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PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Samples -Pre

public partial class Startup
{
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
    {
        // Enable the application to use a cookie to 
        // store information for the signed in user
        app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
        {
            AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
            LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login")
        });

        // Use a cookie to temporarily store information about a 
        // user logging in with a third party login provider
        app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

        // Uncomment the following lines to enable logging 
        // in with third party login providers
        //app.UseMicrosoftAccountAuthentication(
        //    clientId: "",
        //    clientSecret: "");

        //app.UseTwitterAuthentication(
        //   consumerKey: "",
        //   consumerSecret: "");
 
        //app.UseFacebookAuthentication(
        //   appId: "",
        //   appSecret: "");

        //app.UseGoogleAuthentication();
    }
}

public partial class Startup {
    public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app) {
        // Configure the db context, user manager and role 
        // manager to use a single instance per request
        app.CreatePerOwinContext(ApplicationDbContext.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationUserManager>(ApplicationUserManager.Create);
        app.CreatePerOwinContext<ApplicationRoleManager>(ApplicationRoleManager.Create);

        // Enable the application to use a cookie to store information for the 
        // signed in user and to use a cookie to temporarily store information 
        // about a user logging in with a third party login provider 
        // Configure the sign in cookie
        app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {
            AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
            LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),
            Provider = new CookieAuthenticationProvider {
                // Enables the application to validate the security stamp when the user 
                // logs in. This is a security feature which is used when you 
                // change a password or add an external login to your account.  
                OnValidateIdentity = SecurityStampValidator
                    .OnValidateIdentity<ApplicationUserManager, ApplicationUser>(
                    validateInterval: TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),
                    regenerateIdentity: (manager, user) 
                    => user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(manager))
            }
        });

        app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

        // Enables the application to temporarily store user information when 
        // they are verifying the second factor in the two-factor authentication process.
        app.UseTwoFactorSignInCookie(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie, 
            TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));

        // Enables the application to remember the second login verification factor such 
        // as phone or email. Once you check this option, your second step of 
        // verification during the login process will be remembered on the device where 
        // you logged in from. This is similar to the RememberMe option when you log in.
        app.UseTwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorRememberBrowserCookie);

        // Uncomment the following lines to enable logging in 
        // with third party login providers
        //app.UseMicrosoftAccountAuthentication(
        //    clientId: "",
        //    clientSecret: "");

        //app.UseTwitterAuthentication(
        //   consumerKey: "",
        //   consumerSecret: "");

        //app.UseFacebookAuthentication(
        //   appId: "",
        //   appSecret: "");

        //app.UseGoogleAuthentication();
    }
}

public class IdentityUser : IUser
{
    public IdentityUser();
    public IdentityUser(string userName);

    public virtual string Id { get; set; }
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserRole> Roles { get; }
    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserClaim> Claims { get; }
    public virtual ICollection<IdentityUserLogin> Logins { get; }

    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser {
    public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(
        UserManager<ApplicationUser> manager) {
        // Note the authenticationType must match the one 
        // defined in CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationType
        var userIdentity = 
            await manager.CreateIdentityAsync(this, 
                DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

        // Add custom user claims here
        return userIdentity;
    }
}

public class IdentityUser<TKey, TLogin, TRole, TClaim> : IUser<TKey>
    where TLogin : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserLogin<TKey>
    where TRole : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserRole<TKey>
    where TClaim : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserClaim<TKey>
{
    public IdentityUser();

    // Used to record failures for the purposes of lockout
    public virtual int AccessFailedCount { get; set; }
    // Navigation property for user claims
    public virtual ICollection<TClaim> Claims { get; }
    // Email
    public virtual string Email { get; set; }
    // True if the email is confirmed, default is false
    public virtual bool EmailConfirmed { get; set; }
    // User ID (Primary Key)
    public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }
    // Is lockout enabled for this user
    public virtual bool LockoutEnabled { get; set; }
    // DateTime in UTC when lockout ends, any 
    // time in the past is considered not locked out.
    public virtual DateTime? LockoutEndDateUtc { get; set; }

