptPassword(string pass, int passwordFormat, string salt)
        {
            if (passwordFormat == 0) // MembershipPasswordFormat.Clear
                return pass;

            byte[] bIn = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(pass);
            byte[] bSalt = Convert.FromBase64String(salt);
            byte[] bRet = null;

            if (passwordFormat == 1)
            { // MembershipPasswordFormat.Hashed 
                HashAlgorithm hm = HashAlgorithm.Create("SHA1");
                if (hm is KeyedHashAlgorithm)
                {
                    KeyedHashAlgorithm kha = (KeyedHashAlgorithm)hm;
                    if (kha.Key.Length == bSalt.Length)
                    {
                        kha.Key = bSalt;
                    }
                    else if (kha.Key.Length < bSalt.Length)
                    {
                        byte[] bKey = new byte[kha.Key.Length];
                        Buffer.BlockCopy(bSalt, 0, bKey, 0, bKey.Length);
                        kha.Key = bKey;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        byte[] bKey = new byte[kha.Key.Length];
                        for (int iter = 0; iter < bKey.Length; )
                        {
                            int len = Math.Min(bSalt.Length, bKey.Length - iter);
                            Buffer.BlockCopy(bSalt, 0, bKey, iter, len);
                            iter += len;
                        }
                        kha.Key = bKey;
                    }
                    bRet = kha.ComputeHash(bIn);
                }
                else
                {
                    byte[] bAll = new byte[bSalt.Length + bIn.Length];
                    Buffer.BlockCopy(bSalt, 0, bAll, 0, bSalt.Length);
                    Buffer.BlockCopy(bIn, 0, bAll, bSalt.Length, bIn.Length);
                    bRet = hm.ComputeHash(bAll);
                }
            }

            return Convert.ToBase64String(bRet);
    }
}

public UserManager()
            : base(new UserStore<User>(new ApplicationDbContext()))
        {
            this.PasswordHasher = new SQLPasswordHasher();
 }

private Guid GetApplicationID()
{
    using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ApplicationServices"].ConnectionString))
            {
                string queryString = "SELECT ApplicationId from aspnet_Applications WHERE ApplicationName = '/'"; //Set application name as in database

                SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(queryString, connection);
                command.Connection.Open();

                var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    return reader.GetGuid(0);
                }

            return Guid.NewGuid();
        }
}

var currentApplicationId = GetApplicationID();

User user = new User() { UserName = Username.Text,
ApplicationId=currentApplicationId, …};

IEnumerable input = new object[] { "Apple", 33, "Sugar", 44, 'a', new DateTime()};
IEnumerable<string> query = input.OfType<string>();
foreach (var item in query)
{
   Console.WriteLine(item);
}

 class Ingredient
  {
     public string Name { get; set; }
  }
  class DryIngredient : Ingredient
  {
     public int Grams { get; set; }
  }

  class WetIngredient : Ingredient
  {
     public int Millilitres { get; set; }
  }

IEnumerable<Ingredient> input = new Ingredient[]
{
   new DryIngredient { Name = "Flour" },
   new WetIngredient { Name = "Milk" },
   new WetIngredient { Name = "Water" }
};

IEnumerable<WetIngredient> query = input.OfType<WetIngredient>();
foreach (WetIngredient item in query)
{
   Console.WriteLine(item.Name);
}

IEnumerable input = new object[]
{
   "Apple", 33, "Sugar", 44, 'a', new DateTime()
};

IEnumerable<string> query = input.Cast<string>();
foreach (string item in query)
{
   Console.WriteLine(item);
}

IEnumerable input = new object[]{ "Apple", "Sugar", "Flour" };
IEnumerable<string> query =
from string i in input
select i;

foreach (var item in query)
{
   Console.WriteLine(item);
}

class Recipe
{
   public int Id { get; set; }
   public string Name { get; set; }
   public int Rating { get; set; }
}

IEnumerable<Recipe> recipes = new[]
{
   new Recipe { Id = 1, Name = "Apple Pie", Rating = 5 },
   new Recipe { Id = 2, Name = "Cherry Pie", Rating = 2 },
   new Recipe { Id = 3, Name = "Beef Pie", Rating = 3 }
};