    // Navigation property for user logins
    public virtual ICollection<TLogin> Logins { get; }
    // The salted/hashed form of the user password
    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }
    // PhoneNumber for the user
    public virtual string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
    // True if the phone number is confirmed, default is false
    public virtual bool PhoneNumberConfirmed { get; set; }
    // Navigation property for user roles
    public virtual ICollection<TRole> Roles { get; }

    // A random value that should change whenever a users 
    // credentials have changed (password changed, login removed)
    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }
    // Is two factor enabled for the user
    public virtual bool TwoFactorEnabled { get; set; }
    // User name
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }
}

public class IdentityUser<TKey, TLogin, TRole, TClaim> : IUser<TKey>
    where TLogin : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserLogin<TKey>
    where TRole : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserRole<TKey>
    where TClaim : Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityUserClaim<TKey>

public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }

public virtual ICollection<TRole> Roles { get; }

public class IdentityUserRole 
{
      public IdentityUserRole();
      public virtual IdentityRole Role { get; set; }
      public virtual string RoleId { get; set; }
      public virtual IdentityUser User { get; set; }
      public virtual string UserId { get; set; }
}

public class IdentityUserRole<TKey> 
{
    public IdentityUserRole();
    public virtual TKey RoleId { get; set; }
    public virtual TKey UserId { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationUserManager : UserManager<ApplicationUser>
{
    public ApplicationUserManager(IUserStore<ApplicationUser> store)
        : base(store)
    {
    }

    public static ApplicationUserManager Create(
        IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationUserManager> options, 
        IOwinContext context)
    {
        var manager = new ApplicationUserManager(
            new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(
                context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

        // Configure validation logic for usernames
        manager.UserValidator = 
            new UserValidator<ApplicationUser>(manager)
        {
            AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
            RequireUniqueEmail = true
        };

        // Configure validation logic for passwords
        manager.PasswordValidator = new PasswordValidator
        {
            RequiredLength = 6, 
            RequireNonLetterOrDigit = true,
            RequireDigit = true,
            RequireLowercase = true,
            RequireUppercase = true,
        };

        // Configure user lockout defaults
        manager.UserLockoutEnabledByDefault = true;
        manager.DefaultAccountLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
        manager.MaxFailedAccessAttemptsBeforeLockout = 5;

        // Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses 
        // Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying 
        // the user You can write your own provider and plug in here.
        manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", 
            new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
        {
            MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
        });

        manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", 
            new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
        {
            Subject = "SecurityCode",
            BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
        });

        manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
        manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

        var dataProtectionProvider = options.DataProtectionProvider;

        if (dataProtectionProvider != null)
        {
            manager.UserTokenProvider = 
                new DataProtectorTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>(
                    dataProtectionProvider.Create("ASP.NET Identity"));
        }

        return manager;
    }

    public virtual async Task<IdentityResult> AddUserToRolesAsync(
        string userId, IList<string> roles)
    {
        var userRoleStore = (IUserRoleStore<ApplicationUser, string>)Store;
        var user = await FindByIdAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);

        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid user Id");
        }

        var userRoles = await userRoleStore
            .GetRolesAsync(user)
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        // Add user to each role using UserRoleStore
        foreach (var role in roles.Where(role => !userRoles.Contains(role)))
        {
            await userRoleStore.AddToRoleAsync(user, role).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        // Call update once when all roles are added
        return await UpdateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    public virtual async Task<IdentityResult> RemoveUserFromRolesAsync(
        string userId, IList<string> roles)
    {
        var userRoleStore = (IUserRoleStore<ApplicationUser, string>) Store;
        var user = await FindByIdAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);

        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid user Id");
        }

        var userRoles = await userRoleStore
            .GetRolesAsync(user)
            .ConfigureAwait(false);

        // Remove user to each role using UserRoleStore
        foreach (var role in roles.Where(userRoles.Contains))
        {
            await userRoleStore
                .RemoveFromRoleAsync(user, role)
                .ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        // Call update once when all roles are removed
        return await UpdateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
}

public class ApplicationRoleManager : RoleManager<IdentityRole>
{
    public ApplicationRoleManager(IRoleStore<IdentityRole,string> roleStore)
        : base(roleStore)
    {
    }

    public static ApplicationRoleManager Create(
        IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationRoleManager> options, 
        IOwinContext context)
    {
        var manager = new ApplicationRoleManager(
            new RoleStore<IdentityRole>(
                context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

        return manager;
    }
}

public class EmailService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your email service here to send an email.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

public class SmsService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your sms service here to send a text message.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

// Register two factor authentication providers. This application uses 
// Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying 
// the user You can write your own provider and plug in here.
manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("PhoneCode", 
    new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
});

manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider("EmailCode", 
    new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    Subject = "SecurityCode",
    BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
});

manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

public class SignInHelper
{
    public SignInHelper(
        ApplicationUserManager userManager, 
        IAuthenticationManager authManager)
    {
        UserManager = userManager;
        AuthenticationManager = authManager;
    }

    public ApplicationUserManager UserManager { get; private set; }
    public IAuthenticationManager AuthenticationManager { get; private set; }

    public async Task SignInAsync(
        ApplicationUser user, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool rememberBrowser)
    {
        // Clear any partial cookies from external or two factor partial sign ins
        AuthenticationManager.SignOut(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie, 
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);

        var userIdentity = await user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(UserManager);

        if (rememberBrowser)
        {
            var rememberBrowserIdentity = 
                AuthenticationManager.CreateTwoFactorRememberBrowserIdentity(user.Id);

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
                new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, 
                userIdentity, 
                rememberBrowserIdentity);
        }
        else
        {
            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
                new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, 
                userIdentity);
        }
    }

    public async Task<bool> SendTwoFactorCode(string provider)
    {
        var userId = await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync();

        if (userId == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        var token = await UserManager.GenerateTwoFactorTokenAsync(userId, provider);

        // See IdentityConfig.cs to plug in Email/SMS services to actually send the code
        await UserManager.NotifyTwoFactorTokenAsync(userId, provider, token);

        return true;
    }

    public async Task<string> GetVerifiedUserIdAsync()
    {
        var result = await AuthenticationManager.AuthenticateAsync(
            DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);

        if (result != null && result.Identity != null 
            && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Identity.GetUserId()))
        {
            return result.Identity.GetUserId();
        }

        return null;
    }

    public async Task<bool> HasBeenVerified()
    {
        return await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync() != null;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> TwoFactorSignIn(
        string provider, 
        string code, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool rememberBrowser)
    {
        var userId = await GetVerifiedUserIdAsync();

        if (userId == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(userId);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        if (await UserManager.VerifyTwoFactorTokenAsync(user.Id, provider, code))
        {
            // When token is verified correctly, clear the access failed 
            // count used for lockout
            await UserManager.ResetAccessFailedCountAsync(user.Id);
            await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent, rememberBrowser);

            return SignInStatus.Success;
        }

        // If the token is incorrect, record the failure which 
        // also may cause the user to be locked out
        await UserManager.AccessFailedAsync(user.Id);

        return SignInStatus.Failure;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> ExternalSignIn(
        ExternalLoginInfo loginInfo, 
        bool isPersistent)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(loginInfo.Login);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        return await SignInOrTwoFactor(user, isPersistent);
    }

    private async Task<SignInStatus> SignInOrTwoFactor(
        ApplicationUser user, 
        bool isPersistent)
    {
        if (await UserManager.GetTwoFactorEnabledAsync(user.Id) &&
            !await AuthenticationManager.TwoFactorBrowserRememberedAsync(user.Id))
        {
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.TwoFactorCookie);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id));