Dictionary<int, Recipe> dict = recipes.ToDictionary(x => x.Id);
foreach (KeyValuePair<int, Recipe> item in dict)
{
   Console.WriteLine($"Key={item.Key}, Recipe={item.Value}");
}

class Recipe
{
   public int Id { get; set; }
   public string Name { get; set; }
   public byte Rating { get; set; }
}

IEnumerable<Recipe> recipes = new[]
{
   new Recipe { Id = 1, Name = "Apple Pie", Rating = 5 },
   new Recipe { Id = 1, Name = "Banana Pie", Rating = 5 },
   new Recipe { Id = 2, Name = "Cherry Pie", Rating = 2 },
   new Recipe { Id = 3, Name = "Beef Pie", Rating = 3 }
};

ILookup<byte, Recipe> look = recipes.ToLookup(x => x.Rating);
foreach (IGrouping<byte, Recipe> ratingGroup in look)
{
   byte rating = ratingGroup.Key;
   Console.WriteLine($"Rating {rating}");
   foreach (var recipe in ratingGroup)
   {
      Console.WriteLine($" - {recipe.Name}");
   }
}

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient {Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 150},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Flour", Calories = 50},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Butter", Calories = 500}
};

Ingredient element = ingredients.First();
Console.WriteLine(element.Name);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient {Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 150},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Flour", Calories = 50},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Butter", Calories = 500}
};

Ingredient element = ingredients.First(x=>x.Calories==150);
Console.WriteLine(element.Name);

 Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient {Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 150},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Flour", Calories = 50},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Butter", Calories = 500}
};
Ingredient element = ingredients.First(x=>x.Calories==1500);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient {Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 150},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Flour", Calories = 50},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Butter", Calories = 500}
};

Ingredient element = ingredients.FirstOrDefault(x=>x.Calories==1500);
Console.WriteLine(element==null);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient {Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 150},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Flour", Calories = 50},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Butter", Calories = 500}
};
Ingredient element = ingredients.Last(x=>x.Calories==500);
Console.WriteLine(element.Name);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 }
};

Ingredient element = ingredients.Single();
Console.WriteLine(element.Name);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
   new Ingredient {Name = "Butter", Calories = 150},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 500}
};
Ingredient element = ingredients.Single(x => x.Calories == 150);
Console.WriteLine(element.Name);

 Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 50}
};
Ingredient element = ingredients.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Calories == 9999);
Console.WriteLine(element==null);

 Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 50}
};

Ingredient element = ingredients.ElementAt(2);
Console.WriteLine(element.Name);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 50}
};
Ingredient element = ingredients.ElementAtOrDefault(5);
Console.WriteLine(element==null);

Ingredient[] ingredients =
{
   new Ingredient { Name = "Sugar", Calories = 500 },
   new Ingredient {Name = "Egg", Calories = 100},
   new Ingredient {Name = "Milk", Calories = 50}
};

IEnumerable<Ingredient> query = ingredients.DefaultIfEmpty();
foreach (Ingredient item in query)
{
  Console.WriteLine(item.Name);
}

Ingredient[] ingredients = { };
IEnumerable<Ingredient> query = ingredients.DefaultIfEmpty();
foreach (Ingredient item in query)
{
   Console.WriteLine(item == null);
}

public abstract class Entity
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }
    }

public class Book : EntityBase
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public decimal Author { get; set; }
    }

 public class BookRepository
    {
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Guid, Book> result = new ConcurrentDictionary<Guid, Book>();

        public IQueryable<Book> GetAll()
        {
            return result.Values.AsQueryable();
        }        

        public Book Add(Book entity)
        {
            if (entity.Id == Guid.Empty) entity.Id = Guid.NewGuid();

            if (result.ContainsKey(entity.Id)) return null;

            if (!result.TryAdd(entity.Id, entity)) return null;

            return entity;
        }     
    }

 public class BooksController : ApiController
    {
        public static BookRepository repository = new BookRepository();       

public BooksController()
        {
            repository.Add(new Book 
            {
                Id=Guid.NewGuid(),
                Name="C#",
                Author="Masoud Pakdel"
            });

            repository.Add(new Book
            {
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Name = "F#",
                Author = "Masoud Pakdel"
            });

            repository.Add(new Book
            {
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Name = "TypeScript",
                Author = "Masoud Pakdel"
            });
        }

        public IEnumerable<Book> Get()
        {
            return repository.GetAll().ToArray();
        }          
    }