            AuthenticationManager.SignIn(identity);
            return SignInStatus.RequiresTwoFactorAuthentication;
        }

        await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent, false);
        return SignInStatus.Success;
    }

    public async Task<SignInStatus> PasswordSignIn(
        string userName, 
        string password, 
        bool isPersistent, 
        bool shouldLockout)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);

        if (user == null)
        {
            return SignInStatus.Failure;
        }

        if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
        {
            return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
        }

        if (await UserManager.CheckPasswordAsync(user, password))
        {
            return await SignInOrTwoFactor(user, isPersistent);
        }

        if (shouldLockout)
        {
            // If lockout is requested, increment access failed 
            // count which might lock out the user
            await UserManager.AccessFailedAsync(user.Id);

            if (await UserManager.IsLockedOutAsync(user.Id))
            {
                return SignInStatus.LockedOut;
            }
        }

        return SignInStatus.Failure;
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (!ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        return View(model);
    }

    // This doen't count login failures towards lockout only two factor authentication
    // To enable password failures to trigger lockout, change to shouldLockout: true
    var result = await SignInHelper.PasswordSignIn(
        model.Email, 
        model.Password, 
        model.RememberMe, 
        shouldLockout: false);

    switch (result)
    {
        case SignInStatus.Success:
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        case SignInStatus.LockedOut:
            return View("Lockout");
        case SignInStatus.RequiresTwoFactorAuthentication:
            return RedirectToAction("SendCode", new { ReturnUrl = returnUrl });
        case SignInStatus.Failure:
        default:
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid login attempt.");

            return View(model);
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        var user = await UserManager.FindAsync(model.UserName, model.Password);

        if (user != null)
        {
            await SignInAsync(user, model.RememberMe);
            return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
        }
        else
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid username or password.");
        }
    }

    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return View(model);
}

private async Task SignInAsync(ApplicationUser user, bool isPersistent)
{
    AuthenticationManager.SignOut(
        DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

    var identity = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(
        user, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

    AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
        new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, identity);
}

public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser> {
    public ApplicationDbContext()
        : base("DefaultConnection", throwIfV1Schema: false) {
    }

    static ApplicationDbContext() {
        // Set the database intializer which is run once during application start
        // This seeds the database with admin user credentials and admin role
        Database.SetInitializer<ApplicationDbContext>(new ApplicationDbInitializer());
    }

    public static ApplicationDbContext Create() {
        return new ApplicationDbContext();
    }
}

public class ApplicationDbInitializer 
    : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<ApplicationDbContext> 
{
    protected override void Seed(ApplicationDbContext context) 
    {
        InitializeIdentityForEF(context);
        base.Seed(context);
    }

    public static void InitializeIdentityForEF(ApplicationDbContext db) 
    {
        var userManager = HttpContext
            .Current.GetOwinContext()
            .GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();

        var roleManager = HttpContext.Current
            .GetOwinContext()
            .Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();

        const string name = "admin@admin.com";
        const string password = "Admin@123456";
        const string roleName = "Admin";

        //Create Role Admin if it does not exist
        var role = roleManager.FindByName(roleName);

        if (role == null) 
        {
            role = new IdentityRole(roleName);
            var roleresult = roleManager.Create(role);
        }

        var user = userManager.FindByName(name);

        if (user == null) 
        {
            user = new ApplicationUser { UserName = name, Email = name };

            var result = userManager.Create(user, password);
            result = userManager.SetLockoutEnabled(user.Id, false);
        }

        // Add user admin to Role Admin if not already added
        var rolesForUser = userManager.GetRoles(user.Id);

        if (!rolesForUser.Contains(role.Name)) 
        {
            var result = userManager.AddToRole(user.Id, role.Name);
        }
    }
}

.NET Core, the reinvention of the Microsoft .NET Framework as an open source, cross-platform development choice, is a key focus of the upcoming features planned for the Visual Studio IDE.

In conjunction with .NET Standard -- a spec detailing what .NET APIs should be available on all .NET implementations -- .NET Core retains compatibility with .NET Framework, Xamarin and Mono while letting developers use Windows, macOS or Linux machines to code for mobile, cloud and embedded/IoT projects.

While still primarily driven by Microsoft dev teams, .NET Core is hosted on a GitHub repository and is supported by the .NET Foundation, an independent organization created by Microsoft three years ago to improve its open source development and collaboration.

Peeking at the Visual Studio Roadmap (updated last week) reveals .NET Core figures prominently in upcoming functionality for the IDE, both in the near-term and long:  

USE TEMPDB
GO
IF OBJECT_ID(N'Employees', N'U') IS NOT NULL 
    DROP TABLE Employees1;
GO
CREATE TABLE Employees
(
ID int IDENTITY,
FirstName NVARCHAR(50),
LastName NVARCHAR(50)
)
GO
INSERT INTO Employees (FirstName,LastName) VALUES (N'مسعود',N'طاهری')
GO
SELECT @@IDENTITY AS [@@IDENTITY]
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS [SCOPE_IDENTITY()]
SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1') AS [IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1')]
GO

 USE TEMPDB GO
IF OBJECT_ID(N'Employees1', N'U') IS NOT NULL 
    DROP TABLE Employees1;
GO
CREATE TABLE Employees1
(
ID int IDENTITY(1,1),
FirstName NVARCHAR(50),
LastName NVARCHAR(50)
)
GO

GO
INSERT INTO Employees1(FirstName,LastName) VALUES (N'فرید',N'طاهری')
GO
SELECT @@IDENTITY AS [@@IDENTITY]
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS [SCOPE_IDENTITY()]
SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1') AS [IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1')]
GO

همانگونه که ملاحضه می‌کنید @@Identity، Scope_Identity() و Ident_Current هر سه مقدار Identity (عدد 1) ایجاد شده بوسیله دستور Insert را به شما نمایش می‌دهند.

1-   و در انتها در یک Session دیگر دستورات زیر را اجرا نمایید.(واکشی مقدار Identity) 

USE tempdb
GO
SELECT @@IDENTITY AS [@@IDENTITY]
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS [SCOPE_IDENTITY()]
SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1') AS [IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1')]
GO

همانطور که مشاهده می‌کنید در این Seesion ما از SQL خواسته‌ایم آخرین مقدار Identity را به ما نشان داده شود. باید به این نکته توجه کنید با توجه به اینکه در این Session عملیات درجی هنوز انجام نگرفته است که ما Identity ایجاد شده را مشاهده نماییم. بنابراین صرفاً تابع Iden_Current مقدار Identity موجود در جدول را به ما نمایش می‌دهد.

پس می‌توان به این نکته رسید که 

@@Idnetity و Scope_Identity :  Identity ایجاد به ازای Session جاری را نمایش داده و به مقادیر تولید شده توسط سایر Sessionهای دیگر دسترسی ندارد.

Ident_Current : آخرین Identity موجود در جدول را به شما نمایش می‌دهد. بنابراین باید این نکته را در نظر داشته باشید که Identityها ایجاد شده توسط سایر Sessionها روی مقدار بازگشتی این تابع تاثیرگدار است. 

اما یکی دیگر از مباحث مهم درباره Identity تاثیر Scope بر مقدار Identity است (یعنی چه!) . برای اینکه با مفهوم این موضوع آشنا شوید اسکریپت‌های مربوط به مثال زیر را بدقت اجرا کنید.

1-   ایجاد جدول Employees1 

USE TEMPDB
GO
IF OBJECT_ID(N'Employees1', N'U') IS NOT NULL 
    DROP TABLE Employees1;
GO
CREATE TABLE Employees1
(
ID int IDENTITY(1,1),
FirstName NVARCHAR(50),
LastName NVARCHAR(50)
)
GO

همانطور که مشاهده می‌کنید مقدار شروع برای Identity برابر 1 و گام افزایش هم برابر 1 در نظر گرفته شده است(Identity(1,1)) .

2-   ایجاد جدول Employees2 

USE TEMPDB
GO
IF OBJECT_ID(N'Employees2', N'U') IS NOT NULL 
    DROP TABLE Employees2;
GO
CREATE TABLE Employees2
(
ID int IDENTITY(100,1),
FirstName NVARCHAR(50),
LastName NVARCHAR(50)
)
GO

همانطور که مشاهده می‌کنید مقدار شروع برای Identity برابر 100 و گام افزایش هم برابر 1 در نظر گرفته شده است(Identity(100,1)).

3- ایجاد یک Trigger به ازای جدول Employees1 

USE tempdb
GO
CREATE TRIGGER Employees1_Insert ON Employees1 FOR INSERT 
AS
BEGIN
   INSERT Employees2(FirstName,LastName)
SELECT FirstName,LastName FROM INSERTED 
END;
GO

Trigger ایجاد شده به ازای جدول Employees1 به ازای عملیات Insert اجرا می‌شود. همچنین مقادیر درج شده در جدول Employees1 بوسیله جدول Inserted در دسترس است. لازم به ذکر است جدول Inserted یک جدول موقت بوده که توسط Trigger ایجاد شده و داخل خود آن معتبر است.

هدف ما از ایجاد این Trigger تهیه یک کپی از رکوردهایی که در جدول Employees1 درج می‌شوند است. این کپی قرار است با استفاده از دستور Insert…Select در جدول Employees2 ایجاد گردد. 

4-   درج یک رکورد در جدول Employees1 و واکشی مقدار Identity 

USE tempdb
GO
INSERT INTO Employees1(FirstName,LastName) VALUES (N'مسعود',N'طاهری')
GO
SELECT @@IDENTITY AS [@@IDENTITY]
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS [SCOPE_IDENTITY()]
SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1') AS [IDENT_CURRENT('Employees1')]
SELECT IDENT_CURRENT('Employees2') AS [IDENT_CURRENT('Employees2')]
GO

مقادیر استخراج شده به ازای Identity به شرح زیر است

1-   @@Identity : پس از درج رکورد در جدول Employees1 متغییر سیستمی @@Identity مقدار 100 را نمایش داده است دلیل این موضوع بر می‌گردد به Trigger موجود در جدول Employees1.  

با توجه به اینکه جدول Employees1 دارای یک فیلد Identity بوده است هنگام درج رکورد در جدول مقدار @@Identity=1 است اما چون این جدول دارای Triggerی است که این Trigger خود با جدولی دیگری درگیر است که دارای Identity است مقدار متغییر @@identity=100 خواهد شد.

2- Scope_Identity() : مقدار نمایش داده شده توسط تابع Scope_Identity() برابر با مقدار Identity تخصیص (عدد 1) داده شده به ازای رکورد شما می‌باشد که این موضوع در اغلب موارد مد نظر برنامه‌نویسان می‌باشد.

3- Ident_Current(‘Employees1’) : مقدار نمایش شده توسط تابع Ident_Current آخرین مقدار Identity (عدد 1) موجود در جدول Employees1 است.

4- Ident_Current(‘Employees2’) : مقدار نمایش شده توسط تابع Ident_Current آخرین مقدار Identity (عدد 100) موجود در جدول Employees2 است.

چند نکته مهم

1-  مقدار بازگردانده شده توسط تابع Ident_Current آخرین مقدار Identity موجود در جدول مورد نظر شما بوده است و عملیات درج سایر کاربران در این مقدار تاثیر گذار است.

2-   برای بدست آوردن مقدار Identity درست بهتر است از تابع Scope_Identity() استفاده نماییم. معمولاً در بیشتر مواقع مقدار بازگردانده شده توسط این تابع مد نظر برنامه نویسان است.

3-   EntityFramework و Nhibernate هم برای بدست آوردن Identity از تابع Scope_Identity استفاده می‌کند.  

• VS2019 Preview 4 broke conditional compilation symbols in C#
• API has been deprecated
• Android debugging not working in latest release 16.4 "Debuggee returned error code INVALID_ARGUMENT"
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• Fixed a bug where user defined conditional compliation symbols are lost when the build properties page is reopened. 

"Going forward, we do not plan to evolve Visual Basic as a language," the .NET team said. "This supports language stability and maintains compatibility between the .NET Core and .NET Framework versions of Visual Basic. Future features of .NET Core that require language changes may not be supported in Visual Basic. Due to differences in the platform, there will be some differences between Visual Basic on .NET Framework and .NET Core."  

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